infrastructure planning in mega cebu: major problems and solutions

Infrastructure Planning in Mega Cebu -

Major Problems and Solutions

Moving Forward to 2050“Celebraring 3 Years of Partnerships”

RAFI, Plenary Room

April 15, 2014

Jun Sanchez

By:

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City Country RankRanking

Change

GDP

Rank

Kampala Uganda 430 164

Addis Ababa Ethiopia 435 169

Maputo Mozambique 441 170

Dakar Senegal 445 152

Conakry Guinea 473 171

122

122

Cebu Philippines 475 126

* Source: Global Urban Competitiveness Project; GDP - IMF

2009 – 2010 Urban Comprehensive Competitiveness Ranking (cities out of 500)

Item ’09 -’10 ’10 -’11 ’11 -’12 ’12 -’13 ’13 -’14 Impv’t

WEF Overall Competitiveness index (148) 87 85 75 65 59 28

Infrastructure Pillar (out of 12) 98 104 105 98 96 2

World Investment Report:

The Philippines ranked 116th out of 141 countries terms of their ability to attract foreign direct

investments (FDIs) in 2010 was down by 8 notches from its spot in 2009

“the poor infrastructure in the Philippines is to be blamed …it is very difficult to compete with other

countries in the region particularly China, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, and even Vietnam

because they are so much ahead of us in terms of infrastructure“

CB Dep. Gov. Diwa Gunigundo:

“Corruption , inefficient government bureaucracy , and inadequate supply of infrastructure have

remained the top three problematic factors”.

Pillars: Institutions, Infrastructure, Macroeconomic stability, Health and primary education, Higher education and training, Goods market efficiency, Labor

market efficiency, Financial market sophistication, Technological readiness, Market size, Business sophistication, Innovation

World Economic Forum (WEF) Competitiveness Ranking of Countries

Countries better than RP in infra: Africa - Botswana, Gambia, Mauritius, Namibia & Tunisia ; Asia - Sri Lanka, Bhutan & Laos

Evidence?

Real Planning Adequate Infrastructure

PH economy may lose P6b to traffic by 2030 (JICA Study - Manila Standard 2/22/14; This is a

150% inccrease in oly 17 years)

Most of the traffic losses are in Metro Manila (11.6M) and Metro Cebu (2.8M – 19%).

Assume 70% of the losses in the country are in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu (=1.68B).

Assume Metro Cebu is ½ as bad as Manila. Metro Cebu loses 160M/day due to traffic

jams alone.

This does not include losses due to flooding, pollution, lack of water and unsightliness in

Mega Cebu. If included, losses could be up to 200M /day.

Congested streets and traffic jams cost the country as much as P2.4B a

day in lost productivity and potential income… (JICA Study - PDI, 7/6/13)

The main cause of the losses of up to 200M/day?

FAILURE of ENGINEERING

More Bad News ………

Major Problems Facing Infrastructure Development in Mega Cebu

Right-of-Way

Inefficient Planning System in the Philippines that is highly influenced

by politics

On Planning

Proj. Identification/Approval

Gov’t Infra Agency Problem Inputs

Measurements/Data gathering

Approval and funding by Gov’t Agency

Implementation

& Construction

Program of Work & Design

Implementation

& Construction

Engineering/EconomicAnalysis & Design

Master Plan

Funding by Gov’t Agency

Project Inputs:

LGU Councils – requests or resolutions

Mayors & Congressmen – Influenced by vote potential

Gov’t Infra Agency - Felt need/reaction to problems

Lobby Groups – Biz/home/settlers assoc, ngos, civic grp.

Other Countries RP

Best Solution/Project

Barangay

Dev.

Council

City/Mun.

Dev.

Council

Prov.

Dev.

Council

Regional

Dev.

CouncilNEDA

Typical Membership of an LGU Council:

• Barangay (1,203) – Council, rep. of Cong. and ¼ NGOs

• Mun./City (44/9) – Bgy. heads, rep. of Cong., Chair Appr. Comm., ¼ NGO

• Provincial – Mayors, rep. of Cong., Chair Appr. Comm., ¼ NGO

• Regional – Govs., City Mayors, Capital Mun., Gov. Agencies, ¼ NGO, Cong.

