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Noraxon U.S.A., Inc. Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer

P-3088 Rev E (Sep 2013)

Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer

User Manual

Model 308


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For questions, concerns or additional assistance please contact Noraxon or its Authorized Representative as specified below.

M Manufacturer: Noraxon U.S.A. Inc. 15770 North Greenway-Hayden Loop, Suite 100 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 Tel: (480) 443-3413 Fax: (480) 443-4327 Email: [email protected] Support Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.noraxon.com

P Authorized European Representative: Advena Ltd. Pure Offices, Plato Close, Warwick CV34 6WE, UK Telephone +44(0)1926 800153 +44(0) 845 094 3307 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.advenamedical.com Skype: advenamedical

C 0473 Notified Body: Clearance to market this product in the European Community has been certified by Notified Body #0473, AMTAC of the UK. © Copyright, 2013, Noraxon U.S.A. Inc. No part of this document may be copied, photographed, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without the prior written consent of Noraxon U.S.A. Inc. Noraxon is a registered trademark of Noraxon U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved. All other company and product names contained herein may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies and are sole property of their respected owners.


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Table of Contents

Section 1: Introduction Brief Description ...................................................................................................... 1 Intended Use .......................................................................................................... 1 Contraindications ...................................................................................................... 1 Section 2: Definitions Graphic Symbols and Meanings............................................................................... 2 Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................... 2 Section 3: Identification

Model Designation ................................................................................................... 3 Product Versions and Configurations ...................................................................... 3 Section 4: General Warnings and Cautions Risks and Benefits .................................................................................................... 4

Safety Information Summary ................................................................................... 4 Section 5: Getting Started Quick Start Guide .................................................................................................... 5 Section 6: Preparing the Product for Use (Setup Instructions) Unpacking and Component Identification ................................................................ 5

Component Interconnections ................................................................................... 6 Device Communication (Driver) Software Installation ............................................. 6 Companion Software Installation ............................................................................. 6 Companion Software Configuration ........................................................................ 7

Section 7: Pre‐use Check‐out Normal Appearance of Signals ................................................................................. 13 Attaching to Patient or Subject ................................................................................. 13 Section 8: Operating Instructions Safety Information Summary .................................................................................... 14 Normal Functions with Interface in PC ..................................................................... 14 Exceptional Functions/Situations (error messages) ................................................. 14 Section 9: Accessories and Optional Modules Accessories .............................................................................................................. 15

Options ..................................................................................................................... 15 Section 10: Cleaning

Safety Precautions When Cleaning .......................................................................... 16 Cleaning by Users .................................................................................................... 16

Section 11: Maintenance Safety Precautions When Performing Maintenance................................................. 17 Maintenance by Users .............................................................................................. 17 Maintenance by Qualified Individuals ....................................................................... 17 Section 12: Trouble‐shooting, Fault Diagnosis Troubleshooting Chart .............................................................................................. 17 Website Link to FAQ ................................................................................................. 17 Section 13: Service and Repair

Availability of Circuit Diagrams and Component Lists ............................................. 18 Warranty Information ................................................................................................ 18 Submitting Service Requests ................................................................................... 18 Returning Equipment ................................................................................................ 18 Section 14: List of Spare Parts and Consumables Replaceable Items ................................................................................................... 19


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Section 15: Taking Product Out of Operation Disposal of Equipment and Batteries ....................................................................... 19 Section 16: Specifications of the Product Expected Useful Lifetime .......................................................................................... 20 Dimensions and Weight ........................................................................................... 20 Performance Characteristics ................................................................................... 20

Energy Consumption, Condition of Use .................................................................. 20 Environmental Conditions for Storage and Transport ............................................. 20 IP (Ingress Protection) Rating .................................................................................. 20

Section 17: Technical Information Block Diagram ......................................................................................................... 21 Theory of Operation ................................................................................................. 21 Technical Specifications .......................................................................................... 21 Section 18: Appendices Appendix A—Available Goniometer Sensor Types .................................................. 23 Appendix B—Electrical Goniometer Sensor Application .......................................... 24

