information, decision support…
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Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer. Chapter 9. Information, Decision Support…. Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Artificial Intelligence and Special-Purpose Systems. Key Terms. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Information, Decision Support…
Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Artificial Intelligence and Special-Purpose
Systems
Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer
Chapter 9
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9.1
Decision Making and Problem Solving
• Decision making• Problem solving• Programmed decisions• Nonprogrammed decisions• Optimization model• Heuristics
Key Terms
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Decision Making & Problem Solving Process
Intelligence Stage
Design Stage
Choice Stage
Decision Making
Implementation
Monitoring
Problem Solving
Potential Problems and opportunities are identified and defined
Alternative solutions to the problem are developed
Select a course of action
Solution put into effect
Evaluate the implementation
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MIS
Decision Types
Programmed decisionsStructured situations with well defined
relationshipsQuantifiable
Non-programmed decisionsIll-structured situations with vague or changing
relationships between variablesNot easily quantifiable in advance
DSS
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MIS vs. DSS
A MIS sheds light on a wide-range of common, day-to-day business decisions.
A DSS supports decision making for specific unique and difficult decisions.
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Optimization and Heuristic Approaches
An optimization model finds the best solution, usually the one that will best help individuals or organizations meet their goals.
Heuristics, often referred to as “rules of thumb”—commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution, but not necessarily the optimal solution—are often used in the decision-making process.
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9.2
Management Information Systems
• Management Information System (MIS)• Scheduled report• Demand report• Exception report
Key Terms
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Management Information Systems (MIS)
MIS: an information system designed to provide routine information to managers and decision makers
Example: Search for a car on edmunds
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MIS Input and Output
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Reports, Reports, Reports
www.cognos.com/products/business_intelligence/reporting_sapbw/
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Scheduled Reports are produced periodically on a schedule; daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.
Demand Reports are developed to get certain information at a person’s request.
Exception Reports are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires action.
Reports
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9.3
Decision Support Systems
• Decision Support System• What-if analysis• Goal-seeking analysis
Key Terms
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Decision Support Systems
A decision support system (DSS) is an information system used to support problem-specific decision making.
www.epocrates.com
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What-if?
What-if analysis is the process of making hypothetical changes to problem data and observing the impact on the results.
What-if is used in projecting paths of hurricanes
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Goal-seeking
Goal-seeking analysis is the process of determining what problem data is required for a given result.
What must be done in order to safely withdraw troops within a year?
What if??? Excel Grade Individual Activity
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9.4
Group Decision Support Systems
• Group decision support system (GDSS)• Groupware
Key Terms
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Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
A GDSS or computerized collaborative work system is designed to provide effective support in group decision-making settings.
A GDSS is flexible, supports anonymous input, and reduces negative group dynamics
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Groupware
GDSS software, called groupware, helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management.
www.lotus.com
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9.5
AI and Special-Purpose Systems
• Robotics• Vision systems• Natural language processing• Learning systems• Neural network• Fuzzy logic
Key Terms
• Genetic algorithm• Intelligent agent• Expert system (ES)• Virtual reality• Geographic information system (GIS)• Game theory
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An Overview of AI
AI systems simulate human thought and behavior.
www.cyc.com
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Interesting Statistics It has been estimated that
computers that can exhibit humanlike intelligence – including musical and artistic aptitude, creativity, the ability to move physically through the world, and emotional responsiveness – require processing power of 20 million billion calculations per second (petaflops).
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Robotics
Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices to perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans.
ASIMO Demo
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Other Forms of AI
Vision systems permit computers to capture store and interpret visual imaged and pictures.
Natural language processing, or speech recognition, allows a computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a natural language.
Learning systems allow the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives.
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Specialized Systems
A geographic information system (GIS) is capable of storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic or spatial information including maps of locations or regions around the world.
Google Earth Zillow
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Specialized Systems
Game theory involves developing strategies for people, organizations, or even countries that are competing against each other.
Informatics combines traditional disciplines, like science and medicine, with computer systems and technology.
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Chapter 9 Questions?
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