initial environmental examinationthe initial environmental examination is a document of the...

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Initial Environmental Examination Document Stage: Final Project Number: 38254

October 2009

India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)—Hubli-Dharwad Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation For the Government of Karnataka North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Initial Environmental Examination

Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

October 2009

Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka

North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

Package I – Dharwad

Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination

October 2009

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited (WSAPL)

NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination

Abbreviations

ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Archeological Survey of India ASP : Activated Sludge Process BM : Bituminous Macadam DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan EP Act : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka GSB : Granular Sub-base IEE : Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC : No Objection Certificate NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual PCC : Profile Concrete Course PWD : Public Works Department SOx : Oxides of Sulphur STP : Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM : Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM : Wet Mix Macadam WRDO : Water Resource Development Organization

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Contents I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1

A. Overview 1 B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance .......................................................................... 1 C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination .............................................................. 3 D. Scope of IEE 3 E. Report Structure 3

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ........................ 4

A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal.................................................................................. 4 B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) 6

1. Karnataka - Health Status.......................................................................................................6 C. Existing Basic Sanitation Infrastructure in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation 8

1. Existing Sewage Disposal System...........................................................................................8 D. Proposed Improvements in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation ........................ 9 1. Sewerage System 9

1.1. Collection System ..............................................................................................................10 E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule ........................................................... 14 F. Investment Program Benefits 14

1. Sewerage System Improvements ...........................................................................................14 G. Investment Program Alternatives 15

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT........................................................................ 16

A. Environmental Profile of Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation ........................... 16 1. Physiography.........................................................................................................................16 2. Seismology.............................................................................................................................16 3. Climatic Conditions ..............................................................................................................16 4. Surface Water ........................................................................................................................19 5. Groundwater .........................................................................................................................19 6. Air Quality............................................................................................................................20 7. Forest .....................................................................................................................................20 8. Flora and Fauna ....................................................................................................................20 9. Socio Economic Characteristics.............................................................................................20 10. Cultural and Historic Places.............................................................................................21

B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites ........................... 22 1. Sewerage................................................................................................................................22

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................................................................................................................... 25

V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN................................................................................................................................................... 38

A. Institutional Requirements 38 B. Training Needs 44 C. Environmental Monitoring Plans 45 D. Cost Estimates of Environmental Monitoring Plan...................................................... 55

VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ............................. 56

A. Overview 56 B. Redress of Grievances 57

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination VII. FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................... 58

A. Findings 58 B. Recommendations 58

VIII. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................... 60

Tables

Table 1. Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components ...........................2 Table 2. Water Borne / Related Diseases in Karnataka .............................................................7 Table 3. Details of Sanitation Facilities in HDMC ......................................................................9 Table 4. Project Components to be Built under Tranche II........................................................9 Table 5. Design Parameters of STP .............................................................................................12 Table 6. Investment Program Alternatives ................................................................................15 Table 7. Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature in Gadag Observatory........17 Table 8. Climatological Characteristics of Dharwad District ..................................................18 Table 9. Screening of Impacts ......................................................................................................26 Table 10. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage System ................26 Table 11. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ......................................................................42 Table 12. Training Needs (2008 – 2016) ........................................................................................44 Table 13. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System.............................................46 Table 14. Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers .........................................53 Table 15. Block Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring Plan.......................................55 Table 16. Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Hubli.....................56 Table 17. Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components ...............................................58

Figures Figure 1. Wind Rose Diagram of Dharwad District (0830 Hrs and 1730 Hrs) .......................18 Figure 2. NKUSIP Implementing Organisation Hierarchy.......................................................40

Maps Map 1. Project Location, Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation.............................................5 Map 2. Proposed Sewerage System in Hubli and Navanagar ..................................................11 Map 3. Proposed STP Layout.........................................................................................................13 Map 4. Proposed STP Site in Hubli ...............................................................................................24

Appendices

Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage Appendix 2. Notification on Prohibited and Regulated Areas around Protected Monuments Appendix 3. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Overview

1. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) proposes to improve the environmental quality of the urban areas through better urban infrastructure facilities and thus improve living conditions of the urban people. In the wake of poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation and solid waste management, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. Hence, the proposed Investment Program aims at minimizing or mitigating the risk and ensures the well-being of people.

2. Though the Investment Program aims to improve the environmental condition of urban areas, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment. While developing urban infrastructure facilities, impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. Exceptions being some facilities such as sewage treatment plant, which may also exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Again, most of the impacts are activity-specific. However, if due care is taken during the construction phase, Investment Program negative impacts will be far outweighed by positive impacts.

B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance

3. The components of NKUSIP include environmental sanitation infrastructure, water supply infrastructure, urban roads improvement, slum infrastructure, and non-municipal infrastructure projects. Sub-components proposed for Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC), which fall under the ambit of environmental regulations and mandatory requirement, are indicated in Table 1.

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination Table 1. Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub-Component Applicability of Acts

/ Guidelines Compliance Criteria

• Sewage Treatment Plant

• Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

• Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation from KSPCB

Sewerage and Sanitation

• All sub-components

• The Environment Policy and Operations Manual (OM) 20: Environmental Considerations in ADB Operation

• Categorization of sub-project components into A, B or C and developing required level of environmental assessment for each component

4. The above table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go through environmental assessment process; however, as specified, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities. The ADB guidelines, on the other hand, stipulate addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of Investment Program preparation. For this, the ADB Guidelines categorizes the proposed components into various categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Investment Program, as per ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003 is presented below.

i) Category A: Sub-project components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts.

ii) Category B: Sub-project components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A Investment Programs. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

iii) Category C: Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination

5. The NKUSIP Package I – Dharwad covers six sub-project towns. To fulfill the ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans, the environmental assessment of sub-projects were carried out. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, prima facie almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts.

6. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the sub-project components proposed in the Hubli -Dharwad Municipal Corporation under NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been carried out.

D. Scope of IEE

7. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.

E. Report Structure

8. This Report contains eight (8) sections including this introductory section: (i) introduction; (ii) description of Investment Program components; (iii) description of the environment; (iv) screening of potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (v) environmental monitoring plan; (vi) public consultation and information disclosure; (vii) finding and recommendation; and (viii) conclusions.

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II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS

A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal

9. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) will finance investment for (i) Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure; (ii) Water supply Infrastructure; (iii) Urban Roads Improvement; (iv) Poverty Alleviation; (v) Non-Municipal Infrastructure; (vi) Institutional Development; and (vii) Investment Program Assistance. The overall development goal of the NKUSIP is to facilitate economic growth in the towns of North Karnataka and bring about urban development through equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The development purpose is designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to “promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty”.

10. Thus the Investment Program goal is to facilitate economic growth in the towns/cities of North Karnataka and bring about urban development though equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that is environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The following are the urban infrastructure components proposed under the NKUSIP.

i) Water Supply;

ii) Sewerage;

iii) Urban Drainage and Flood Control;

iv) Urban Roads;

v) Poverty Alleviation; and,

vi) Non-Municipal Infrastructure (including Fire Services, Lake Development and Tourism)

11. The Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation comprises the cities of Hubli and Dharwad, and Navnagar Township. The twin cities are located on Pune-Bangalore National Highway (NH-4), in North Karnataka, about 400 km north of Bangalore, the State capital and separated by a distance of 20 km. Navanagar, a small township, is located between the two cities. These two cities are among the 25 cities of the state of Karnataka where urban sector investment program has been proposed. The location map of the investment program for Hubli-Dharwad is presented in Map 1.

P (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination

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Map 1. Project Location, Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination 12. NKUSIP program for Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation is planned to be

implemented in a course of 8 years as two phases – Phase 1 and Phase 2 targeting to meet the demand for the year 2041. Considering the immediate requirement, the consultant have done a sensitivity analysis and it is proposed to invest Rs. 100 crores for Hubli city in sewerage system upgradation with construction of Sewage Treatment plant of capacity 50 MLD in Tranche II. The allotted 44 crore can be utilized for sewerage upgradation for Dharwad in the subsequent tranches.

B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC)

13. Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation is spread over an area of 202.3 sq km and house more than 7.86 lakhs population as per census 2001. As the two cities were interdependent, a common municipal borough was constituted in 1925. It was established as a municipal corporation in 1962. With the aim of directing the trend of development towards each other, and to enforce an effectively single civic administration, the new township of Navanagar was planned midway between Hubli and Dharwad. The township is being developed by locating a number of offices, industries, and housing extensions. Also, the conurbation has been a regional trade center, with almost 55 percent of the population engaged in tertiary sector (25 percent in trade and commerce activities, 11 percent in transport, storage, etc. and 20 percent engaged in other services) thus accelerating population growth rapidly in the HDMC cities. Hence, providing basic amenities to ensure high level of performance in environmental safe guard is quite necessary to ensure a long term urban sustainability. A study conducted by Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka, 2003 has shown that the cities in the state of Karnataka has poor environmental performance due to lagging in ensuring basic infrastructure facilities to the urban population.

1. Karnataka - Health Status

14. In addition to the associated environmental pollution, importantly, due to lack of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation facilities, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. The State of Environment Report∗ (SOER), 2003, Karnataka, brings out the fact that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is essentially leading to the health related consequences. The following

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are the important observations of the report.

i) “Loss of access to the safe drinking water and sanitation is a matter of great concern. It is estimated that 75 - 80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage. The remaining is industrial waste water which could be more toxic. Due to improper drainage and lack of disposal facilities, industries and local bodies use large areas of land for disposal of wastewater”

ii) “Adverse health effects are associated with ingestion of contaminated water, lack of access to sanitation, contact with unsafe water and improper management of water resources and agriculture. Infectious diarrhea makes the single largest contribution to the burden of disease associated with unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Besides the water borne diseases like cholera, jaundice, other gastrointestinal track infections are quite significant amongst the population”.

iii) “These diseases occur in different parts of the state, mostly during summer when there is scarcity of drinking water and source water gets contaminated. The data maintained by Health and Family Welfare Department (2003) indicates that number of attacks for gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis and typhoid are increasing. The yearly occurrence of water borne diseases like cholera and gastroenteritis makes it very clear that environmental impact of water on health is very profound and significant.”

Table 2. Water Borne / Related Diseases in Karnataka Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral

Hepatitis Typhoid Year

Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal 1991 17455 691 747 16 - - 659 17 - - 1992 15262 608 402 14 - - 282 17 - - 1993 16206 855 424 13 - - 678 7 26047 1 1994 15932 325 304 10 - - 382 0 20349 0 1995 18645 396 532 38 - - 7146 1 10250 0 1996 22983 377 657 6 - - 1332 6 22221 12 1997 23665 361 714 10 67 2 1714 4 3880 5 1998 23881 501 434 2 1 0 3824 2 2435 0 1999 17743 126 134 3 54 2 4792 2 24356 1 2000 31132 265 354 3 3 1 3011 10 27210 0 2001 23893 198 342 1 68 7 5438 28 33346 6 2002 25218 146 384 0 27 0 4578 15 42936 2

Source: SOER, 2003. 15. Hence it is evident that the lack of efficient water supply, sewerage and

∗ Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka has prepared the SOER 2003.

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sanitation facilities is leading to health consequences in the State. Considering the immediate attention required in improving the environmental quality of the HDMC cities with emphasis to public health the present program is proposed to initially invest on improving sewerage network and providing Sewage Treatment Plant for both Hubli and Dharwad.

16. The following section details the status of the existing drainage pattern and the sewerage disposal system in the HDMC cities.

C. Existing Basic Sanitation Infrastructure in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

1. Existing Sewage Disposal System

17. Hubli-Dharwad has an underground drainage system (UGD) since 1950, which covers 40 percent of Hubli area and 30 percent of Dharwad area. Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) have taken up the responsibility of providing sewerage and sanitation services in these twin cities.