Noraxon U.S.A, Inc. Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer

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Section 1: Introduction

Brief Description The flexible goniometer developed by Biometrics LTD UK has been an established standard worldwide. Due to its flexible axis construction and five available sizes, it can be used on most body joints. It is available in a one or two axis configuration measuring, e.g. flexion/extension and lateral flexion (spine) in one application. A flexible spring connection between the two goniometer blocks compensates for any point migration and surface prolongation, which is especially helpful in shoulder joint and spine motion. It also allows for placement of the sensor on uneven surfaces. Due to the amplifier built into the cable, it has direct plug-in functionality to Noraxon devices.

Intended Use Noraxon’s 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer is used to measure angular displacement. This particular model can measure in one or 2 dimensions. Intended Users Researchers and individuals trained in physical medicine, physical therapy or ergonomics Subject Populations – Medical Individuals with cerebral palsy, physical injuries, post-surgical or post stroke conditions Subject Populations – Non medical Athletes, workers at their worksite, subjects in new product or research trials Common Applications Movement Technique analysis; tracking over time the outcome of surgical, therapeutic or orthotic interventions; identification of ergonomic stress factors in the workplace or new product designs; sports performance analysis, and postural assessment.

Contraindications None

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Section 3: Identification

Model Designation The model 308 Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer consists of:

Model 308 Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer

Product Versions and Configurations The model 308 Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer can work in conjunction with any of the Noraxon Wired EMG systems. As the Electrical Goniometer requires software to perform its function, the equipment is offered in combination with the following computer program packages. Model 133 MyoResearch-XP Master Edition Model 430-433 myoMUSCLE


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Section 4: General Warnings and Cautions

Risks and Benefits There is no identified risk of physical harm or injury with use of the Electrical Goniometer sensor. The benefit provided by use of the device is the provision of objective measures to assess the severity of pathological human movement conditions and gauge any subsequent improvement offered by therapy, training, prosthetic alterations or ergonomic design changes.

Safety Information Summary

Warnings

Do not immerse the Electrical Goniometer in any water or liquid The Electrical Goniometer produces results that are informative, not diagnostic. Qualified

individuals must interpret the results

Attention

The operator must be familiar with typical characteristics of the signals acquired by the Electrical Goniometer and be able to detect anomalies that could interfere with proper interpretation.


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Section 5: Getting Started

Quick Start Guide Please see the hardware manual for the appropriate EMG system.

Section 6: Preparing the Product for Use

(Set-up Instructions)

Unpacking and Component Identification

Two Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer (part #308) Note: The 1D Goniometer has only one cable

X‐Y Goniometer Sensor (Part# PGXY) Note: The Goniometer Sensor cable with the green tape is the X‐ (horizontal) axis

Additional contents not illustrated

Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer User Manual (part #308A) This document

If additional accessories have been included please see Section 9, Accessories for component identification.


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Component Interconnections Step 1

Connect the 4‐pin connectors of the inline cables to the X‐Y Goniometer Sensor plugs. The Goniometer Sensor cable with the green tape is the X‐axis (horizontal) Note: The longer cables connect to the X‐Y Goniometer Sensor

Step 2

Connect the 4‐pin connectors to two available channels on the Noraxon EMG system Note: For the 1D system either the x‐ or y‐axis may be used and only one channel is required

Note: The inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer connects directly to Noraxon’s inline EMG systems via their available analog input jacks/connectors.

Device Communication (Driver) Software Installation Please see the hardware manual for the appropriate EMG system.

Companion Software Installation The 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer is compatible with several different EMG systems that can use multiple software programs. Identify the companion software that accompanied the equipment (MyoResearch or MR3 myoMUSCLE) and follow the instructions given in the hardware manual.


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MyoResearch XP Installation

1. Insert the MyoResearch XP Software CD into the PC. 2. A menu will automatically pop up. 3. Click on “Install MRXP” and follow the Wizard’s instructions. 4. When the Wizard requests a password, enter the password printed on your CD case. 5. After installing MRXP exit (close) the MRXP software. 6. Click on “Install Patch” and follow the Wizard’s instructions.

