inle lake needs assessment survey report, institute of developing …rsad881... · 2015. 5. 2. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
LIM
ITAT
ION
-u
sing
few
erre
mot
ely
sens
edda
taim
ages
,(La
ndsa
t7ET
M+
data
for
2003
(5M
arch
2003
)and
Land
sat8
(OLI
)(27
Mar
ch20
14)d
ata
for
2014
,or
focu
sing
onth
ere
lativ
ely
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kean
dsu
rrou
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ea
AIM
AN
D O
BJE
CTI
VES
-tofo
cus
onth
ese
rious
chan
ges
ofth
ela
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ver
and
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ace
tem
pera
ture
ofth
eIn
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amin
eth
ech
ange
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rwith
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atrix
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ing
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ble
and
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ared
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sure
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ges
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ete
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rew
ithth
erm
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ison
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tions
hip
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ete
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erva
tion
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aina
ble
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yla
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ea
DAT
A AN
D M
ETH
OD
OLO
GY
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dsat
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(pat
h13
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w46
)for
2003
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ath
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or20
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ithcl
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ess
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ning
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ple
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ulat
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ofch
ange
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dete
ctio
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etrie
valo
flan
dsu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
reof
2003
and
2014
-dat
aan
alys
isof
land
cove
rand
land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
chan
ges
LAN
D S
UR
FAC
E TE
MPE
RAT
UR
E C
HAN
GES
BY
LAN
D C
OVE
R C
HAN
GES
OF
INLA
Y LA
KE
AREA
, MYA
NM
AR
Khi
nM
ar Y
ee, S
hin
Don
g Yo
on, P
ark
Jinw
oo, J
eong
Ho
Hyu
n, C
hoi C
hulU
ong
Spat
ial I
nfor
mat
ion
Engi
neer
ing
Dep
artm
ent,
Puky
ong
Nat
iona
l Uni
vers
ity(Kmyee2012@
gmail.com
)
-Inla
yLa
kean
dsu
rrou
ndin
gar
ea
-Nor
thLa
titud
es21
º18ʹ
30ʹʹ
Nto
20º4
8ʹ00ʹʹ
N
-Eas
tLo
ngitu
des
96º
46ʹ
30ʹʹ
Eto
97º0
6ʹ30ʹʹ
E
-are
ais
2258
.7sq
km
2. C
HAN
GES
OF
LAN
D C
OVE
R A
ND
LAN
D S
UR
FAC
E TE
MPE
RAT
UR
E
Land
Cov
erC
hang
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CC
)-L
ands
at7
(ban
d4,
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d2)
and
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d3)
-sup
ervi
sed
clas
sific
atio
nw
ithth
esu
ppor
tvec
tor
mac
hine
clas
sific
atio
nal
gorit
hmof
ENVI
4.8
imag
ine
and
Arc
Map
10.2
.1La
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urfa
ce T
empe
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re (L
ST)
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ed(T
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ands
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ther
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ared
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ere
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ellit
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osph
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em,c
ould
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tain
edby
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geq
uatio
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met
erab
ove
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leve
lsta
nds
ala
ke-In
lay
Lake
isfa
mou
sdu
eto
itsbe
autif
ullim
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gica
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ture
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ghbi
odiv
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ood
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le-fa
cing
the
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stat
ing
effe
cts
ofcl
imat
ech
ange
-poi
nted
outt
hatl
and
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
isris
ing
with
the
incr
easi
nghu
man
activ
ities
ofla
ndco
verc
hang
es-m
uch
rese
arch
has
yett
obe
done
toun
ders
tand
pres
entc
ondi
tion
ofliv
elih
ood
oflo
calp
eopl
ean
did
entif
yvu
lner
able
com
mun
ities
and
aspe
cts
ofth
eirl
ivel
ihoo
dth
atis
vuln
erab
leto
clim
ate
chan
ge-w
ater
shed
man
agem
ent
requ
ires
coor
dina
ted
actio
nto
inte
rnal
ize
the
exte
rnal
ities
and
tota
pth
elin
kage
sam
ong
the
vario
usre
sour
ceus
esw
ithin
anar
eadr
aine
dby
ast
ream
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mun
ityfo
rest
ryis
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ndco
ver
syst
emde
vise
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ease
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prod
uctiv
ityof
the
fore
stan
dto
redu
cela
ndsu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
re,
soil
eros
ion
and
sedi
men
tatio
nfo
rfu
ture
sust
aina
ble
deve
lopm
ento
fInl
ayLa
kean
dsu
rrou
ndin
g
The
auth
orgr
atef
ully
ackn
owle
dges
the
guid
ance
ofPr
ofes
sor
Dr.