18. In absence of a centralized sewage disposal system in the entire area, the toilets in the individual houses are connected to septic tanks with soak pits. The public toilets are connected to existing sewerage system if available nearby or to septic tanks with soak pits. As soak pits are not effective in dispersion of the effluent to subsurface, wastewater overflow from septic tanks into storm water drains and nallahs are common phenomenon. The public conveniences existing in the city are not adequate to serve the slum dwellers and the economically weaker section of the society.

19. The following components have been implemented as part of the existing drainage system in the HDMC cities.

i) Individual Latrines: The household latrines are conventional water-flush latrines and low cost sanitation (LCS) units, both of which involve individual on-site disposal systems. The conventional water-flush latrines discharge night soil waste into septic tanks, while the LCS units have a twin-pit mode of disposal. The overflows from these disposal units are let out into the roadside storm water drains. Field visits to slums revealed that there is a lack of space for individual toilets in most slums in Hubli-Dharwad, which are densely built-up. Public toilets may therefore be the only feasible option.

ii) Public Latrines: HDMC has built 183 community toilet units (120 toilet blocks and 63 urinal blocks) at various locations in the city. The toilet units comprise of 1010 seats. HDMC maintains public toilets in most of wards,

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however, a substantial number of public toilets lack maintenance and poses potential health hazards

iii) Pay and Use Toilets: There are 17 pay and use toilets, with 170 seats. The maintenance has been contracted out to a local Non Government Organization (NGO). The units have facilities of urinals, toilets and bathrooms. Pay-and-use public toilet facilities are provided at the 12 locations in Hubli and five locations at Dharwad.

20. Treatment Facilities: - The city is not provided with Sewage Treatment facility. The sewage from the existing outfall sewer flows through the network of nallah’s (natural drains) and collect in Gabbur nallah in Hubli and Madhihal nallah in Dharwad. The sewage is disposed into the open agricultural fields in south of Hubli and Dharwad, respectively. This sewage mixed with sullage is used by farmers for irrigation downstream. The use of raw sewage in the fields may cause clogging the pores in the soil, leading to prevention of the aeration of the root zone, which will affect the plant’s growth and yield. The condition is generally known as soil sickness.

Table 3. Details of Sanitation Facilities in HDMC Description Units Quantity

Actual Population Served % 55 Septic Tanks Nos. - Low Cost Sanitation Units Nos. - Public Conveniences Nos. 120 Public Toilets Nos. 63 Pay & Use Toilets Nos. 17 Total Seats Available Nos. 1280

Source: NKUSIP CLIP Report

D. Proposed Improvements in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation

21. Proposed components under the project to be built under Tranche II is presented in Table 4.

Table 4. Project Components to be Built under Tranche II Sl. No. Infrastructure Description Location 1. Sewerage System Rehabilitation of existing sewers

and manholes, construction of 10.57 km of new trunk lines with provision for road overlay, 2 modules of 25 MLD CAS/SBR type STP with provision for equipments.

STP at HDMC land in Gabbur village

1. Sewerage System

22. As the existing sewer network system do not cover HDMC in an effective way,

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under the present Investment Program it is proposed to develop a comprehensive sewerage system including collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal system. Sewerage facility will have to be designed to take care of the Municipal Corporation in the following aspects;

i) Providing the sewer network to carry anticipated flows in year 2041.

ii) Providing sewage treatment plant to take care of year 2041 demand and located at suitable location so that entire sewage can be drained into this plant by gravity possibly.

23. According to the proposed population projection of 2041 and the corresponding sewerage flow, it is proposed to divide the entire city area into two drainage district. The Hubli Drainage District comprises the entire Hubli and Navnagar area from wards 22 to 67. The Dharwad Drainage District will include wards 1 to 21 in the Dharwad area of the Municipal Corporation.

24. Trunk sewer alignment has been proposed by considering the topography of the city and major obstacles like National Highway and railway track. Zoning has been done in such a way that trunk sewer line has to cross NH and Railway line at very minimal points. Based on this, Hubli is divided into three sewerage zones, Dharwad into 6 zones and Navanagar area forms one zone. The design period is taken as 30 years starting from 2011 to 2041. The cities will be covered with a scientifically designed sewerage network by laying trunk mains and primary collection systems. The present report is covering the sewerage system proposed in Tranche II of NKUSIP for Hubli Drainage District only.

1.1. Collection System – 25. Trunk main starts from Acchamanna Colony near Sai Nagar,(where the

proposed diameter obtained from design is 200 mm) collects and carries the sewage to the proposed STP site at Gabbur passing through the locations like Chawan colony (diameter is 200 mm) & Munneswar Nagar where it crosses old NH 4 (diameter – 600 mm) and reaches Vikas nagar (diameter-1100 mm). From there, through Bharat mill road it reaches Teachers colony (diameter-1100 mm). It gets diverted along the Nallah; near Aravind Nagar (diameter-1200 mm). It again joins the Main road at Narayan sofa near Old Hubli market (diameter-1200 mm). From this point it passes through the Pathangalli`(diameter-1600 mm ), Altaf nagar (diameter-1600mm ), and at about 450 m from S M Krishna Nagar it again passes through Nallah (diameter-1800 mm ) and crosses the NH Bypass and reaches old Gabbur. From here it passes along Gabbur road and finally it reaches the proposed STP Location. The diameter of the pipe leading to outfall at STP site is 1800 mm. The total length of trunk main proposed in Hubli and Navanagar is 10.57 km. For mains and laterals, Glazed Stoneware pipes conforming to IS 651

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and RCC NP 3 class pipes conforming to IS 458-1988 were considered in design.

26. The proposed sewerage system in Hubli and Navanagar is shown in Map 2.

Map 2. Proposed Sewerage System in Hubli and Navanagar

27. The population of the twin cities of Hubli - Dharwad is expected to be close to 10 lakhs by 2011 which is likely to grow to about 16 lakhs by 2041. The corresponding sewage flows expected will be 110 to 185 MLD. It is proposed to construct a STP for Hubli & Navanagar at Gabbur Village and a separate STP for Dharwad at Hossayellapur.

28. Treatment facilities - Considering the importance of the city, their growth trend and capacity requirements, the treatment options that are worth considering for Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation are the Activated Sludge Process (ASP) based conventional treatment plant and Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology

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based plant. Evaluating the best possible option with greater benefits and the corresponding sewerage flow projection of the cities, it is recommended to adopt the CAST/SBRT based plant for HDMC.

29. The CAS/SBR technology can be adopted for Sewage Treatment plants above 20 MLD capacities as they efficiently and cost effectively produce desired quality sewage after treatment asking for sufficiently lower land requirements. Design parameters are presented in Table 5.

Table 5. Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Design

Influent Design Effluent

CPCB norm for Inland Surface Water Discharge

Design Flow MLD 50 50 Biochemical Oxygen Demand Mg/l 250 20-30 30

Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment 30. CAST has logistic control operators with special sensors for Dissolved Oxygen

Measurements and there by fixing hours of operation of reactors which work in parallel. They require much lower area (35 – 45% reduced area of Extended Aeration) and have high biomass loading efficiencies along with better efficiency in nutrient removal thus meeting desired quality parameters. During the period of a cycle, the liquid level inside the reactor basin rises from a set bottom water level in response to a varying wastewater flow rate. Aeration ceases at a predetermined period of the cycle to allow the biomass to flocculate and settle under quiescent conditions. After a specific settling period, the treated effluent supernatant is removed (decanted), using a moving weir decanter. This operation returns the liquid level in the reactor basin to the bottom water level. Surplus solids are wasted as required to maintain the biomass MLSS at the required level.

31. Initially 2 modular units of 25 MLD each can be installed at Gabbur and 1 unit of 24 MLD can be installed at Hossayellapur. Subsequently one such unit each can be added at Gabbur in 2015, 2025 and 2035 and in Hoseyellapur in 2015 and 2025.

32. It is proposed to provide Buffer Zone with green plantations around the STP. There are provisions for access roads, Diesel Generator for power backup, DG room, lighting and sludge drying beds in STP site with the total area completely fenced and entry into the STP premises is restricted only to the authorized ones.

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Map 3. Proposed STP Layout

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Alternative options for STP construction at Hubli

Alternative I

33. Initially an STP comprising 4 units of 22 MLD each may be necessary totalling 88 MLD. Additional units of 22 MLD each can be added in years 2025 and 2035.

Alternative II

34. The above calculation is based on the assumption that 100% collection system is in place. But in reality this may happen close to 2015. Hence initially 2 units of 25 MLD can be constructed at Hubli. Additional units of 25 MLD each can be constructed in 2015 and 2025.

35. Based on the availability of land and funds, the second alternative only seems to be viable.

E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule

36. The Investment Program is to be implemented over a eight-year period, commencing in FY 2009-10 and civil works construction starting in FY2009-10. Completion is scheduled by end FY 2015-16.

F. Investment Program Benefits

37. In view of the lack of basic infrastructure facilities and its adverse impacts on the environment and also on socio-economic characteristics, the proposed Investment Program aims at providing infrastructure facilities such as providing a centralized sewerage collection and treatment system to overcome negative environmental impacts. Investment Program benefits and beneficiaries in the HDMC are provided below.

1. Sewerage System Improvements

38. Benefits arising from the provision of a well reticulated sewerage network and safe treatment and disposal of sewage comprise (i) reduced incidence of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace (ii) improvement in public health conditions with better sanitation; (iii) reduction in risks of ground water contamination; (iv) stoppage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools; (v) reduced risk of treated water supply contamination; (vi) reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to usage of raw sewage for irrigation; (vii) reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields; and (viii) availability of treated effluent for agricultural purposes. Investment Program beneficiaries will be households getting new connections

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through proposed sewer lines under this Investment Program. Households who are getting new connections will gain from improved environmental sanitation conditions through properly functioning sewerage system

G. Investment Program Alternatives

39. The environmental suitability of the proposed components are judged through the selected location and proposed process/technology during both the construction and operation phases. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the components proposed under NKUSIP are basic urban infrastructure services, most of which are location fixed providing scope for alternatives only in terms of technology, which again are limited. However, facilities such as sewage treatment plants offer variety of technologies. The following Table 6 shows environmental suitability of the selected alternatives.

Table 6. Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternative

Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less man power and importantly does not require energy. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system. There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either river discharge or for land disposal after treatment. Options like Attached Growth Aerobic or Anaerobic Systems or Suspended Growth Systems may be adopted. As the twin towns are on fast growth stage, there are constraints on the availability of land for establishing STP. Further as the population is growing and there is considerable sewage generation, an efficient technology which can treat the sewage meeting discharge norms with least land requirement and moderate operation and maintenance cost has to be suggested. Based on these considerations, CAS/SBR technology is proposed for Hubli. Approx. 17 acres of land is under possession of ULB at Gabbur village which is surrounded by agricultural land where STP can be constructed. The site is ideally suited for STP as it is located at a lower level, with no settlements in the immediate vicinity.

Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental Profile of Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation

40. Hubli and Dharwad Cities and Navnagar Township lie in Dharwad District. Dharwad district lies in the catchment area of the Tungabhadra and the Malaprabha rivers. The soil has been formed due to the mixture of many types of disintegrated rocks. The main profession of the people is agriculture. The main food crops cultivated are Jowar, Paddy and Wheat. Among the non-food crops Cotton, Groundnut, Chillies, Sugarcane and Safflower are important. This district is famous right from the beginning for Cotton. Grapes of Dharwad, jumbJums of Navilur wild fruit (bore) of Vasana, Cashew and Mango of Malnad are also famous. The district is renowned for Cotton industry. Next to agriculture the main avocation is business. Hubli is the main business centre. The district has achieved tremendous progress in education. In the northern Karnataka region. Dharwad district is the centre of higher education. Many public and religious organizations have played an important role in the establishment of educational institutions in the district.