The installed companion software must be activated before unrestricted use is possible.

1. Open MRXP. 2. A dialog box will indicate how many more times MRXP can be opened. 3. Click on “Enter Activation Code”. 4. Call or email Noraxon Support with the provided Activation Key. 5. Please include the following: Your name, Company/Organization Name, Serial Number

on TeleMyo 2400T G2 and the Activation Key. 6. Noraxon Support will email or respond by phone with the Activation Code 7. Enter the provided Activation Code to remove any restrictions on use.

MR3 Installation

1. Before you start the MR3 software please connect all devices you plan to use with the software to your PC.

2. Insert the installation USB card or use the MR3 download file and start the installation with Noraxon.mr.3.0.x.exe (x is the latest version release number).

3. Follow the steps in the Installation Wizard menu and click Finish to close the Installation Wizard routine. A new Icon will appear on your desk top:

4. Double click on the icon to start the MR3 software.

Companion Software Configuration Before the Electrical Goniometer can be used with the Noraxon EMG system, the companion software must be configured to recognize the different components that make up the system. Refer to the EMG system’s hardware manual for instructions for the particular program (MyoResearch or MR3 myoMUSCLE) supplied with the Noraxon EMG system. For specific settings for the Electrical Goniometer see below:


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MyoResearch XP Configuration

Step 1 Enter the Hardware Setup screen and setup the Noraxon EMG system in accordance with its provided hardware manual.

Step 2 When done in the Hardware setup menu, return to the Measurement screen. In the Muscle Device Maps, select the Noraxon G2 Sensors tab.

Step 3a Highlight the channel number that will use the Goniometer and click on the check box in the lower right corner of the 2D Goniometer icon box Note: The 2D Goniometer will require 2 channels, while the 1D Goniometer will require 1.


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Step 3b OR Click on the check box next to the channel the Electrical Goniometer is plugged into. The channel will default to EMG, but this can be changed by double clicking the Type of sensor and scrolling to find 2D Goniometer Note: The 2D Goniometer will require 2 channels, while the 1D Goniometer will require 1.

Step 4 Continue with the measurement setup as described in the EMG system’s hardware manual.


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MR3 Configuration

Step 1 Enter the Hardware Setup screen and setup the Noraxon EMG system in accordance with its provided hardware manual.

Step 2 Once back in the Home screen, choose to create a new or edit an existing configuration.

Step 3 In the measurement setup screen, insert the EMG system into the Devices in your configuration box.

Step 4 Once the EMG system device is inserted, the muscle map will appear to the left, and the EMG channels and sensors will appear below. Highlight the first channel being used for the 2D Electrical Goniometer.


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Step 5a Select the Noraxon G2 Sensors tab where the muscle map is displayed. Click on the check box in the lower right corner of the 2D Goniometer icon box. Note: The 2D Goniometer will require 2 channels, while the 1D Goniometer will require 1.

Step 5b OR Click on the check box next to the channel the Electrical Goniometer is plugged into. The channel will default to EMG, but this can be changed by double clicking in the Sensor column of the channel and scrolling to find G2 2D Goniometer Note: The 2D Goniometer will require 2 channels, while the 1D Goniometer will require 1.


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Step 6 Continue with the measurement setup as described in the EMG system’s hardware manual.


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Section 7: Pre-Use Check-Out

Normal Appearance of Signals Before recording begins, a preview of the signal(s) is given. Be sure a signal is generated and performing as expected.

Attaching to Patient or Subject To secure the goniometer sensor, use the straps included in the shipment, double-sided tape and/or a flexible bandage that sticks to itself, e.g. Coban. Do not wrap the straps too tight because this can limit the joint motion. Attach the DTS Sensor probe near the goniometer sensor using double-sided tape, medical tape and/or straps. Do not wrap the probe too tight because this may affect the signal. When attaching the goniometer by tape, it is recommended that both single-sided and double-sided medical tape be used.