Engineers/Architects ~ very few to none

LGU Councils

Reverse

Engineering

Project Planning and Implementation Process




Measurements/Data Gathering


Implementation

& Construction


Implementation

& Construction

Master Plan


Project Inputs:


Political Leaders



Other Countries RP


Project Planning and Implementation Process - Key Differences

LGU Councils (ComVal Prov. Dev. Council)

Gov’t Infra Agency

Mayor/Congressman

Lobby Groups

Big Integrated Planning Office w/ sophisticated software/hardware

Army of Arch/Engrs of diff. specialties

Small planning office, no sophisticated software/hardware

~ 0 Engrs/arch. in LGU Councils / Limited plan’g staff & res. in LGUs / No specialists

//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Lyons_Architects_Office.jpg

Medical Specialists:

• Hematologist

• Ophtalmologist

• Nephrologist

• Pediatrician

• Obstetrician

• Anesthesiologist

• Dermatologist

• Neurologist

• Oncololgist

• Cardiologist

• Psychiatrist

• Rheumatologist

• Surgeon

• Urologist ……

Hospital:(treatment of diff. kinds of diseases)

LGU/DPWH(solving diff. infra problems: traffic, flooding, pollution…)

Civil Eng’g / Architectural / Planning Specialists:

• Structural Engineer

• Geotechnical Engineer

• Water Resources Engineer

• Transportation Engineer

• Construction Engineer

• Surveyors

• Environmental Engineer/Planner

• Urban Planner

• Architectural Planner

RP


Analogy

?RP





Implementation

& Construction


Implementation

& Construction


Master Plan



Project Inputs:


Political Leaders



Other Countries RP


Project Planning and Implementation Process - Key Differences (….continuation)

LGU Councils (ComVal Prov. Dev. Council)


Mayor/Congressman

Lobby Groups

Big Integrated Planning Office w/ sophisticated software/hardware

Army of Arch/Engrs of diff. specialties

Planning 8hrs/day, 300d/yr

Dedicated ROW Team

Small planning office, no sophisticated software/hardware

~ 0 Engrs/arch. in LGU Councils / Limited plan’g staff & res. in LGUs / No specialists

LGU Councils meet once every 3 months

No dedicated ROW Team





Implementation

& Construction

Best Solution


Master Plan

In the coming months for JICA:

“… at least proposed projects must be prepared at pre-FS level documents

including engineering design, cost estimate, economical/financial analysis and

natural/social environmental considerations” (2/27/14 ppt presentation of JICA).

JICA Team

JST Outreach Meetings w/ 13 LGUs; Jan – Feb 2014

+ 10 other LGUs

MCDCB (Jan and March)

Integrated Office (Cebu Capitol)

20 Engineers/Personnel of different specialties

8 hrs/day at 300 days/yr18 months

JICA Team

JICA Applying International Planning Principles

Other Countries


Example of a Failure in Engineering

2-lane flyover

VS.

Flared Intersection

Aerial Photos of Flared Intersections

14

Travel speed along Gov. Cuenco Ave.

Turning Movement Counts at Intersection

Queue Analysis of Mahiga Int. at Present

Delay Analysis of Mahiga Int. at Present

Delay situation of the Improved Mahiga Int.

Queue situation of the Improved Mahiga Int.

Note: No need to do this for DPWH, project already identified. Only POW needed.

Proof that Flyover is better: Numerical Analysis and use of Computer Software(Applied by Dr. Primitivo Cal in the A.S. Fortuna Flyover Issue)

7 two-lane flyovers

Increased Taxes for Reinvestiment

Gas/Maintenance Savings

Man-hours Saved

Increased Property Values Cebuano Pride

Lesser Pollution

Other Multiplier Effects

InvestmentsEmployment

2.0 B investment Recovered in 5 years

2.0B

Increased Standard of Living

2.0B

30 flared intersections +

numerous streets with widened pedestrian

lanes, bike lanes and pocket lanes VS.