1. Physiography

41. Hubli is located at an altitude of 2,200 feet (670.75 m) and Dharwad at an altitude of 2,500 feet (762.19 m), above MSL. The terrain is slopping from Dharwad towards Hubli. Dharwad has better climatic condition than Hubli, reason being the altitude difference of 300 feet (91.46 m). Dharwad has a number of hillocks. Hubli City is located on either side of a natural valley leading to Unkal tank. The new township of Navnagar is at a higher altitude on the East slopping towards Unkal valley on the West.

2. Seismology

42. As per the seismic zoning map of India, Dharwad district falls under the Zone II, which is referred to as low damage earth quake risk zone in India.

3. Climatic Conditions

43. Dharwad district is characterized with hot summer months and low rainfalls during monsoon. The temperature varies between 420C during summer and 170C during winter. Generally, April and May are the hottest months while December to February is the coldest. The following Table 7 shows the mean maximum and

KUIDFC WSAPL 16


minimum temperature recorded in the region. As there was no meteorological observatory present at the two HDMC cities, the data presented here is of the observatory located at Gadag, around 68 km and 54 km east from Hubli and Dharwad respectively. This data is considered as representative data as both the cities are located in the same physiographical zone and also they are closely located.

Table 7. Mean Maximum and Mean Minimum Temperature in Gadag Observatory Month Long term normal (30 Years) – Mean (in O C) 2004 (Actual) –

Mean (in O C) Daily Max Daily Min Highest in

a month Lowest in a month

Max daily

Min Daily

Jan 30.2 16.6 32.5 13.9 31.0 16.1 Feb 33 18.7 35.6 15.2 33.0 18.3 Mar 36.1 21.1 38.1 17.9 37.2 21.4 April 37.3 22.5 39.4 19.9 37.8 22.3 May 36.1 22.3 39.6 19.7 34.0 22.4 June 31.0 21.6 35.8 20.0 30.0 21.3 July 28.4 21.1 31.6 20.0 29.6 20.8 Aug 28.6 20.8 31.8 19.7 28.5 20.4 Sep 29.8 20.5 33.3 18.8 29.4 20.5 Oct 30.6 20.5 33.4 18.3 30.6 19.9 Nov 29.8 18.4 32.0 15.0 30.4 18.3 Dec 29.1 16.4 31.4 13.6 29.8 14.6

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore 44. The cities experience southwest monsoon from June to September and the period

between the months of October and November can be termed as post monsoon months. The cities experience scanty rainfall and the long term annual average rainfall is 696 mm. The rainfall is confined and about 60 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the months of June to September. The maximum rainfall is registered during the month of August. The morning relative humidity (RH) varies from 51 to 87 percent while evening RH varies from16 to 67 percent; and the RH is generally higher during the southwest monsoon.

45. The region is continuously experiencing below normal rainfall from the last few years. The actual rainfall recorded in the year 2002 was 490 mm as against the normal rainfall of 696 mm marking a departure of -30 percent while in 2004 the actual rainfall was 511 mm marking a departure from normal of -26 percent. The region experiences moderate winds; as shown in Figure 1 the wind blows predominantly from west during May to September while during November and December predominant wind direction is from east. Most of the winds occur in the range of 12 – 19 kmph, however during the period of June to August winds of more than 19 kmph also occur. The following Table 8 shows the climatological details.

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination Table 8. Climatological Characteristics of Dharwad District

Month Long Term Avg. (30 Years) – Mean 2004 – Actual RH

Max RH Min

Wind Speed

Total Rainfall

Mean RH 0830 Hrs

Mean RH 1730 Hrs

Wind speed

Total Rainfall

% % Kmph Mm % % kmph mm Jan 68 41 7.1 2.6 71 36 8.7 0.0 Feb 61 35 7.1 1.1 51 25 9.3 0.0 Mar 62 32 7.7 5.3 55 16 10.1 Trace April 70 37 9.6 43.4 65 25 10.2 17.6 May 78 45 13.4 85.8 75 51 14.2 105.4 June 84 66 18.1 83.9 83 63 16.5 59.8 July 88 75 18.8 72.4 87 67 14.0 72.8 Aug 88 73 17.2 81.5 87 67 15.4 52.4 Sep 87 69 12.8 134.3 86 65 9.2 166.2 Oct 82 60 7.6 130.1 80 51 10.3 37.1 Nov 73 51 6.9 34.5 67 38 11.9 Trace Dec 72 48 7.3 7.7 62 29 9.6 0.0 Total / annual mean

76 53 11.1 695.6 72 44 11.6 511.3

Source: Meteorological Centre, Bangalore

Source: Meteorological Centre, IMD, Bangalore (1969 – 1987 at Gadag Observatory)

Figure 1. Wind Rose Diagram of Dharwad District (0830 Hrs and 1730 Hrs)

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4. Surface Water

46. The Hubli Dharward cities are mainly drained by two major river systems namely the Malaprabha in the north and the Tungabhadra in the south. The Tungabhadra river system covers about one third of the total area of the Dharwad district. The main rivers of Dharwad are the Tungabhadra, Malaprabha, Varada, Kumudvathi and the Bedthi. Even though the rainfall in this region is scanty. The rivers that originate in Western Ghats flow here and as such water resources are plenty and the land adjoining the rivers is fertile.

47. There are two main sources of water in the HDMC cities – Renukasagar Reservoir (on Malaprabha River) and Neerasagar Tank. Until recently, the former had a design capacity of 68 MLD (million litres per day), of which 41 MLD was used; the latter had a design capacity of 40.9 MLD, of which 33.5 MLD was used. Currently, Hubli-Dharwad draws about 110 MLD, although the daily requirement as per prevailing government norms is 130 MLD.

5. Groundwater

48. Top soil of the Delta region that helps in the storage of underground water is very less in this district. In places where basaltic flow is closed and in places where weathering of rocks has taken place, underground water is available. The quantity of underground water depends on the structure, type and extent of rocks and is available in plenty where soft rocks are located and available in less quantity where rocks are hard. Dharwad district has an annual renewable ground water source of about 1,24.882 hectare metre (ham) of which up to 1.1.1991 only about 23% (24.392 ham) has been exploited and 77% is still unexploited.

49. Since 1956 Hubli-Dharwad has relied on piped reservoir sources, while the rural areas have increasingly relied on boreholes. Increasing amounts of water are now being abstracted for irrigation in rural areas and many boreholes are now dry or have hard mineral waters which are bad for human health and damage some crops. In the Hubli – Dharwad urban area 40% of the water supplied by the water supply network leaks into the ground. There are no sewage treatment facilities and hence 30% of sewage goes to cesspits and then seeps into the ground. 70% of sewage enters the sewerage network where it leaks into the ground or drains into local rivers some of which is used for irrigation in rural areas.

50. According to a study conducted on the ground water quality of HDMC in 2001, it was found that additional recharge due to leakage from sewerage is diluting the ground water near the cities. If current plans for the development of the water

KUIDFC WSAPL 19


resources in HDMC are not addressed, then by 2010 there will be a dramatic increase in both ground water levels and ground water dilution within HDMC and the surrounding areas.

6. Air Quality

51. As there are no major air pollution potential sources, the air quality of the cities in general, is within acceptable limits.

7. Forest

52. The two main types of forests in this region are moist deciduous forests and thorn and scrub forests. These types of forests have plenty of timber yielding trees. It is conducive for the growth of timber yeilding trees like Rose wood, Teak, Honne, and Nandi. These forests are important from the point of view of timber. Scrub and thorn forests are also more in the district. Sandalwood and other trees yielding minor forest products. The requirements here put tremendous pressure on the limited forest resources available.

53. The average forest area in the district is about 0.04 hectares and none of them fall within the HDMC limits.

8. Flora and Fauna

54. The forest areas include big trees such as Teak, Bamboo, Banyan etc. Because of dry weather and poor soil quality trees and herbs grow sparsely. Along the roadsides Neem trees are common. In sandy soil Toddy Palm and in gardens Banana, Guava, Sapota, Mango,]ackfruit. Custard apple, Lime, Coconut and Arecanut trees grow usually.

55. The district has a very rich fauna especially in its western portion. Although the district is rich in flora and fauna, none of the sensitive environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves fall within or nearby the HDMC limits.

9. Socio Economic Characteristics

56. Demography: Hubli-Dharwad’s population has increased from 648,298 in 1991 to 786,195 in 2001, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.94 percent. The aforesaid growth is attributed primarily to an increase in the CC’s jurisdiction from 190.94 sq. km in 1991 to 202.28 sq. km in 2001. This indicates that the MC has enhanced its potential of providing services to larger area covering more population. This would also help in decongesting the old part of the town. In 2001, the density for Hubli Dharwad town was 3,887 persons per sq. km.

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination 57. Sex Ratio: The current sex ratio (female population per 1,000 male populations)

in Hubli-Dharwad is 949, which is higher than the State urban average of 940 and National urban average of 901. While the sex ratio of the Hubli-Dharwad had gradually reduced from 950 to 912 from 1901 to 1981, the sex ratio in last two decades has shown drastic improvement.

58. Economic Base: Although the economy of Dharwad district is predominantly agriculture in nature, the primary drivers of Hubli-Dharwad city’s economy are the trade and commerce, transport and service sector (mainly industrial units, government jobs). Approximately 55 percent of the city’s population is involved in tertiary sector.

59. Slums: Urban poor in Hubli-Dharwad constitute 15 percent of the city’s population. KSCB indicates that 107,000 persons reside in the city’s slums. In 2000, a survey of slums conducted by KSCB identified 114 slums in Hubli-Dharwad, out of which 94 are declared slums. There are 33 declared slums in Dharwad which house a population of 35,448 and in Hubli, 61 declared slums house a population of 71,343 persons. Slums in the twin cities are located mainly by proximity to water bodies and natural drain banks, work sites, on available patches of land along road margins, city periphery, rail tracks, and industrial area.

10. Cultural and Historic Places

60. Hubli is well known as a commercial as well as industrial centre, where as Dharwad is seat of learning. Historic in origin, there are some majestic historical monuments such as the Chandramouleshwara Temple at Unkal near Unkal Lake on the old Pune – Bangalore Highway, NH 4. This temple has been included in the list of monuments under Archaeological Survey of India., Siddharoodha Math an eminent religious institution located at the outskirts of Hubli and Banashankari Temple Amargol between Hubli and Dharwad, are other cultural sites present in this region.

61. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 and Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959 restrict activities along and the adjoining areas of protected monuments. According to Clause (2), Definitions of the Rules,

a) “Construction”, means the construction of any structure and includes additions to or alterations of an existing building.

e) “Mining operation”, means any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining minerals and includes quarrying, excavating, blasting and any operation of a like nature.

f) “Prohibited area” or “Regulated area” means an area near or adjoining a

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banashankari_Temple_Amargol


protected monument which the Central Government has, by notification in the official gazette, declared to be a prohibited area, or as the case may be , a regulated area for mining operation or construction of both”

62. According to Clause (11), License required for excavation,

“No person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorized by him in this behalf shall undertake any excavation for archaeological purpose in any protected area except under and in accordance with the terms and condition of a license granted under rule 13.”

63. From the above clauses, it is quite obvious that construction of sewer line will not come under any construction activity or mining operation, and further, the term “excavation” means the excavation for archaeological purpose; hence it is not a prohibited activity along the area adjoining to protected monuments. Sewerage system up gradation will not fall along the vicinity of Chandramouleshwara Temple and hence this act and rules are not applicable for this project.

64. Notification on Prohibited and Regulated Areas around Protected Monuments is presened as Appendix 2 and Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959 is presenetd as Appendix 3.

B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites

1. Sewerage

65. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up areas of the HDMC cities. Homes and business establishments are located along the network routes. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. Beyond the City limits, the sewer trunk main passes along agricultural lands.