1) Place the double-sided tape on the underside of the goniometer’s endblock. 2) When the goniometer is attached to the subject, ensure enough allowance is made for

the sliding of the goniometer. 3) Have the subject fully flex the joint so the goniometer is fully extended. 4) Press firmly the two endblocks onto the subject, ensuring the goniometer is lying over the

top of the joint. 5) If the goniometer is compressed too much, e.g. when the joint is fully extended, an

“oxbow” will occur. Reattach the goniometer to prevent the “oxbow”. 6) For additional security, wrap the single-sided medical tape one time over the endblock.

No tape should come in contact with the spring!

Please see Appendix G for more detailed descriptions on how to adhere the sensor on specific body parts.

POSITION 1

L 1

Oxbow Shape This results when the sensor is compressed too much. This can damage the sensor. Do NOT mount the sensor in this way.


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Section 8: Operating Instructions

Safety Information Summary Strictly follow all safety practices given in section 4 of this manual. The most critical ones are repeated here.

Warnings

Do not immerse the Electrical Goniometer in any water or liquid The Electrical Goniometer produces results that are informative, not diagnostic. Qualified

individuals must interpret the results

Normal Functions with Interface to a PC When used with the companion software the Noraxon’s 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer is used to measure angular displacement. This particular model can measure in one or 2 dimensions for any joint in the body, or along the spine to measure spinal movement. The waveforms will vary depending on placement of the sensor, but signal may look similar to those below. MR-XP (single axis)

MR3 (single axis)

Exceptional Functions/Situations (error messages) Please see the EMG system’s hardware manual for possible error messages.

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Section 10: Cleaning

Safety Precautions When Cleaning

WARNING

Only use a damp cloth with mild soap and water or isopropyl alcohol to clean the bottom of the Electrical Goniometer Sensors. Do not immerse Electrical Goniometer Sensors in any water or liquid. When cleaning or disinfection, the Goniometer should be disconnected from all instrumentation and power sources.

Cleaning by Users For sanitary purposes, it is advisable to clean the bottom of the Electrical Goniometer Sensor on a regular basis. The Electrical Goniometer Sensor can be cleaned with a cloth slightly dampened with a solution of mild soap and water or isopropyl alcohol. The Electrical Goniometer Sensor is not constructed to withstand repeated application of any disinfectant solution. Likewise, the Electrical Goniometer Sensor is not warranted against exposure to any of the conventional forms of sterilization. Users wishing to utilize this equipment in a sterile environment, such as an operating theater, should consult Noraxon for other options.


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Section 11: Maintenance

Safety Precautions When Performing Maintenance No precautions required.

Maintenance by Users No regular maintenance by the user is required.

Maintenance by Qualified Individuals

The following activities should only be undertaken by PC support (IT) personnel, equipment technicians or those with suitable training.

Companion Software Updates

Perform a backup of the data folders to a separate drive as a precaution. Click on the Patch/Update link provided in the email or as given on the Noraxon website http://noraxon.com/software-downloads Download the Patch/Update file. To install the Patch/Update, click “Run” on the dialog box. No password is required.

Section 12: Trouble Shooting, Fault Diagnosis

Troubleshooting Chart Please see the EMG device hardware manual for trouble shooting.

Website Link to FAQ Answers to common questions can be found at Noraxon’s Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) website page at this link: http://noraxon.com/faq Other educational material is available at this link: http://noraxon.com/educational-materials


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Section 13: Service and Repair

Availability of Circuit Diagrams and Component Lists Noraxon will make available on request circuit schematics, component parts lists and calibration instructions to assist qualified technical personnel in the service and maintenance of the Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer.

Warranty Information Noraxon equipment including optional items is guaranteed to be free from defects in material and workmanship for 1 year from the date of purchase. The warrant period begins on the date of product shipment from Scottsdale, Arizona. Warranty coverage does not apply to damage incurred through accident, alteration, abuse or failure to follow instructions contained in this document. An optional extended warranty is available. Please contact Noraxon USA for further details.