Cho
iChu
lUon
g,PE
&R
Sla
b,Sp
atia
lInf
orm
atio
nEn
gine
erin
gD
epar
tmen
t,Pu
kyon
gN
atio
nalU
nive
rsity
,and
spec
ialt
hank
sfo
rM
r.A
hnH
oyon
g,Ph
Dca
ndid
ate,
PE&
RS
lab,
Spat
ialI
nfor
mat
ion
Engi
neer
ing
Dep
artm
ent,
Puky
ong
Nat
iona
lUni
vers
ityfo
rhis
valu
able
sugg
estio
nsdu
ring
the
prep
arat
ion
ofth
ispa
per.
Che
n,J,
H.Y
anag
awa,
L.W
.eta
l.,20
12.InleLakeneedsassessmentsurveyreport,C
ityU
nive
rsity
ofH
ong
Kon
g:A
IS50
43Fi
eldw
ork
Stud
ies,
p.5.
Inle
Lake
Wat
ersh
edPr
e-ph
ase
Prop
osal
,201
1.(P
ropo
salf
orth
eC
omm
unity
Bas
edIn
leLa
keW
ater
shed
Reh
abili
tatio
n(6
mon
ths
Pre-
Phas
e,20
11)
By
Bud
dhis
tYo
uth
Empo
wer
men
tPro
gram
)In
lay
Lake
Con
serv
atio
nan
dR
ehab
ilita
tion
Proj
ect.
2010
.U
nite
dN
atio
nsD
evel
opm
ent
Prog
ram
me.
Jim
enez
-Mun
oz,
J.C
.,&
Sobr
ino,
J.A
.(2
003)
.A
gene
raliz
edsi
ngle
chan
nel
met
hod
for
retr
ievi
ngla
ndsu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
refr
omre
mot
ese
nsin
gda
ta.J
ourn
alof
Geo
phys
ical
Res
earc
h,10
8(D
22),
4688
.http
://dx
.doi
.org
/10.
1029
/200
3JD
0034
80.
Kya
yM
one
New
spap
er.
2015
.Es
tabl
ishi
ngof
wat
erco
ntro
lled
gate
for
Inla
yLa
ke,
Dai
lyN
ewsp
aper
ofM
yanm
ar,1
2-04
-201
5,p.
3.La
ndsa
tPro
ject
Scie
nce
Offi
ce.2
002.
Land
sat7
Scie
nce
data
user
’sha
ndbo
ok.G
odda
rdSp
ace
Flig
htC
ente
r,N
ASA
:W
ashi
ngto
n,D
C.h
ttp://
ltpw
ww
.gsf
c.na
sa.g
ov/IA
S/ha
ndbo
ok-to
c.ht
ml.
Land
sat
Proj
ect
Scie
nce
Offi
ce.
2010
.N
ASA
’sG
odda
rdSp
ace
Flig
htC
ente
r:G
reen
belt,
MD
,U
SA.
Land
sat7
Scie
nce
Dat
aU
sers
Han
dboo
k,20
10.N
atio
nalA
eron
autic
san
dSp
ace
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
Oka
mot
o,Ik
uko.
,201
2.C
opin
gan
dad
apta
tion
agai
nst
decr
easi
ngfis
hre
sour
ces:
case
stud
yof
fishe
rman
inLa
keIn
le,.InstituteofDevelopingEconom
ies,
p.1
Qin
,Z.,
Kar
niel
i,A
.,&
Ber
liner
,P.2
001.