66. STP Sites: STP site at Gabbur Village in Hubli is located at low lying area of the town and as a result natural drainage is towards this area. There is a nallah flowing along the side of the STP site, which will join Malaprabgha river in its downstream. This offers possibility of safe discharge of the treated effluent and ensures proper dilution of effluent discharged. About 17 acres of land in Hubli is under the possession of the ULB and which is sufficient for the proposed STP. There are no trees present at this site. The flora present mainly consists of cultivated vegetation and there are no significant fauna except lizards, frogs and rats. The baseline environmental profile of this area suit that of pristine village atmosphere. Thus the area can sustain the temporary overload of Suspended Particle Matters and other pollutants during construction without violating the

KUIDFC WSAPL 22


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prescribed norms. However during construction phase there will be temporary violations of the prescribed noise levels. Care may have to be taken to avoid increased turbidity level in the Nallah during construction phase. During operational phase, the ambient air quality is likely to be affected due to emission of gases; however the situation will be much better compared to the traditional stabilization ponds owing to the aeration facilities offered. The proposed sewer system will intercept and divert all sewage flows presently entering the Nallahs so that there will be improvement in water quality in the nallahs during operation. Water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP site is be monitored by the Contractor before starting the construction of the STP.

67. The adjacent land in a peripheral 250 m is predominantly agricultural and unoccupied whereby obtaining clearance from PCB shall not be difficult. However a proper Environment Monitoring Plan has been formulated which shall be included in the construction agreement to safe guard against any possible deterioration. The STP location for Hubli is shown in Map 4.

P (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation Initial Environmental Examination

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Map 4. Proposed STP Site in Hubli

To Hubli To Dharwad

Gabbur Village

NKUSI

KU

NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMC Initial Environmental Examination

IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

68. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact.

69. Screening of potential environmental impacts is categorized into four categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts.

i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site.

ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services.

iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production.

iv) O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

70. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). The following Table 9 shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the Duration of impact.

71. In case of sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the

KUIDFC WSAPL 25


laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area. The STP location has been selected sufficiently away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site boundary which is not expected to have any impact on existing environment or surroundings. The proposed sewerage facility does not pass through any environmentally sensitive areas.

Table 9. Screening of Impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impact)

Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S) Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P

72. The following tables provide the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of all components proposed under NKUSIP in HDMC.

Table 10. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage System Impact Description Significance

of the Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation

Responsibility Preliminary Costing

Location impacts Contamination of groundwater resources due to leaching of waste water from STP.

N/P This may not be significant as the groundwater table is deep at around 30 to 50 ft

As a precautionary measure, the bottom of the STP will be lined with concrete.

HDMC / Head Contractor

Part of Design costs

Loss of amenity and odor nuisance to neighbors.

M/P The STP location is surrounded by agricultural land. Newly developing residential areas are located at approx. 780 m. Future expansion of town may be considered

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP.

HDMC Part of Design costs

Design Impacts Discharge of partially treated sewage will have potential to pollute the nallah and agricultural fields.

N/P

This may not be significant as only treated sewage will be used for

The sewage retention period shall be fixed considering seasonal climatic variations. The effluent from the STP shall be confirmed to the following standards


KUIDFC WSAPL 26


Impact Description Significance of the Impact

Mitigation Measures Implementation Responsibility

Preliminary Costing

irrigation and treatment will be designed to meet inland surface water discharge standards which is stringer than irrigation standards.

of discharge for inland surface water disposal:

• BOD < 30 mg/l • Suspended solids

< 100 mg/l

Water supply networks may be contaminated by leakage from the sewer networks.

S/T There is a chance of drinking water supply getting polluted due to leakage from sewers, if both the pipe lines are in the same trench.

It shall be ensured during the design that the water supply and sewer lines are placed on opposite sides of roads.


Nuisance due to leakage / overflowing of sewers.

N/P Regular maintenance will nullify the impact. Usage of appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time.


Nuisance due to mosquito breeding and bad odours from STP .

M/P Newly developing residential areas are located at approx. 780 m from STP site. Considering the future expansion of the town, mitigation measure may be required.

Development of physical separation and visual screen around the facility will also address this impact. A buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created around the STP. To avoid/reduce mosquito breeding, the banks of ponds shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc.


Pollution due to improper sludge disposal methods.

M/P Sludge contaminated work area

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment

HDMC Part of O & M costs Preparation of

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Preliminary Costing

may cause health hazards.

such as gloves, boots, shall be provided to the workers. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal in low-lying areas. A sludge management plan shall be prepared.

sludge management plan (consultant time: one person week)

Construction Impacts

Inconvenience to access business, residential, schools, hospitals, places of worship and other immediate facilities for the public and impact on livelihood due to loss of access to business.

M/T The access for business and other facilities along the proposed sewer laning areas will be disturbed during construction period.

During construction period, planks / makeshift pathways should be provided along the construction areas for the public to access their requirements for residential, shopping and other facilities. Any business losses will be compensated as per the Resettlement Framework. Contractor shall deploy more work force for speedy completion of activities in these areas. Shop keepers will be informed prior to construction along the commercial areas

Head Contractor / HDMC

Part of construction cost.

Inconvenience to public during sewer laying along thick commercial areas and narrow streets; where public facilities are located.

M/T Reduced pedestrian and vehicle access to residences and businesses

Construction should be expedited in the least time frame. Activities requiring maximum access control should be done during non peak hours. Excavation along the road should be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time.

Head Contractor

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Preliminary Costing

Traffic management with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by providing adequate sign boards. Trenching and pipe laning along the traffic routes will be planned and integrated to avoid retrenching / modifying trench during pipe laning along the same lane

HDMC Head Contractor

Destruction of buildings due to vibration during construction activities.

M/P Permanent destruction of buildings

Buildings of risk will be identified prior to construction and pneumatic drilling will be avoided in these areas.

Head Contractor

Destruction of buildings due to vibration during construction activities.

Nuisance due to dust and noise; road blocking due to laying of sewer network; and, increased traffic flow due to vehicle movement for construction activities.

M/T Dust generation may be significant as the dry weather condition prevails in the town.

Construction material shall be stockpiled to minimize traffic blockages. In case of excavations for sewer lines in busy streets such as central areas of the town (market area, old town area), adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper sign board shall be provided. Considering the market and dense residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and

Head Contractor PMU, HDMC

Part of construction costs

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Preliminary Costing

therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Air and noise from construction of STP and lying /rehabilitation of sewer network activities.

M/T Sewer network will be laid all over the town including high density areas. As the proposed STP is located away from the habitation, as far as laying of sewer network is considered, the dust and noise nuisance may be considerable in the core town area and in all other areas it may be negligible.

Concrete roads where trenching is done through Pneumatic drilling will be providing fencing to avoid noise and air pollution. Construction material shall be stockpiled. Adequate arrangements for traffic diversions including erection of proper sign boards are to be done. Dust generation must be arrested by water spraying. Ensure usage of standard equipment to reduce the noise nuisance. Equipment shall comply with the noise levels of construction equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities, if any A construction site management plan

Head Contractor/HDMC

Part of construction cost

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Preliminary Costing

shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues.

Improper disposal of Bituminous waste

M/P Bituminous waste top be disposed in approved waste disposal sites.

Head Contractor


Stockpiling of excavated soil creating dust emission during windy weather and also during transportation for reusing. Plying of lorries transporting soil during peak hours and narrow / heavy traffic routes

M/T Inconvenience for public travel. Chances of accidents for motorists due to dust emission from uncovered lorries. Traffic congestion in narrow / busy corridors

The excavated soil should be removed from construction area at the earliest for beneficial reuse such as land raising / filling of excavated areas. Soil should be covered with tarpaulin sheets during transportation. Soil transporation should not be done during peak hours and should be avoid narrow and heavy traffic routes, important religious or tourist sites etc.

Head Contractor


Improper handling of excess soil

N/T Excess soil should not be piled up along the construction areas and shall be disposed in low laying areas other than water bodies

Head Contractor/HDMC

Part of Construction Cost. .

Rain / grond water collection in excavated areas.

M/T Trenching and sewer laning should be planned to be completed in seasons

Head Contractor

Part of Construction Cost.

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Preliminary Costing

other than rainy season. If ground water is collected in trenches, the water should be pumped out and opportunities for channeling to agricultural fields for irrigation should be sought.

Economic benefits if local people are employed in Contractor’s workforce

M/T Sourcing of local employers will give employment opportunities for local people and also avoid influx of labours from outside and competition for basic resources such as water, shelter, health care etc.

Contractor should employ at least 50% of workforce from local communities.


Construction along the areas near to protected monuments.

M/P Damage to protected structures.

All necessary and adequate care should be taken to minimise the impact on protected properties If articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographically or archaeologically important materials are discovered, the excavation should be stopped and the Archaeological Department should be intimated at the earliest and all the articles received during sewer laning should be handed


KUIDFC WSAPL 32




Preliminary Costing

over to ASI. HD MC should include the above instruction in the contract document

Risk for workers and public due to accidents at site.

M/T Health and Safety plan should be prepared and implementd at site and workers should be trained for safe working practices, using of machineries and immediate response at emergenecies. Construction area should be properly isolated with temporary fencing to avoid accidents to public. Construction workers should be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments and should be made compulsory to wear during working hours.

Head Contractor

Impact on construction workers during sewer laning along existing sewer / abandoned water supply network with AC pipes.

S/T AC dust can be carcinogenic if inhaled as dust particles

Train all construction personnel in dangers of AC pipes and how to recognise them in situ Develop and apply protocol if AC pipes are encountered. This should include: • Immediate

reporting of any occurrence to management

• Removal of all

persons to a safe distance

Head Contractor

KUIDFC WSAPL 33




Preliminary Costing

• Use of appropriate breathing apparatus and protective suits by workers delegated to deal with AC material

Safe removal and long-term disposal of AC material

Loss of trees during sewer laning.

N/P

No tree cutting is envisaged; each tree lost shouls be replaced with two trees. The plantation should be done at the onset of monsoon immediately after completing the construction along the identified corridor. Saplings should be provided with protective fencing and survival should be ensured by Contractor with monitoring by HDMC.

HDMC, Head Contractor.

Inconvenience to Tourist due to construction near tourist destinations or main tourist transport corridors

M/T Impact on tourst movement will affect local economy.

Project activities should be planned with due care to avoid tourist seasons.

HDMC, Head Contractor.

Impact on public due to destruction of public utilities such as water pipes, electric / telephone lines etc.

M/T The impacts on utilities will be repaired and restored in the least time frame in with the support of concerned authorities.

Head Contractor

Part of construction cost

O & M Impacts Mixing of Industrial Waste water with sewage

M/P Treatment process in the down stream will be significantly affected Health risk to the sewer workers due

The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid mixing of industrial waste stream with sewage.

KSPCB and HDMC

Part of O&M Cost

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Preliminary Costing

to toxic effluent and gases

Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals in to Sewerlines.

M/P Damage to sewer and health risk to the sewer cleaning and STP workers, negative impact on performance of STP in down stream and pollution in water bodies receiving treated effluent.

The rules and regulation will be strictly implemented to avoid discharge of hazardous chemicals in to sewers.

KSPCB and HDMC

Part of O&M Cost

Odour nuisance due to STP This impact may be considered as negligible due to location of plant site and proposed buffer provision

M/P Newly developing residential areas are located at approx. 780 m. Future expansion of town may be considered

Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the site.

HDMC Part of O & M costs

Potential pollution of stream/agricultural fields due to inadequate treatment.

N/P As the STP is designed for stream discharge standards, the impact may be minimal. However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.

Ensure the following effluent discharge standards for stream discharge:

• BOD < 30 mg/l - • Suspended solids

< 100 mg/l

HDMC N/a.

Pollution and health hazards due to improper sludge disposal methods

M/P

Quantity of sludge generation

Safe sludge handling methods shall be employed - Personal protection equipment

HDMC Part of O & M costs

KUIDFC WSAPL 35




Preliminary Costing

will not be considerable. Contaminated work area may cause health hazards.

such as gloves, boots, shall be provided. Sludge shall be dried in drying beds before its disposal. This sludge may be used as manure for non- food crops or land filled. Sludge Management Plan shall be implemented.