Submitting Service Requests A Service Request can be submitted using the online form available at this link: http://noraxon.com/service-request Provide all information requested by the form including a detailed description of the problem being experienced and your telephone number or e-mail address.

Returning Equipment Be sure to obtain an RMA Number (return material authorization) before returning any equipment. Completing the online service request form will assign an RMA Number. Otherwise contact Noraxon USA. Send the equipment postage prepaid and insured to the address below. Include the RMA Number on the shipment label. Mark the package “Goods to be repaired – Made in USA” to avoid unnecessary customs charges. (Beware listing a Customs or Insurance value of $5,000.00 USD or more will result in a delay at United States Customs.) Noraxon USA 15770 N. Greenway-Hayden Loop Suite 100 Scottsdale, AZ 85260, USA If you are shipping from outside the USA please use UPS, FedEx, DHL, or EMS (US Postal Service) and not a freight-forwarder. Using a freight-forwarder incurs additional brokerage fees. If a package is shipped to Noraxon via a carrier other than the ones listed above, it may be refused.


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Section 14: Spare Parts and Consumables

Replaceable Items

Part No.

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Section 15: Taking Product out of Operation

Disposal of Equipment and Batteries Please check with the governing authorities in your location before disposing of the Electrical Goniometer and its contents.


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Section 16: Specifications of the Product

Expected Useful Lifetime The Inline 1D/2D Electrical Goniometer has a usable life of seven years.

Dimensions

Dimensions: o 2317.75-2571.75mm (9.125”-10.125”) L x 19.05mm (0.75”) W x 95.25mm

(0.375”) H Inline cable length: 42 in (~1m)

Performance Characteristics

Nominal Output Range: +/- 180 degrees Max. Output Voltage: -5V to +5V Sensitivity: 25 mV/degree Accuracy: +/- 2 degrees X-Y Crosstalk: <5 degrees for deflections under 60 degrees

Energy Consumption, Condition of Use

The Electrical Goniometer Sensor is powered by the attached EMG system.

Environmental Conditions for Storage and Transport

Ambient Temperature: -40C to +70C Relative Humidity: 10% to 100% Atmospheric Pressure: 500hPa to 1060hPa

IP (Ingress Protection) Rating The Electrical Goniometer enclosure has a low ingress protection rating (IP20). The instrument is not protected against the ingress of water and carries no IPX rating (i.e. is ordinary equipment). The Electrical Goniometer is not waterproof. Care must be taken to avoid exposure to all liquids. Heavy perspiration may present problems if the Electrical Goniometer is secured to bare skin with an over wrap of tape or elastic belting. In such cases it is advisable to first add adsorptive material or cloth over the Electrical Goniometer before covering the sensor with tape or elastic bands.

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Crosstalk

Crosstalk is defined as the ability of the goniometer to measure independently the simultaneous angular movements of a joint in 2 degrees of freedom. Most of the joints discussed in this manual do not have crosstalk, with the exception being the wrist and hip. Provided the guidelines on the size selection and mounting position are followed, crosstalk between the 2 channels will be minimized to an acceptable level. Specification of crosstalk for all Biometrics twin axis SG series goniometers is less than 5% measured over an angular range of 60 i.e. if a joint is moved through 60 from the neutral position in one plane without movement in the orthogonal plane, then the sensor output in the orthogonal plane may change by a maximum of 3.

Technical Specifications

(Refer to figure above) SG65 SG75 SG110 SG110/A SG150 SG150/B Q110 Q150 F35Number of Channels 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 Dimensions mm A. Maximum 65 75 110 110 150 150 110 170 35 A. Minimum 30 35 70 70 100 50 70 115 30 B. 55 60 60 60 70 120 60 70 18 C. 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 8 D 54 54 54 18 54 54 54 54 15 E 20 20 20 54 20 20 20 20 8 Weight (g) 22 23 23 29 25 27 22 23 8 Minimum permissible bend rad. (mm)

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 3

Measuring Range 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Crosstalk 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% N/A N/A N/A Note: Specifications of crosstalk for all Biometrics twin axis SG series goniometers is measured over +/- 60̊ i.e., if a joint is moved through 60̊ from the neutral position in one place without movement in the orthogonal plane, then the sensor output in the orthogonal plane may change by a maximum of +/- 3̊.