Am
ono-
win
dow
algo
rithm
for
retr
ievi
ngla
ndsu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
refr
omLa
ndsa
tTM
data
and
itsap
plic
atio
nto
the
Isra
ele,
Egyp
tbo
rder
regi
on.I
nter
natio
nalJ
ourn
alof
Rem
ote
Sens
ing,
22(1
8),3
719e
3746
.Th
uyei
nN
.M.,
2015
.The
cour
ses
ofde
crea
sing
Inla
yLa
kew
ater
,Kya
yM
one
New
spap
er,D
aily
New
spap
erof
Mya
mar
.p.2
3.Tu
nA
.A
.,M
awA
.A.,
2012
.A
Geo
grap
hica
lIn
vest
igat
ion
onth
eW
ater
shed
Man
agem
ent
and
Con
serv
atio
nof
the
Inla
yLa
keA
rea,
proj
ectp
aper
,Dag
onU
nive
rsity
.Ye
eK
.M.,
2014
.AG
eogr
aphi
calA
naly
sis
onth
eD
istr
ibut
ion
Patte
rns
ofH
otel
san
dIn
nsw
ithin
the
Inla
yLa
keA
rea,
proj
ectp
aper
,Dag
onU
nive
rsity
.
Anal
ysis
Land
sat I
mag
es
Cha
nge
Det
ectio
n
Accu
racy
As
sess
men
t
LCC
Map
-Inla
yLa
keis
one
ofth
em
any
amaz
ing
plac
es-v
astl
ake
has
abou
ttw
ohu
ndre
dth
ousa
ndre
side
nts
whi
chliv
em
ostly
inflo
atin
gvi
llage
s-s
econ
dto
none
and
isw
ellk
now
nfo
rthe
uniq
uele
g-ro
win
gof
the
Inth
ars
-land
cove
rch
ange
sof
hum
anac
tiviti
esar
ech
angi
ngIn
lay
natu
ral
envi
ronm
ent
due
tohu
man
activ
ities
resu
ltsof
land
cove
rcla
ssifi
catio
nof
2003
and
2014
-floa
ting
gard
en,c
ultiv
ated
land
and
built
-up
area
incr
ease
d17
.72
squa
reki
lom
eter
,489
.66
squa
reki
lom
eter
and
51.2
9sq
uare
kilo
met
er-W
ater
area
,fo
rest
and
degr
aded
fore
star
ede
crea
sed
17.3
5sq
uare
kilo
met
er,
109.
89sq
uare
kilo
met
eran
d43
1.43
squa
reki
lom
eter
-tota
l300
grou
ndch
eck
poin
tshe
lpto
calc
ulat
eth
eac
cura
cype
rcen
tage
-ove
rall
accu
racy
is85
%
-land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
rang
edfr
om20
.19º
Cto
21.2
8ºC
and
45.5
5ºC
to47
.15º
Cw
ithin
11ye
ars
perio
d-lo
wes
tand
high
estc
hang
esof
land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
is0.
69ºC
and
1.6º
C-b
uilt-
upar
eaan
dha
rves
ted
culti
vate
dla
ndar
eaw
ere
high
erla
ndsu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
reth
anth
esu
rrou
ndin
gar
ea-s
pars
ely
degr
aded
fore
star
eaof
land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
isal
sohi
gher
tem
pera
ture
-land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
was
wid
erto
the
built
-up
area
,har
vest
edcu
ltiva
ted
area
and
spar
sely
degr
aded
fore
star
ea
STU
DY A
REA
-Inla
yLa
keis
grad
ually
degr
adin
gdu
eto
the
impa
cts
ofin
crea
sing
popu
latio
n,cl
imat
ech
ange
,cl
imat
eva
riabi
lity
and
unsu
stai
nabl
ena
tura
lre
sour
ceus
epr
actic
es(K
yay
Mon
eD
aily
New
spap
er.2
015.