Nuisance due to overflowing/choking of sewers.

N/P No major water bodies and ground water is very deep. However nuisance may be considered.

Implement the mitigation measures suggested in the design stage to avoid chocking. Sewer cleaning equipments have been provided

HDMC Part of O&M Cost.

Inconvenience to public due to noise, dust, vibration and impeding acesss for short term during network repair where public facilities are located.

N/T Network repair will be conducted in time bound manner by deploying more labour force. Public will be facilitated with make shift pathways for important facilities if the repair takes long time.


Noise pollution from STP during operating periods

The STP is designed and proposed away from the habitat and hence noise generated from the STP will be negligible

Pumps should be equipped with efficient noise reducing systems. Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is to be provided for proper shielding such that operation of STP will not have nuisance to surroundings.

HDMC Part of O&M costs

Inconvenience to public due to improper disposal of silt and debris removed from sewers

M/T Silt and debris removed from sewers will cause nuisance to public, if not disposed

Silt and debris shall be collected in trucks and transported to the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Site and shall be used as covering material for the waste being landfilled.


KUIDFC WSAPL 36




Preliminary Costing

immediately. Sludge Management Plan

73. A detailed sludge management plan will be prepared as part of the DPR for the project and it shall be ensured by the ULB that it will be implemented during the operation phase of the project.

74. Sludge is to be removed from the STP once in about two years. Sludge drying bed is provided for the drying of sludge. Sludge that is drawn to the beds will contain 4 -10% solids depending upon the type of sludge.

75. Wet sludge will be applied to the beds to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. After each layer of dried sludge has been removed, the bed will be raked and leveled. Sludge will never be discharged on a bed containing dried or partially dried sludge. It is preferable to apply the sludge at least a day or two after the sludge cakes are removed.

76. The dried sludge cakes will be sold as fertilizer. Some part of the sludge will be used in the plant itself for gardening, lawns, etc., to demonstrate its fertilizer value and to develop a market value for the digested and dried sludge.

77. Records of operation of sludge drying beds will show the time and quantity of sludge drawn to each bed, the depth of loading, the depth of sludge after drying time, and the quantity of dried sludge removed. The solids content of wet digested sludge, its volatile portion and pH will be determined and recorded. Likewise the moisture content and fertilizer value in terms of NPK and presence of pathogens in dried sludge will also be analysed and recorded.

78. Sludge handling workers’ safety must be considered and safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities.

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V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

A. Institutional Requirements

79. Nodal Executing Agency (EA): Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director at the Regional office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring Investment Program implementation activities. The Executive Director at Regional Offices are Supported By Divisional Program Offices headed by Divisional Program Director, located at 4 geographical Regions; Gulbarga, Bellary, Dharwad and Belgaum. The consultant team will be under the Divisional Programme Director and will be involved in project planning, preparation of subproject and cost estimates, co ordination, technical guidance and supervision, financial control, training and overall subproject management. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the PMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore.

80. A state level Empowered Committee for investment Program with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC has been constituted and Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when needed. The committee members include Additional Chief Secretary (Committee Chair), MD of KUIDFC (Committee Secretary), Principal Secretary of the Urban Development Department, Principal Secretary of Planning Department, Secretary for municipalities and urban development authorities of Urban Development Department, secretary for expenditure of the finance department and director of Directorate of Municipal Administration.

81. Implementing Agency (IA): The ultimate implementation responsibility lies with ULB in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The programme component A, B, E will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Under the component B, for bulk water supply, Karnataka urban Water

KUIDFC WSAPL 38


Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) will be acting on behalf of ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Slum upgradation will be done through Karnataka Slum Clearance Board reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component D will be implemented through co ordination of Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Services, The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component F will be implemented through DMA and or KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director and Component G through KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director.

82. Other than the above institutional setup, District Level Programme Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional reforms. The District Level Programme Steering Committee shall consist of Deputy Commissioner of District, Divisional Program Director from concerned divisional office, Municipal Commissioners’ / Chief Officers of Investment programme ULB and President / Chair of investment programme ULB. The District Level Programme Steering Committee will be reporting to Executive Programme Director. The organization hierarchy is as presented in Figure 2.

KUIDFC WSAPL 39


Executing Agency .

Imple

Component A - Sanitation (Sewerage & Drainage) Component B – Water Supply Component C – Slum Improvement Component D –Non Municipal Infrastructure Component E - Urban Transportation Component F – Institutional Development Component G - Investment Program Assistance

Figure 2. NKUSIP

ExecutRegion

A state level Empowered Committee for investment Program

C

Water Supply Sewerage Drainage

Bulk Water Supply

Slum Clearance

Karnataka Slum Clearance Board

ULB

District Level Programme Steering Committee

KUWSDB

KUIDFC

Program Director (MD of KUIDFC)

menting Agency

Implementing Organisation Hierarchy

ive Director at al Office, Dharwad.

onsultant

Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Services, The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB

Institutional Development

DMA / KUIDFC

Lake Development, Fire Fighting

40

TechnicalAdmin Finance Social
Divisional Program Director (4 Divisional Program Office
at Bellary, Dharwad, Gulbarga & Belgaum

KUIDFC

Investment Program Assistance

WSAPL


KUIDFC WSAPL 41

83. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The responsibilities of the IA shall include (i) carrying out detailed surveys, investigations and engineering designs of individual infrastructure components; (ii) tendering, evaluating bids and awarding works, contract administration, supervision and quality control; (iii) measuring works carried out by the contractors and certifying payments; (iv) conducting public awareness campaigns and participation programs, (v) carrying out environmental assessments; (vi) obtaining all statutory environmental and other clearances as applicable for each sub-project; and (vii) preparing monthly reports. The Investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all the aforesaid activities; in the case of other IAs, the PC shall proof check designs and quality check construction quality.

84. Thus, the responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The Investment Program Consultants will assist the ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB’s Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.

85. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the Contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB (itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants) as specified in the IEE.

P (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMCInitial Environmental Examination

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NKUSI

KU

Table 11. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Program Phase

Activity Details Responsible Agency

Pre construction phase

Investment Program Categorization

Conduct Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for each sub-components using REA checklists

ULB

Reviewing the REA and assigning Investment Program category (Ea/Eb/Ec) based on NKUSIP Environmental Assessment Guidelines and ADB Guidelines

PMU

Conducting EA Conducting IEE/EIA based on the Investment Program categorization Conducting Public Consultation and information disclosure Preparation of SIEE/SEIA

Investment Program Consultants

Investment Programclearances

Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from other Government Agencies

ULB

Review of EIA/IEE Reviewing the EIA/IEE and SEIA/SIEE Reports to ensure compliance of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same

PMU

Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure -SIEE/SEIA reports should be made available to the public, and on request IEE/EIA also made available.

ULB

Incorporation ofmitigation measures into Investment Program design

Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA in Investment Program design and in contract documents.


Review of design documents

Review of design and contractual documents for compliance of mitigation measures

PMU

Construction Phase

Implementation of mitigation measures

Implementation of necessary mitigation measures Contractor

EnvironmentalMonitoring

Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan during construction stage; monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures


Preparation of progress reports

Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures

ULB in assistance of

P (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMCInitial Environmental Examination

IDFC WSAPL 43

Investment Program Phase

Activity Details Responsible Agency

NKUSI

KU

PC Review of progress

reports PMU to review the progress reports, consolidate and send to ADB review

PMU

Operation Stage

Environmental Monitoring

Conducting environmental monitoring, as specified in the environmental monitoring plan.

ULB

Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring to review the environmental performance of sub-project component, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan

KSPCB


B. Training Needs

86. As described in the above table the PMU will involve in monitoring the Investment Program implementation while the ULB will implement the Investment Program. It is therefore important that these agencies and particularly the officials involved in the Investment Program to have understanding of the ADB’s environmental assessment procedures and also of environmental issues of various urban infrastructure components. As far as implementation of mitigation measures on site is concerned the Contractor will be involved. Hence, it is important to orient the contractors and supervisory staff towards the implementation of mitigation measures and their consequences. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the following training program is suggested. The following Table 12 presents the suggested training program.

Table 12. Training Needs (2008 – 2016) Description Contents Schedule Participants Program 1 Orientation Program / Workshop for and Implementing Agency and Executing Agency

Module 1 – Orientation • Investment Program Cycle

of NKUSIP • ADBs Environmental

Assessment Guidelines • EA requirements of NKUSIP • Indian Environmental Laws

& Regulations relating to urban infrastructure Investment Program

• Environmental impacts of urban infrastructure Investment Programs

Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process • Investment Program

categorization as per ADB • IEE/EIA process, Formats

and Reports • Identification of

Environmental Impacts • Identification Mitigation

Measures • Formulation of

Environmental Management Plan

• Implementation and

2 days

• PMU officials involved in the Investment Program

• ULB officials involved in Investment Program implementation

KUIDFC WSAPL 44


KUIDFC WSAPL 45

Description Contents Schedule Participants Monitoring

• Summary EIA/IEEs • Review of EIA/IEE reports

to comply with ADB requirements

• Incorporation of mitigating measures in the Investment Program design and contracts

Program - 2 Orientation Program / Workshop for Contractors and Supervisory staff

Module 1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures • Environmental issues

related urban infrastructure Investment Programs during construction

• Implementation of mitigation measures

• Monitoring of implementation

1 day

• Contractors involved in NKUSIP

• Supervisory staff of ULB

Program - 3 Experience Sharing

Module – Experiences and Best Practices • Experiences on

implementation in terms of environmental concerns of implemented Investment Programs

• Best Practices followed

1 day (every alternative year from the start of Investment Program, i.e. 2008)

• PMU officials

• ULB officials • Local NGOs

87. The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for sewerage component in Hubli. The monitoring program has been developed based on the impacts identified on various environmental parameters in the earlier section.

C. Environmental Monitoring Plans

NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMC Initial Environmental Examination Table 13. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System

Mitigation Activities / Measures & Parameters to be Monitored

Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation/ Monitoring

Responsibility A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and mitigation measures - Incorporation of mitigation measures into the bidding and civil contract documents

N.A. Verification of contract documents One-off inspection before signing of the contract

PMU

All designs of components include proper consideration of environment (i.e., water and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management)

N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final design phase

Program Consultants (PC)

Design of occupational safety measures N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final design phase

PC

Training programs for staff by consultants N.A. As needed before and during implementation

PC

Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate monitoring of gas may not be possible due to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall be designed considering worker/s safety.

Sewer pipes and Manholes

Gas monitoring in the sewerage network

Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB with the assistance of Program consultants

All location and design related mitigation measures to mitigate loss of amenity and nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate design of process and layout is required.

N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the design including air dispersion modeling for STP site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents

One-off inspection of designs

PMU/ULB/ Program consultants

Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture

STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

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Responsibility B. Construction Stage Monitoring Monitoring of water quality of the nallah flowing adjacent to the STP site.

STP site One time grab sampling once Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

All construction related mitigation measures; Construction site management plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and road blocks

N.A. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the contract documents Verification of contract documents before signing the contract

One-off inspection of contract document

PMU

Implementation of Construction site management plan: dust and noise nuisance at site; and traffic maintenance

Sewer laying sites and surroundings

Monitoring of air quality and noise is not required. The implementation of mitigation measures (usage of standard equipment complying with CPCB Noise Standards for construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured.

