infectious diseases chapter 21 (11) infectious disease communicable can spread easily caused by...
TRANSCRIPT
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CHAPTER 21(11)
Infectious DiseaseCommunicable
Can spread easilyCaused by organisms that multiple within us
Micro-organism
CAUSES OF INFECTIONS PATHOGENS
1.BACTERIA• Simple, single cells organism, that can live
almost anywhere.• TOXINS – poisons
2. VIRUSES• Bundle of genes wrapped in protein
cover
• Virus factory
3. FUNGI• Simple organisms related to mold• Like warm, dark, and moist areas
4. PROTOZOANS• Moves through fluids in search of food
5. OTHER PATHOGENS• Diseases caused by animals, insects and
parasitic worms
PATHOGENS ARE SPREAD BY:
1. CONTACT with INFECTED PERSONS: direct contact, indirect contact
2. CONTACT with CONTAMINATED OBJECTS.
3. CONTACT with INFECTED ANIMALS/ INSECTS.
4. CONTACT with ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES.
BODY’S DEFENSES:
1. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL DEFENSES A. SKIN – largest organ on the body
• Pores are exits• Secretes sweat – which is poisonous to germs• Secretes oil – called Sebum
Body’s Defenses (cont.) PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL DEFENSES
B. MUCOUS MEMBRANES – protective lining• Secretes mucus; traps pathogen • Chemicals within it kills pathogen
Cilia – tiny hair like structures
* removes pathogens
Body’s Defenses (cont.) PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL DEFENSES
C. Saliva and Tears – washes away pathogens
D. Digestive System – removes/excretes pathogens
Body’s Defenses (cont.)
2. INFLAMMATION: BODY’S RESPONSE TO ALL KINDS OF INJURY
• Damaged cells release chemicals that cause blood vessels to enlarge
• Allows more blood flow – carries nutrients and white blood cells to area
• Phagocytes – white blood cells
Body’s Defenses
Infected area becomes red, swollen and sore
Pus – white liquid that is an accumulation of fluids, white blood cells and dead cells.
Phagocytosis
Body’s Defenses (cont.)
3. IMMUNE SYSTEM – made up of blood, bone marrow and
lymphatic tissue
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM – is a network of vessels that form the immune system.• Has three structures
Three lymphatic structures
LYMPH – the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
LYMPH NODES – small stations that houses different white blood cells
LYMPHOCYTES – specialized white blood cells Some patrol the body Some are dormant in the lymph nodes
3 TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES
1. B LYMPHOCYTES – B CELLS 2. T LYMPHOCYTES – T CELLS
A. Helper T B. Killer T C. Suppressor T
3. MEMORY CELLS
1. B LYMPHOCYTES B CELLS –
produces antibodies ANTIBODIES –
are Y-shaped proteins that attach themselves to pathogens
Form memory cells
2. T LYMPHOCYTES (T CELLS)
A. HELPER T CELLS Produces
chemical that regulates the activity of the other white blood cells
Interferon – chemical that stimulates phagocytes
B. KILLER T CELLS Kills pathogens
directly by destroying the infected body cells
T Cells (cont.)
C. SUPPRESSOR T CELLS
SLOWS DOWN THE RESPONSE OF THE B CELLS AND THE T CELLS
3. MEMORY CELLS
FORM AFTER HAVING AN INFECTION FORM THROUGH VACCINATIONS
ARE STORED IN THE LYMPH NODES
Immunity
The body’s ability to fight infection.
Active – having infection• - Vaccination – injection of of disabled or dead
pathogen.
Passive – immunity through an outside source
STAGES OF INFECTIONS
1. INCUBATION STAGE – time between, when the pathogen enters the body and makes you sick. Every pathogen has a different
incubation period
2. PRODROMAL STAGE – when the first symptoms occur Sore throat, sneezing, etc.
Stages of infections (cont.)
3. ACUTE STAGE – symptoms are most severe. Fever
4. RECOVERY STAGE – start to feel better. Convalescence – period between end
of infection Relapse – illness returns
MEDICATIONS ANTIBIOTICS – drugs that kill bacteria
Penicillin Erythromycin Tetracycline Bixan
Take it exactly as directed. Always take the exact amount that the label says to take. If the label says to take the medicine at a certain time, follow these directions.
Take it for as long as prescribed.
Medications
75% of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory tract infections
50% of antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriate
Most respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses
Antibiotics do not work against viruses
What Are Antivirals?www.webmd.com)
Antivirals are medications that reduce the ability of flu viruses to multiply.
The CDC considers antiviral drugs as a "second line of defense against the flu.
"When taken at the onset of flu, these medications help decrease the severity and duration of flu symptoms.
USING MEDICATION CORRECTLY
Tell doctor of any medicine you are taking Tell doctor of any drugs taken within 24hr. Ask how medicine should affect you Store medications correctly Read information of label, or print out Take medication prescribed to you only
Cont. Tell doctor of any side effects NEVER drink alcohol with
medication, this includes over the counter meds.
Throw away old medications.
MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS
PHARMACOLOGISTS NEEDS PH.D WORKS IN
RESEARCH LAB. TO DEVELOP NEW DRUGS TO TREAT OR PREVENT DISEASE.
PHARMACIST NEED 5 YR.
COLLEGE PROGRAM
AND STATE LICENSE
DISPENSES MEDICINES THAT HAVE BEEN PRESCRIBED BY DOC.
ORGANIZATIONS: CENTER FOR
DISEASE CONTROL - CDC
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - WHO