)(Th
uyei
nN
.M.,
2015
)-In
lay
Lake
isal
sofa
cing
with
the
chal
leng
esof
chan
ging
ofla
ndco
ver
and
risin
gof
land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
ACK
NO
WLE
DG
MEN
T
REF
EREN
CES
Ther
mal
Infe
rred
ban
d
Rat
ified
and
Geo
refe
renc
ed
Supe
rvis
ed
Cla
ssifi
catio
n
PE&
RS
(Pho
togr
amm
etry
Eng
inee
ring
& R
emot
e Se
nsin
g) L
ab. i
n Pu
kyon
gN
atio
nal U
nive
rsity.
Cha
nges
LST
Map
Sens
or B
right
ness
Te
mpe
ratu
re
Spat
ial r
adia
nce
Mul
tispe
ctra
l ban
d1.
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
ABST
RA
CT
4. C
ON
CLU
SIO
N
Cha
nge
area
of L
and
Cov
er C
lass
es (2
003-
2014
)
Land
cov
er20
0320
14C
hang
e ar
ea
(sq
km)
(sq
km)
(sq
km)
Floa
ting
gard
en54
.79
72.5
117
.72
Wat
er70
.26
52.9
1-1
7.35
Cul
tivat
ed la
nd27
7.78
767.
4448
9.66
Fore
st22
8.96
119.
07-1
09.8
9
Deg
rade
d fo
rest
1497
.36
1065
.93
-431
.43
Bui
lt-up
are
a12
9.56
180.
8551
.29
3. R
ESU
LTS
AND
DIS
CU
SSIO
N
The
Inla
yLa
keis
one
ofw
orld
herit
age
site
sof
UN
ESC
O.T
hecu
ltura
ltra
ditio
nsof
num
erou
svi
llage
sar
ound
itfo
cus
onth
ela
kean
dha
vedi
stin
ctiv
efe
atur
es.I
nlay
Lake
isth
em
ostt
ouris
mde
velo
pmen
tare
aof
Mya
nmar
.How
ever
,the
Inla
yLa
keis
grad
ually
degr
adin
gdu
eto
the
impa
cts
ofhu
man
activ
ities
and
clim
ate
varia
bilit
yas
wel
las
unsu
stai
nabl
ena
tura
lre
sour
ceus
epr
actic
es.
So,
the
sust
aina
ble
deve
lopm
ent
ofth
ere
latio
nshi
pbe
twee
nLa
ndC
over
Cha
nges
(LC
C)
and
Land
Surf
ace
Tem
pera
ture
(LST
)cha
nges
serio
usly
impo
rtan
tto
man
age
the
Inla
yLa
kear
ea.
This
pape
rfo
cuse
son
the
appl
icat
ion
ofre
mot
ese
nsin
gan
dge
ogra
phic
info
rmat
ion
syst
emfo
rcha
nge
dete
ctio
n,ch
ange
mat
rixan
dan
alys
ison
itsim
pact
onth
esu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
reof
the
Inla
yLa
kear
ea.
Land
sat
imag
esha
vebe
enut
ilize
dto
quan
tify
the
chan
ges
ofth
etw
ope
riods
.Fi
rstly
,th
eim
ages
wer
epr
epro
cess
edw
ithth
eca
libra
tion
and
geom
etric
corr
ectio
nsth
atw
ere
perf
orm
edfo
rla
ndco
ver
chan
ges.
The
over
all
accu
racy
is85
perc
ent.
Seco
ndly
,th
ein
vest
igat
ion
usin
gre
mot
ese
nsin
gan
dge
ogra
phic
info
rmat
ion
syst
emw
asfu
rthe
rap
plie
dto
exam
ine
the
impa
ctof
the
land
cove
rch
ange
onsu
rfac
ete
mpe
ratu
reof
the
stud
yar
ea.T
hefin
ding
sof
this
pape
rre
veal
eda
nota
ble
land
cove
rch
ange
and
land
surf
ace
tem
pera
ture
for
the
futu
resu
stai
nabl
een
viro
nmen
talc
onse
rvat
ion
ofIn
lay
Lake
area
.