Weekly Contractor and ULB with the assistance of Investment Program Consultants

Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, land raising, infill)

All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when transported on trucks

All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Avoidance of narrow local roads when transporting soil

From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Avoidance of transporting soil during peak traffic periods

From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil Inhabited Site observations Weekly Contractor/

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Responsibility in dry weather areas PMU/ULB/PC Conduction of all excavation work in the dry season

All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Pumping groundwater from excavated areas and provide to farmers

STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Leaving spaces for access between mounds of soil

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Provision for planks/walkways to allow people & vehicles to cross open trenches

Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Plantation and maintenance of two trees for every one removed

All sites Observations on/off site; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

*Compensation for businesses for lost income

Where required

Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to finish work quickly

Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Advance information to shopkeepers and residents of work

Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Confirmation of location of infrastructure and avoid these sites

Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Location of water and sewer pipes on opposite sides of roads


Integration of subprojects to conduct trenching at same time


Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

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Responsibility Ensuring that police provide traffic diversions when required


Proper planning for transport routes to avoid narrow streets, important or fragile buildings, religious and tourism sites

Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Proper planning of work to avoid peak traffic and main festival/tourism season


Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near buildings at risk from vibration

Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Usage of modern vehicles and machinery and proper maintenance as specified


Consultation with authorities, custodians of buildings, communities to address key issues and avoid working at sensitive times

Network sites Site observations; CC records; resident surveys

Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Preparation and implementation of a site H&S Plan (safety of workers/public)


Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Ensuring that workers wear Personal Protective Equipment


Provision for Health and Safety training for all personnel

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Following of documented procedures for all site activities


Maintenance of accident reports and records All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

Employ at least 50% of workforce from communities near sites

All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC

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49




Responsibility C. Operation Stage Monitoring Baseline water quality Nallah flowing

adjacent to the STP

Water quality testing for parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, coliforms, etc.


ULB

Clogging of drains Sewer network sites

Proper maintenance with periodical cleaning or scrapping of drains or de-silting/de-weeding, etc.


ULB

Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas monitoring

Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage network


ULB

Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage System

STP and Sewer network

Proper operation and Maintenance of the Sewerage and STP system. Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across STP. Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site.

Regular/routine –daily maintenance

ULB

Check for contamination of ground water /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage i) Influent wastewater quality

Inlet of STP

- Analysis of Wastewater characteristics including heavy metals such as Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), Chromium (as Cr),

- Monthly once as part of Plant operation

ULB

KUIDFC WSAPL

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Responsibility Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni)

ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet discharge point of STP

Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater characteristics to comply with PCB disposal standards: BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l

Seasonal (four seasons) as third party monitoring

ULB

Implementation of Sludge Management Plan - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling -Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling

N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB

Emergency plan for Power supply management to minimize risks on the receiving waters

Pumping Station and STP

Under emergency situations such as power failure in the pumping stations, diesel operated generators have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be

Whenever there is power (regular supply) failure

ULB

bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained.

Detection and repairing of sewer leaks rapidly and effectively

Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB

Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB

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Responsibility fertilize land Advance information of work to shopkeepers and residents

Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB

Provision of walkways/planks for public and vehicles


Requesting police to divert traffic if necessary

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy vehicles near fragile buildings

Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB

Completion of work quickly in sensitive areas

Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Consultation with communities to avoid working during sensitive periods


Preparation and operation of H&S plan to protect workers and citizens

All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB

Economic benefits to local people - STP workers should be residents of neighbouring areas

STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB

Survey of chemical and bacteriological quality of STP effluent

STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years

ULB

Survey of public health and incidence of water borne disease

HDMC area Hospital records; resident surveys Annual for 6 years ULB

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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMC Initial Environmental Examination Table 14. Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility 1. Construction Stage Sewerage System

All construction sites

Trenching and laying of pipe lines Handling of equipments and machines Loading, transportation and unloading of equipments / construction materials

Respiratory problems due to dust, accidents due to traffic problems, loading and unloading, and stock piling causing injuries or death

Providing personal protective equipments such as helmet, mask, boots, gloves, etc. Traffic Management and Construction site access control Providing first aid and safety training to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records

Daily inspection throughout construction stage. Monthly inspection of accident reports and complaints register

Contractor, PMU and ULB

2. Operation Stage Sewerage System

Sewer networks and STP site

Repair work and de-silting Sewer cleaning –

Eye irritation, Respiratory problems and skin problems

Providing personal protective equipments such as

Monthly inspection of operation and

ULB

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53

NKUSI

KU

P (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMC Initial Environmental Examination

IDFC WSAPL 54

Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility sewage mixed with hazardous materials and industrial waste Treating ground water contamination

such as allergy and injuries

mask, boots, gloves, etc. Immediate medical attention and first aid

Gas monitoring in sewer pipes

Respiratory problems – allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc.

First aid and awareness training to staff

maintenance; and accident records

Chlorine Handling Handling of chemicals other than Chlorine Sludge handling

Eye irritation, Respiratory problems - allergy, nausea, asphyxia, etc. and skin problems

Storage of chemicals in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area in tightly sealed containers Training to operators for safe handling of chemicals Installation of safety showers and eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff

Monthly inspection of operation and maintenance records Monthly health check-up for workers Maintenance of accident reports and records

ULB


D. Cost Estimates of Environmental Monitoring Plan

88. A preliminary cost estimate has been made for implementation of proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan for NKUSIP program in HDMC, which is presented in Table 15, below.

Table 15. Block Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring Plan.

Sl.No Item Sampling Method / Frequency of Monitoring

Cost per Annum (Rs)

1. Water quality monitoring during operation period 1.1. Water quality of the nallah flowing

adjacent to the STP@ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once 5,000.00

2. Water quality monitoring during operation period 2.1. Sewage quality at the inlet of STP @

approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in a month

60,000.00

2.2. Treated sewage quality monitoring at the outlet of STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in a month

60,000.00

2.3. Treated sewage quality monitoring by third party @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in four season per year

20,000.00

3. Sludge quality monitoring @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis.

Grab sample / Once in two years

2,500.00

Total 147,500.00 89. Cost of training programs will be part of the capacity enhancement program of

NKUSIP.

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VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

90. A two tier consultation process was adopted for NKUSIP for information disclosure and making all the concerned people involved in the project. Institutional consultations were conducted with the Governmental Departments such as Planning Department, Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board, Urban Local Bodies, etc. Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation has resolved to adopt the CAS Technology for HDMC as it suits the requirements of the ULB.

91. Public consultation involved focus group discussions were conducted on 16.04.’09 and 17.04.’09. The people residing along the project activity areas were consulted during topographical surveys and site visits and due discussions were made regarding the proposals. It was observed that people are willing to extend their co operation as the proposed activities are supposed to enhance the living standard of the public. Issues raised during public consultation are presented in Table 16.

Table 16. Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Hubli Sl.No Issues Raised during Focus

Group Discussion Mitigation Measures

1. Operation and Maintenance of STP. Ill maintenance will result in nuisance to public through odour, mosquito and result in public health risk.

STP will be maintained properly by HDMC with a trail run for one month by the contractor and during the trial run the labours of HDMC will be trained for the satisfactorily operation and maintenance of the system.

2. Impact on receiving water bodies during shut down for operation and maintenance of the system at regular intervals.

The shut down of the system for maintenance will be done in modules such that there will not be total system shut down which will have severe impact on receiving water bodies.

3. Impact on land values due to proximity to STP site.

The visual screens, landscaping and proper operation and maintenance of the system will nullify the impact on the surrounding due to STP operation; hence there will have negligible impact on land values of surrounding areas.

KUIDFC WSAPL 56

NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Hubli-Dharwad CMC Initial Environmental Examination B. Redress of Grievances

92. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the grievance redress committee (GRC) established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process.

93. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns, including Bijapur. In addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance Redress was included as additional function vide GO: No N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns. Hence, a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.

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VII. FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Findings

Based on the screening of environmental impacts, all the proposed sub-project components in Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation are found to be environmentally acceptable and therefore able to proceed to the implementation phase. In most cases, particular environmental issues identified are those that are typical for the type of component, and a range of proven mitigation strategies exist to address them. Table 17 indicates the environmental consideration of the proposed infrastructure components. Table 17. Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components Infrastructure Component

Environmental Impact Issue Environmental Mitigations

Sewage treatment plant and sewerage upgradation

• Sludge handling and disposal • Construction and operation

impacts

Appropriate mitigation measures as suggested

94. As described above, most impacts are relevant to typical construction and operation. The important sets of mitigation measures, which are relevant to most of the components, include preparation of activity plans using appropriate mitigation measures identified in the earlier sections. These activity plans include:

i) Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (to address sludge handling and disposal impacts at the STP).

ii) Health Risk Plan (to address the health related impacts of the STP workers and Sanitary workers)

95. These activity plans should be prepared by the ULB associated by Investment Program Consultant as compendium of the relevant mitigation measures identified in earlier section. They should form part of the contractual arrangements with construction contractors, or directly implemented by the ULB as facility operator, as required ‘ Work Practices’.

B. Recommendations

96. It is recommended that the PMU should be involved in monitoring the implementation of those components that are critical to acceptable environmental performance of the component. Owing to the location of proposed facilities and geographical setting of the town/region as a whole, no major impacts envisaged

KUIDFC WSAPL 58


from any of the proposed sub-component Investment Programs in HDMC. In view of this importance, the PMU is delegated with the monitoring responsibility of the design stage to ensure the environmental sustainability of the NKUSIP.

KUIDFC WSAPL 59


VIII. CONCLUSIONS

97. It may be emphasized that, owning to: (i) scale of activity, (ii) location of the proposed sub-project component, and (iii) ‘no environmental sensitivity’ of the sub-project town, none of the components required to go through the process of EIA. It may be emphasized that the present IEE, which identifies potential impacts and suggests appropriate mitigation measures, is sufficient enough to safeguard the environment. There are no significant adverse impacts, which are irreversible or may lead to considerable loss/destruction of environment, envisaged. All the impacts are simple and moreover proven mitigation measures exists to minimize/mitigate the same. Hence, no further study such as an EIA is required.

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APPENDICES

KUIDFC WSAPL 61


Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a

Regional Department. This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions

are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.

Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:

SCREENING QUESTIB. Project Siting Is the project area Densely populated?

Heavy with developm Adjacent to or withinsensitive areas?

• Cultural heritag

• Protected Area

• Wetland

• Mangrove

SEWAGE TREATMENT

KUIDFC

India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program

ONS Yes No REMARKS

√

ent activities? √

any environmentally

e site √ Chandramowleswara Temple located near to Unkal lake is a protected monument; but no impact on the protected structure is anticipated as the sewer laning is only along the existing road.

√

√

√

Urban Development

WSAPL 62


SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS • Estuarine

√

• Buffer zone of protected area

√

• Special area for protecting biodiversity

√

• Bay

√

A. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

Impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites?

√ The sewer network will be laid along the existing road network which will not encroach in to protected monument so the activity will not pose any damage to monuments.

Interference with other utilities and blocking of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, etc.?

√ During the construction stage of underground sewer lines, traffic and human activities will be temporarily interfered along with pollution due to dust generation and noise due to operation of construction machineries. Traffic management plan with proper sign boards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up have been suggested.

dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

√ No land acquisition is required for project implementation so there is no resettlement of people.

Impairment of downstream water quality due to inadequate sewage treatment or release of untreated sewage?

√ The proposed system is designed to meet the discharge norms of Inland Surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that the STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and also no industrial waste / effluents should discharge to sewer lines which will affect treatment.

Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties with raw sewage?

√ Periodic maintenance of sewer lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.

KUIDFC WSAPL 63


SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Environmental pollution due to inadequate sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges illegally disposed in sewers?

√ Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the KSPCB and Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged to the sewer lines.

Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

√ It is suggested in EMP that all construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board.

Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, resulting in damage to sewer system and danger to workers?

√ It is suggested in EMP that KSPCB and Hubli Dharwad Municipal Corporation has to ensure that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged in to sewer lines.

Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances, and protect facilities?

√ Buffer zone with screens and landscaping is suggested to provide proper shielding such that operation of STP will not have nuisance to surroundings.

Social conflicts between construction workers from other areas and community workers?

√ The local labour force will be utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase.

Road blocking and temporary flooding due to land excavation during the rainy season?

√ Road blocking and Traffic re routing will be required during construction stage of sewer .lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the project.

Noise and dust from construction activities?

√ It is suggested in the EMP that all the construction machineries should comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Sprinkling of water should be done along the construction area for dust suppression.