MMDA Chair Bayani Fernando in Cebu Contractors Assoc. Gen. Assembly Meeting, Oct. 2007 said:

The “Failure of Engineering” caused mainly by government infrastructure projects implemented

without proper studies is greater than the cost of corruption.”


Implementation

& Construction



Project Inputs:


Political Leaders

Gov’t Infra Agency Felt need/reaction to problems


Problem Inputs

Project Planning and Implementation Process

Other Countries RP



Approval and Funding by Gov’t Agency

Implementation

& Construction



Master Plan

SOLUTION

Barangay

Dev.

Council

City/Mun.

Dev.

Council

Prov.

Dev.

Council

Regional

Dev.

CouncilNEDA

Typical Membership of an LGU Council:

• Barangay (1,203) – Council, rep. of Cong. and ¼ NGOs

• Mun./City (44/9) – Bgy. heads, rep. of Cong., Chair Appr. Comm., ¼ NGO

• Provincial – Mayors, rep. of Cong., Chair Appr. Comm., ¼ NGO

• Regional – Govs., City Mayors, Capital Mun., Gov. Agencies, ¼ NGO, Cong.

LGU Councils

Political leadership decides (mcluts)

RP/Government PrivateAyala Business Park

Real Planning

No ROW problems

Real Planning

Addressing ROW problems

Solution – Focus on:

Other Countries

Sample Urban Layout in Mega Cebu


Implementation

& Construction


Reverse

Engineering


Project Inputs:


LGU Heads/Congressmen – Potential for votes

Gov’t Infra Agency Felt need/reaction to problems



Project Planning and Implementation

Other Countries RP



Implementation

& Construction

Best Solution


Master PlanFilipino Engineers Abroad Filipino Engineers in the Phil.

Project Planning and ImplementationOther Countries



Approval and Funding by Gov’t Agency

Implementation

& Construction



Master Plan

Why are Integrated Master Plans common in other countries

Generally immune to political quarrels among LGU heads and

internal politics among mayors and their councils

Less prone to political intervention.

Not affected by change in leadership after every elections.

Efficient. Coordinated. Interconnected. Shared identity.

Allows a City to be more competitive and attractive to investments.

Sustainable development. Livable Metropolis.

And many more……

Gov’t

AgencyKey Success Indicator 2014 2015

%

Change

NEDA % Growth

DOH # Dengue incidences

DECS NAT (National Achievement Test) ave. score

PNP # Robberies

DOT # Tourist arrivals

DSWD Poverty incidence

DPWH

Government Key Success Indicators to Measure Achievement of Planned Objectives:

???????????????

Location of DPWH Traffic Survey Stations in Cebu

Traffic Flow in Cebu measured by DPWH

Average Traffic

Speed

Measuring Traffic Situation in Mega Cebu

18 127 ?

Measuring Drainage/Flooding Situation in Mega Cebu

Gov’t

AgencyKey Success Indicator 2014 2015

%

Change

NEDA % Growth

DOH # Dengue incidences

DECS NAT (National Achievement Test) ave. score

PNP # Robberies

DOT # Tourist arrivals

DSWD % poverty incidence

DPWH

Average traffic speed in national roads (kph) 6.1 5.8

# of Flooded areas in Mega Cebu 300 290

With new performance indicators:

DPWH District Engrs and Regional Director will think of ways to

achieve the performance criteria

Traffic, flooding and pollution will reduce consistently over the years

Spending speed for a given budget/year or

Implementation speed of programmed proj./year

???????????????

Government Key Success Indicators to Measure Achievement of Planned Objectives:

Lost/covered creek

Rolling Hills

#1 - Site Investigation of Actual Site Conditions:

The Importance of Integrated Approach in Planning

Students/Faculty – Integrated Approach - ( includes catchment area)

DPWH - Isolated Approach – (road only)

vs.

40M? (incl. rolling hills; 100M for 2015)

20M Easy and/or cheap maintenance. By gravity

Expensive maintenance. By ~

26M machines.

#2 – Surveying Works: #3 – Analysis of Catchment Area #4 – Computations (Extract) #5 – Construction Drawings

DPWH Mandate: “Get the water off the

road (crown), out of the road (culvert) and

away from the road (nearest functioning canal).”

