information technology in business and society
DESCRIPTION
Information technology in business and society. Session 20 – HoW Software iS Made Sean J. taylor. Administrativia. Assignment 4 solution is posted Group Project 1 is posted Site traffic and websites Office hours moved: Tuesday 3:30 – 5:30 (KMC 8-191) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS AND SOCIETYSESSION 20 – HOW SOFTWARE IS MADE
SEAN J. TAYLOR
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ADMINISTRATIVIA
• Assignment 4 solution is posted• Group Project 1 is posted• Site traffic and websites• Office hours moved:
Tuesday 3:30 – 5:30 (KMC 8-191)• Office hours next week:
Friday 3:30 – 5:30 (KMC 8-191)
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Explain why software engineering is difficult.• Understand the process by which software
product are created.
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WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
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INTERNAL SYSTEMS
• Accounting/billing• Trading systems• Human resources• Customer relationship management• Data mining• Product/inventory management• MANY MORE
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BUILD OR BUY?
WHY BUY?
• Time to use
• External support
• No risk of project failure
• Upgrades
• Network effects
WHY BUILD?
• Customized, all requirements met
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WHAT ARE THE COSTS?
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SAAS:SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE• software and associated data are centrally hosted on the
cloud
• typically accessed by users using a thin client via a web browser
• $10B in sales in 2010
• accounting, customer relationship management (CRM)
• enterprise resource planning (ERP), invoicing
• human resource management (HRM), content management (CM)
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ESSENTIAL DIFFICULTIES1. Complexity
• Hard to manage large teams• Hard to understand system, side-effects
2. Conformity
• Software is expected to meet all users’ needs3. Changeability
• Pressure/ability to change4. Invisibility
• No way to see it all at once, visually
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PAST BREAKTHROUGHS
• High-level languages• Solve common problems and allow
programmers to think less about how computer executes instructions
• (time-sharing)• Unified programming environments• Standardize how programmers work, make
key decisions in advance
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HOPES FOR SILVER• Even higher-level languages: more expressive
• Object-oriented programming: re-usability of components
• Artificial intelligence: teach computers to do what programmers do
• Expert systems: use “rules” to improve development
• “Automatic” programming: generate a program from a problem
• Graphical programming: a visual metaphor for the program
• Program verification: find bugs before users do
• Environments and tools: reduce errors and streamline workflow
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METHODOLOGIES
Structure imposed on how software is developed.
1. Waterfall Model
2. Agile Methodology
3. Many more: RAD, TDD, Spiral
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WATERFALL MODEL
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“THE HARDEST SINGLE PART OF BUILDING A SOFTWARE SYSTEM IS DECIDING PRECISELY WHAT TO BUILD.” -- BROOKS
REQUIREMENTS
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SYSTEM DESIGN
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OUTPUT: SPECIFICATION
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IMPLEMENTATION
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VERSION CONTROL
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VERSION CONTROL SYSTEMS
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VERIFICATION
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MAINTENANCE
1. Add new features
2. Fix bugs as they come up3. Improve performance
4. Scale to more users/data
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“AGILE” METHODOLOGY
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“THE MYTHICAL MAN-MONTH”
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NEXT CLASS:MOBILE AND LOCATION
Work on G1