KUIDFC WSAPL 64


SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Traffic disturbances due to construction material transport and wastes?

√ Traffic management with re routing of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material / waste transport.

Temporary silt runoff due to construction?

√ The construction waste water will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate water quality of discharging courses.

Hazards to public health due to overflow flooding, and groundwater pollution due to failure of sewerage system?

√ Regular maintenances of sewer line have to be carried out to avoid over flow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for groundwater pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (30-50 feet )

Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated sewage water?

√ Sludge from Cyclic Activated Sludge Sewage Treatment Plant has to be removed at regular intervals to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and there by deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated.

Contamination of surface and ground waters due to sludge disposal on land?

√ Sludge should be disposed off only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geosynthetic lining such that it will not leach to the nearby water courses / land and pollute environment.

Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic gases and hazardous materials which may be contained in sewage flow and exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge?

√ Mixing of hazardous / industrial effluents with sewage may result in toxic gas formation in sewer and STP which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided protective measures such as boots, masks etc to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge.

KUIDFC WSAPL 65

Appendix 2. Notification on Prohibited and Regulated Areas around

Protected Monuments

31

THE GAZETTE OF INDIA

DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE (ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA)

NEW DELHI, THE 16TH JUNE 1992 (ARCHAEOLOGY)

S.O.1764.—Whereas by the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Culture, Archaeological Survey of India no. S.O. 1447 dated the 15th May 1991, published in the Gazette of India, part II, Section 3, sub-section (ii) dated the 25th May 1991, the Central Government gave one month’s notice of its intention to declare areas upto 100 meters from the protected limits and further beyond it upto 200 meters near or adjoining protected monuments to be prohibited and regulated areas respectively for purposes of both mining operation and construction; And whereas the said Gazette was made available to the public on the 5th June 1991: And whereas objections to the making of such declaration received from the person interested in the said areas have been considered by the Central Government. Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by rule 32 of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959, the Central Government hereby declares the said areas to be prohibited and regulated areas. This shall be in addition to and not in any way prejudice to similar declarations already made in respect of monuments at Fatehpur Sikri; Mamallapuram; Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh; Thousand Pillared Temple, Hanamkonda, district Warangal, Andhra Pradesh; Sher Shah’s Tomb, Sasaram, Bihar; Rock Edict of Ashoka, Kopbal, district Raichur, Karnataka; Fort Wall, Bijapur, Karnataka; Gomateswara Statue at Sravanabelagola, district Hassan, Karnataka; Elephanata Caves, Gharapuri, district Kolaba, Maharashtra.

[No. F. 8/2/90-M] M.C. JOSHI,

Director General.

Appendix 3. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959

THE GAZETTE OF INDIA

EXTRAORDINARY PART II-SECTION 3 – SUB-SECTION (ii)

PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY ********

NEW DELHI, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1959/ASVINA 23, 1881 ********

MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS

NOTIFICATIONS

NEW DELHI, THE 15TH OCTOBER, 1959

S.O. 2306.- In exercise of the powers conferred by section 38 of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sires and Remains Act, 1958 (24 of 1958), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules, the same having been previously published in the Gazette of India, Part II-Section 3-Sub-Section (ii), dated the 8th August, 1959, as required by sub-section (1) of the said section.

ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND REMAINS RULES 1959

CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1. Short title, date and commencement: (1) These rules may be called the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959.

(2) They extend to the whole of India, but rules 24, 25, 27, 28, 29 and 30 shall not apply to

the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (3) They shall come into force on the 15th day of October, 1959.1

1. Definitions.—In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires.—

(a) “construction” means the construction of any structure and includes additions to or alterations of an existing building;

(b) “copying”, together with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means

the preparation of copies by drawing or by photography or by mould or by squeezing and includes the preparation of a cinematographic film 2[and video film] with the aid of a hand-camera which is capable of taking films of not more than eight millimeters and which does not require the use of a stand or involve any special previous arrangement;

1 Vide S.O. 2307, dated 15.10.1959 2 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991

2

(c) “filming”, together with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means

the preparation of a cinematographic film 1[including video film] with the aid of a camera which is capable of taking films of more than eight millimeters and which requires the use of a stand or involves other special previous arrangements;

(d) “form” means a form set out in the Third Schedule; (e) “mining operation” means any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining

minerals and includes quarrying, excavating, blasting and any operation of a like nature;

(f) “prohibited area” or “regulated area” means an area near or adjoining a protected

monument which the Central Government has, by notification in the Official Gazette, declared to be a prohibited area, or, as the case may be, a regulated area, for purposes of mining operation or construction or both;

(g) “Schedule” means a Schedule to these rules; and (h) “section” means a section of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and

Remains Act, 1958 (24 of 1958).

CHAPTER II ACCESS TO PROTECTED MONUMENTS

3. Monuments governed by agreement.—(1) Access to protected monuments in respect of

which an agreement has been entered into between the owner and the Central Government under section 6, or in respect of which an order has been made by that Government under section 9, shall be governed by the provisions of the agreement or, as the case may be, the order; and nothing in rules 4, 5, 6 or 7 shall be construed as affecting any such agreement or order.

(2) A copy of the relevant provisions of every such agreement or order shall be exhibited in

a conspicuous part of the monument concerned.

4. Parts of monuments not open.—The Director-General may, by order, direct that 2[any protected monument or any specified part thereof] shall not be open, permanently or for a specified period, to any person other than an archaeological officer, his agents, subordinates and workmen and any other Government servant on duty at such part.

5. Monuments when kept open.--(1) The protected monument specified in the First Schedule

shall remain open during the hours specified against them in that schedule; protected monuments which are not so specified and to which neither rule 3 nor rule 4 applied shall remain open from sunrise to sunset:

3[Provided that an archaeological officer, or any officer of the Archaeological Survey of India authorised by him in this behalf may, by notice to be exhibited in a conspicuous part of a protected monument, direct that a protected monument or part thereof shall.—

(i) Be kept open beyond the said period; or

1 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991 2 Vide GSR 800 (E), dated 17.10.2000 with effect from 28.10.2000 3 Vide S.O. 5002, dated 13.12.1969

3

(ii) Be closed temporarily for such period as may be specified by the notice].

(2) Nothing in this rule or in rule 6 shall apply to an archaeological officer, his agents, subordinates and workmen or to any other Government servant on duty at a protected monument.

6. Entrance fee.— 1[No person above the age of fifteen years shall enter any protected monument or part thereof.—

(a) Specified as category A monuments in Part I of the Second Schedule, 2[except on payment as follows:

(i) Citizens of India – Rs. 10/- per head; (ii) Others - 3[[US $ 5 or Indian Rs. 250/-]] per head.]

(b) Specified as category B monuments in Part II of the Second Schedule, 2[except on payment as follows;

(i) Citizens of India – Rs. 5/- per head; (ii) Others - 3[[US $ 2 or Indian Rs. 100/-]] per head.]

4[* * *] 5[Provided further that an archaeological officer, or any officer of the

Archaeological Survey of India authorised by him in this behalf may exempt, members of delegations sponsored by the Central Government or a State Government, State Guest and persons accompanying such delegations or guest, from the payment of such fee.]

6[Provided also that the Director-General may, by order, direct that, on such occasions and for such periods as may be specified in the order, no fee shall be charged for entry into a protected monument or part thereof.]

7. Holding of meetings, etc., in monuments.—(1) No protected monument shall be used for the purpose of holding any meeting, reception, party, conference or entertainment except under and in accordance with a permission in writing granted by the Central Government. (2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to any meeting, reception, party, conference or

entertainment, which is held in pursuance of a recognized religious usage or custom.

8. Prohibition of certain acts within monuments.—No person shall, within a protected monument,--

1 Vide GSR 688(E), dated 24.09.2001, w.e.f. 1.10.2001. 2 Vide GSR 800(E), dated 17.10.2000, w.e.f. 28.10.2000. 3 Vide GSR 688(E), dated 24.09.2001, w.e.f. 1.10.2001. 4 Word “Provided that on every Friday, no such fee shall be charged”. Omitted by GSR 848(E) dated 3.11.2000. w.e.f. 3.11.2000. 5 Vide S.O. 3520, dated 20.11.1966. 6 Vide S.O. 5002, dated 13.12.1969.

4

(a) do any act which causes or is likely to cause damage or injury to any part of the monument; or

(b) discharge any fire-arms; or

(c) cook or consume food except in areas, if any, permitted to be used for that purpose; or

(d) 1[hawk or sell any goods or wares or canvas any custom for such goods or wares or

display any advertisement in any form or show a visitor round or take his photograph for monetary consideration, except under the authority of, or under, and in accordance with the conditions of, a licence granted by an archaeological officer;]

(e) beg for alms; or

(f) violate any practice, usage or custom applicable to or observed in the monument; or

(g) bring, for any purpose other than the maintenance of the monument,

(i) any animal, or (ii) any vehicle except in areas reserved for the parking thereof.

9. Penalty.—Whoever— (i) unlawfully enters any protected monument or part thereof at a time

when, under these rules, it is not to be kept open, or (ii) unlawfully enters any protected monument in respect of which an

order has been made under rule 5, or

(iii) contravenes of any of the provisions of rule 6 or rule 7 or rule 8,

shall be punishable with fine which may be extended to five hundred rupees.

CHAPTER III CONSTRUCTION AND OTHER OPERATIONS

IN PROTECTED AREAS 10. Permission required for construction, etc.—(1) No person shall undertake any

construction or mining operation within a protected area except under and in accordance with a permission granted in this behalf by the Central Government.

(2) Every application for permission under sub-rule (1) shall be made to the Central

Government in Form-I at least three months before the date of commencement of the construction or operation.

11. Licence required for excavation.—No person other than an archaeological officer or an

officer authorised by him in this behalf shall undertake any excavation for archaeological purposes in any protected area except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 13.

1 Vide S.O. 935, dated 16.02.1971.

5

12. Application for licence.—Every application for a licence shall be in Form-II and be made to the Director-General at least three months before the proposed date of the commencement of the excavation operations.

13. Grant or refusal of licence.—(1) On receipt of an application under rule 12, the Director-

General may grant a licence in Form-III if he is satisfied that, having regard to the status of the applicant, the competence of the director of excavation operations, the adequacy of the staff to be employed and other relevant factors, the licence may be granted to the applicant:

Provided that no licence shall be granted unless the applicant has furnished security

of such amount not exceeding rupees ten thousand as the Director-General may, having regard to the circumstances of each case, require.

(2) The Director-General, by order, may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, refuse to grant a licence in any particular case.

14. Period of licence,--Every licence shall be in force for such period not exceeding three years

as may be specified in the licence:

Provided that the Director-General may, on application made to him at least one month before the expiry of a licence, extend its period by one year at a time so that the aggregate period does not exceed five years.

15. Cancellation of licence,--The Director-General may, by order, cancel a licence granted under rule 13 if he is satisfied that the conduct of the excavation operations has not been satisfactory or in accordance with the conditions of the licence, or if any further security demanded under rule 18 has not been deposited within the specified time:

Provided that no licence shall be cancelled unless the licensee has been given an

opportunity to make his objections.