(Illegal for private entities to tap into DPWH drainage lines)


Integrative approach:

DPWH designs & implements drainage

project

DENR cancels title to allow river restoration

LGU removes informal settlers

On ROW

REPUBLIC ACT No. 8974AN ACT TO FACILITATE THE ACQUISITION OF RIGHT-OF-WAY, SITE OR LOCATION FOR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Nov. 2000

233 pages

Brando Raya…

Ineffective Current Law of Right-of-Way (ROW)

19 regular procedures

9 special procedures

17 Workflows

Sample of 1 Workflow

Approximately indicates 36 government units potentially involved in ROW Acquisition

The Importance of Amedning the Existing Law or ROW

JICA (Japan Int’l Cooperation Agency)

Study on the Roadmap for Sustainable Urban Development of Metro Cebu – “Mega Cebu Integrated Master Plan”

Row Obstacles >>

MCDP days (1980 – 2000)

ROW resolved within 2 years wih full-time ROW Team

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11

1213

14

15

16

17

18

1994

Effects of ROW on Project Implementation

18 road widening projects unimplemented

ROW resolved within 5 – 10 years

12

3

ongoing

ongoing

4ongoing

MCDP/Estrada ROW Bill (1994-present)vs

Had MCDP not been disbanded:

MCDP-2 and/or MCDA could have been created

At least 50 widening projects (6 – 8 lanes) since 1994

Plenty of widened roads for a BRT to be placed

No traffic in Mega Cebu

NEVER AGAIN !!

Win

Property Owner Government Public

Win Win

• Owner gets paid

• Value of his

property increase

generally by at least

50%

• Gov’t generates higher real estate taxes on land,

taxes on floor space of new buildings. The buildings will

house employees that will generate employment taxes.

Because widening is more efficient

and cheaper:

• Greater fuel and operational savings

• reduce man/student hours lost

• Lesser pollution. Healthier citizens

Millions paid on ROW to private owners circulates in the local economy which in turns fuels the local economy

• Inspired and happier citizenry

• Increase in investments that will that will generate

business related taxes and export revenues…. and

numerous other multiplier effects.

ROW investment can be recovered in a few years ……

• Better infrastructure that will improve

competitiveness ranking of the Philippines.

…

Taxes generated/sqm - 5 to100x

Billions in taxes remitted to Nat.Gov.

Hundreds of millions goes back to DPWH/City (IRA)

Govt’ should invest in acquiring ROW (Example: Road Widening)

Quezon Ave. – A used to be 2-lane insignificant 250m road widened

during MCDP days (80’s) has become one of the biggest tax

generator to the Government and employment generator to Lapu-

Lapu City. Investment recovered many times over. Property values

multiplied 200x up to the present.

Quezon Ave. , Lapu-Lapu City

LRT

200x

Colombian (Bogota) Model of ROW Prioritization

Moderately developed

Bogota, Colombia is one of the most

walkable, bikable and livable

developing cities in the world with

an efficient and cheap mass transit

system, BRT.

Moderately developed

Unpaved Road

Unpaved Road

Unpaved Road

Fmr Bogota Mayor Enriquie Peñalosa, Casino Español,

Cebu City, Nov. 2008

1. ROW

2. Pedestrian lanes/bike lanes

3. Road paving

Metro Cebu Dev. Council (MCDC) 1997

Metro Cebu Dev. Authority (MCDA)

Metro Cebu Dev. Coord. Board (MCDCB) 2011

Mactan-Cebu Int’l Airport Authority (MCIAA) 1990(10 Board; 4 pvt)

Cebu Ports Authority (CPA) 1992(DOTC Sec Chair; 6 pvt comm)

Metro Cebu Congressmen

ROW, etc.

Integrated Planning – Design – Implementation - Monitoring

In

itia

ted

by

pri

vate

sec

tor

The Need for a Stronger and Well-funded Planning Body

To make Mega Cebu one of the most competitive & livable city regions in Asia

Consequences of Poor Infrastructure

m/v Mega Cebu

Thank You