16. Conditions of licence,--Every licence shall be subject to the following conditions, namely:

(a) the licence shall not be transferable; (b) the licensee shall give to the Director-General, the Collector and the owner of the

land to be excavated at least fifteen days’ notice in writing of the commencement of the excavation operations;

(c) the licensee shall produce the licence before the District Magistrate or the District

Superintendent of Police concerned or an archaeological officer, if so required; (d) the excavation operations shall be conducted under the supervision of the director

named in the licence who shall be present at the excavation operations for at least three-fourths of the period of the operations;

(e) the licensee shall not, without the permission of the Director-General, dismantle or disturb

any structures found during the excavation operations and shall make adequate arrangements for the safety of such structures and of the excavated antiquities till they are taken charge of by the Director-General;

(f) The licensee shall not subject any antiquities recovered during the excavation operations

to any chemical or electrolytic process of cleaning without the written permission of the Director-General;

6

(g) An archaeological officer or his representative may inspect the excavation operations or any antiquities recovered during the operations and make notes on or copy or film the excavated structures and antiquities;

(h) The licensee shall not discontinue the excavation operations unless he has given at least

fifteen days’ notice in writing to the Director-General;

(i) At the conclusion of the excavation operations, the licensee shall give notice in writing to the owner of the land specifying the nature of the antiquities, if any, recovered during the operations;

(j) The licensee shall, within three months of the completion of the excavation operations,

submit to the Director General a summary report of the results of the excavation, and where the operations are carried on for a period of more than three months such report shall be submitted every quarter, and it shall be open to the Director-General to publish the report in his reports or reviews; and

(k) The licensee shall as soon as practicable submit a report in Form IV to the Central

Government through the Director General on the antiquities recovered during the excavation operations.

17. Recovery from security.—The Director-General may, by order, direct the deduction, from

the security furnished by a licensee under rule 13, of—

(a) the value of any antiquities recovered during the excavation operations and lost or destroyed while in the custody of the licensee; and

(b) any compensation payable by the Central Government under section 27 to the owner or

occupier of the land excavated by the licensee. 18. Demand of further security.—Where during the currency of a licence, any amount has

been recovered under rule 17, the Director-General may require the licensee, within such time as he may specify, to deposit such further sum as security as is equivalent to the amount so recovered.

19. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director-General under rule 13 or rule 15

or rule 17 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.

20. Return of security.—On expiration or earlier cancellation of a licence, the security deposited

by the licensee or the balance thereof remaining after deduction of any amount under rule 17 shall be returned to him.

21. Publication of the result of excavation.—Save as otherwise provided in rule 16, the

Director-General shall not, without the consent of the licensee, publish the results of the excavation unless the licensee has failed to publish the results within the period specified by the Director-General in this behalf.

22. Retention of antiquities by licensee.—The Central Government may, by order, subject to

such terms and conditions as may be specified, permit the licensee to retain such of the antiquities recovered during the excavation operations as may be specified therein:

7

Provided that human relics of historical importance and antiquities, which, in the opinion of the Central Government, are of national importance, shall not be permitted to be retained by the licensee.

23. Penalty.—Whoever—

(i) unlawfully undertakes any excavation for archaeological purposes in any protected area, or

(ii) contravenes any of the conditions of a licence,

shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees.

CHAPTER IV EXCAVATION IN UNPROTECTED AREAS

24. Intimation to the Central Government.—Every State Government intending to undertake or

authorize any person to undertake any archaeological excavation or other like operation in any area which is not a protected area shall intimate its intention to the Central Government at least three months prior to the proposed date of the commencement of the excavation or operation specifying the following details, namely,—

(i) name, location and other details of the site; (ii) nature of antiquities previously found; (iii) details of previous explorations, if any; (iv) purpose of the excavation or operation; (v) proposed extent of the excavation or operation (a plan of the site in triplicate

showing in red outline the extent of the proposed excavation or operation should be attached);

(vi) proposed duration of the excavation or operation; (vii) amount of the proposed expenditure on the excavation or operation; and (viii) name and status of the director of the excavation or operation.

25. Approval by the Central Government.—After considering the proposal, the Central

Government may either approve it or advise the State Government to modify it or to abandon it altogether.

26. Deputation of an archaeological officer.—The Central Government may depute an

archaeological officer to inspect the excavation or operation while it is in progress and render such advise as he deems necessary.

CHAPTER V REPORT ON EXCAVATED ANTIQUITIES

BY AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL OFFICER

27. Form of report by an archaeological officer.—Where, as a result of an excavation made by an archaeological officer in any area under section 21 or 22 any antiquities are

8

discovered, the archaeological officer shall, as soon as practicable, submit a report in Form V to the Central Government through the Director-General on the antiquities recovered during the excavation.

CHAPTER VI

MOVING OF ANTIQUITIES FROM CERTAIN AREAS

28. Application for moving antiquities.—Every application for permission to move any antiquities or any class of antiquities in respect of which a notification has been issued under sub-section (1) of section 25 shall be made in Form-VI to the Director-General at least three months before the proposed date of the moving.

29. Grant of refusal of permission.—On receipt of an application under rule 28, the Director-

General may, after making such enquiry as be may deem necessary, grant permission for the moving of all or any of the antiquities or, for reasons to be recorded, refuse such permission.

30. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director General under rule 29 may prefer

an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.

CHAPTER VII

MINING OPERATION AND CONSTRUCTION NEAR PROTECTED MONUMENTS

31. Notice of intention to declare a prohibited or regulated area.--(1) Before declaring an

area near or adjoining a protected monument to be a prohibited area or a regulated area for purposes of mining operation or construction or both, the Central Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, give one month’s notice of its intention to do so; and a copy of such notification shall be affixed in a conspicuous place near the area.

(2) Every such notification shall specify the limits of the area which is to be so declared and

shall also call for objections, if any, from interested persons.

32. Declaration of prohibited or regulated area.—After the expiry of one month from the date of the notification under rule 31 and after considering the objections, if any, received within the said period, the Central Government may declare, by notification in the Official Gazette, the area specified in the notification under rule 31, or any part of such area, to be a prohibited area, or, as the case maybe, a regulated area for purposes of mining operation or construction or both.

33. Effect of declaration of prohibited or regulated area.—No person other than an

archaeological officer shall undertake any mining operation or any construction—

(a) in a prohibited area, or (b) in a regulated area, except under and in accordance with the terms and

conditions of a licence granted by the Director-General.

34. Application for licence.—Every person intending to undertake any mining operation or any construction in a regulated area shall apply to the Director-General in Form VII at least three months before the date of commencement of such operation or construction.

9

35. Grant or refusal of licence.—(1) On receipt of an application under rule 34, the Director General may grant a licence or, if he is satisfied that the licence asked for should not be granted, may, for reasons to be recorded, refuse to grant a licence.

(2) Every licence granted under sub-rule (1) shall be in Form VIII and be subject to the

following conditions, namely:-

(a) the licence shall not be transferable; (b) it shall be valid for the period specified therein; and

(c) any other condition relating to the manner of carrying out the mining operation or

the construction which the Director-General may specify in the licence for ensuring the safety and appearance of, and the maintenance of the approach and access to, the protected monument.

36. Cancellation of licence.—The Director-General may, by order, cancel a licence granted

under rule 35 if he is satisfied that any of its conditions has been violated:

Provided that no licence shall be cancelled unless the licensee has been given an opportunity to make his objections.

37. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director-General made under rule 35 or rule 36 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.

38. Removal of unauthorized buildings.—(1) The Central Government may, by order, direct

the owner or occupier of an unauthorized building in a prohibited area or in a regulated area or of a building or part thereof which has been constructed in contravention of any of the conditions of a licence granted under rule 35 to remove such building or part thereof within a period specified in that order.

(2) If the owner or occupier refuses or fails to comply with an order made under sub-rule (1),

the Central Government may direct the District Magistrate to cause the building or part thereof to be removed, and the owner or occupier shall be liable to pay the cost of such removal.

39. Penalty. —Whoever—

(i) unlawfully undertakes any mining operation or construction in a prohibited area or in a regulated area, or

(ii) contravenes any of the conditions of a licence, or (iii) fails or refuses to comply with an order made under sub-rule (1) of rule 38,

shall be punishable with imprisonment, which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both.

CHAPTER VIII COPYING AND FILMING OF PROTECTED MONUMENTS

40. Permission required for copying certain monuments.—The Director General may, by

order, direct that no person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorized by an archaeological officer in this behalf shall copy any specified monument or part thereof except

10

under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permission in writing by an archaeological officer.

41. Conditions of copying other monuments.—(1) Any person may copy a protected

monument in respect of which no order under rule 40 has been made.

(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall be construed as authorizing any person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf, while copying any such monument, to—

(a) bring into or use within the precincts of such monument a camera-stand, stool,

chair, table, large drawing-board, easel or any such appliance, or (b) erect any scaffolding within such precincts, or

(c) use within such precincts any artificial light other than a flash-light synchronised

with the exposure of a camera, or

(d) apply any extraneous matter, such as water, oil, grease or any moulding material, on such monument or part thereof, or

(e) prepare a direct tracing or mould or squeeze of such monument or part thereof,

except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permission in writing granted by an archaeological officer.

42. Licence required for filming.—

1[(1) No person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf shall undertake any filming operation at a protected monument or part thereof except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 44.

2[(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to any person undertaking video filming from exterior

of a protected monument except those specified in the Second Schedule in respect of which video-filming shall be permitted on payment of Rs. 25/-;

Provided it is for non-commercial purpose and does not involve any cast and use of a stand

or in anyway interfere with customary and religious practices and work and work of repairs.] 43. Application for licence.—Every person intending to undertake any filming operation at a

protected monument shall apply to the Director-General in Form IX at least three months before the proposed date of the commencement of such operation.

44. Grant or refusal of licence.—(1) On receipt of an application under rule 43, the Director

General may grant a licence 3[on payment of a fee of Rs. 5,000 (rupees five thousand) in case of professionals and other agencies] or, if he is satisfied that the licence asked for should not be granted, may, for reasons to be recorded, refuse to grant a licence:

Provided that the Director General shall not grant any licence to film the interior of any protected monument, that is to say such part of any protected monument as is covered

1 Renumbered by GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991. 2 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991. 3 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991.

11

by a roof of any description, except when the film is for the purpose of education or of publicising the monument.

(2) Every licence granted under sub-rule (1) shall be in Form X and be subject to the

following conditions, namely:-

(a) the licence shall not be transferable and shall be valid for the period specified therein;

(b) nothing shall be done by the licensee or any member of his party which has, or

may have, the effect of exposing any part of the monument or attached lawn or garden to the risk of damage;

(c) the filming operation shall be restricted to that part of the monument in respect of

which the licence has been granted;

(d) no extraneous matter, such as water, oil, grease or the like, shall be applied on any part of the monument;

(e) the generating plant for electric power, wherever required, shall be placed away

from the monument or the attached lawn or garden;

(f) the filming operation shall not obstruct or hamper the movement of persons who may lawfully be within the precincts of the monuments and

(g) any other condition which the Director-General may specify in the licence.

45. Cancellation of licence.—The Director-General, by order, may, after giving notice to the

licence, cancel a licence granted under rule 44 if he is satisfied that any of its conditions has been violated.

46. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director-General made under rule 44 or

rule 45 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.

47. Certain rules not affected.—Nothing in rule 41 and no provision of a permission granted

under rule 40 or of a licence granted under rule 44 shall affect the operation of rules 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

48. Penalty.—Whoever copies or films any protected monument or does any other act in

contravention of any provision of this chapter or of any permission or licence granted thereunder shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.

CHAPTER IX

MISCELLANEOUS

49. Manner of preferring an appeal.—

(1) Every appeal to the Central Government under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, or under these rules shall be in writing and shall be preferred within one month of the date of receipt of the order appealed against.

(2) Every such appeal shall be accompanied by a copy of the order appealed against.

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50. Service of orders and notices.—Every order or notice made or issued under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, or these rules shall— (a) in the case of any order or notice of a general nature or affecting a class of persons, be

published in the Official Gazette; and (b) in the case of any order or notice affecting a corporation or firm, be served in the manner

provided for the service of summons in rule 2 of order XXIX or rule 3 of order XXX, as the case may be, in the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908; and

(c) in the case of any order or notice affecting an individual person, be served on such

person—

(i) by delivering or tendering it to the person concerned, or (ii) if it cannot be so delivered or tendered, by delivering or tendering it to any

adult male member of the family of such person or by affixing a copy thereof on the outer door or some conspicuous part of the premises in which that person is known to have last resided or carried on business or personally worked for gain, or

(iii) by sending it by registered post, acknowledgement due.