Transducer type strain gauge

Life 600,000 cycles minimum Accuracy 2 measured over 90 from neutral position Repeatability better than 1 Analogue resolution infinite Operating temperature range: + 0C to +40C Storage temperature range: -20C to +50C Operating humidity range: 30% to 75% Storage humidity range: 30% to 75% Atmospheric pressure range:

operation: 700hPa to 1060hPa storage: 500hPa to 1060hPa Note: Life test results have been collected by cycling the sensors through movements that would happen during everyday use. For example, placing a sensor on an adult elbow and moving from the neutral position to maximum flexion and back to the neutral position, the unit will function for a minimum 600,000 cycles.

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Section 18: Appendices

Appendix A – Available Goniometer Sensor Types In general, there are no fixed rules governing which size of sensor is most suitable for a particular joint; this depends on the size of the subject. The sensor must be capable of reaching across the joint so that the two endblocks can be mounted where least movement occurs between the skin and underlying skeletal structure. In certain circumstances more than one size of sensor will be appropriate. The following table is given for guidance only and refers to an adult population.

JOINT SENSOR MEASURED OUTPUT wrist SG65 or SG75 flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation forearm Q110 or Q150 pronation/supination elbow SG110 flexion/extension ankle SG110 or SG110/A dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion knee SG150 flexion/extension hip SG150 flexion/extension, abduction/adduction back SG150/B flexion/extension/lateral flexion back Q150 axial rotation neck SG110 flexion/extension, lateral flexion neck Q110 axial rotation finger DIP, PIP, MCP F35 flexion/extension toe F35 flexion/extension


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Appendix B – Electrical Goniometer Sensor Application Fingers and Toes – Goniometer F35 The F35 goniometer is a single axis goniometer intended for use on fingers and toes. Angles are measured by rotating one endblock relative to the other about axis X-X. The goniometer is not designed to measure rotations about Y-Y. The goniometer does not measure rotations about the axis Z-Z.

Do not bend the sensor in the Y-Y direction more than 20 from the neutral position. This will result in reduced life or failure. The F35 sensor is designed to fit over the joint to be measured (figure 6). It has high flexibility and low operating force to ensure the instrument does not interfere with normal joint movement. One endblock is attached to either side of the joint. Unlike the “SG” series and “Q” series sensors, an “oxbow” shape is permitted in the measuring element. (figure 7) This is not detrimental to the results and does not reduce the life of the sensor.

Care should be taken so that the minimum bend radius (18 degrees) is not exceeded.


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Wrist Start with the subject’s shoulder in abduction at 90 ̊and elbow flexed at 90 ̊, such that the forearm is close to full pronation. As shown in Fig. 9, attach the distal endblock to the dorsal surface over the third metacarpal with the center axis of the hand and endblock coincident. While fully flexing the wrist (Fig. 10) extend the goniometer to position 2 (Fig. 8) and attach the proximal endblock to the forearm so that when viewed from the dorsal plane the axes of the forearm and endblock are coincident. The wrist may now be flexed or extended, radial or ulnar deviated with the goniometer freely sliding between positions 1 and 2. Note: If monitoring both movements of flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation with a varying position of pronation and supination, the 2 endblocks of the goniometer should be mounted close to the wrist joint to minimize crosstalk. To do this the goniometers type no. SG65 or SG75 must be used.


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Elbow

1) Position the subject’s shoulder in abduction at 90 degrees with the elbow and forearm in neutral position.

2) Attach the distal endblock to the forearm with the center axis of the endblock coincident with the center axis of the forearm.

3) With the elbow at neutral, move the goniometer to position 2 (maximum length) and attach the proximal endblock to the upper arm with the center of the endblock and the center axis of the upper arm coincident.

4) The elbow may be fully flexed and extended with the distal endblock freely sliding between positions 1 and 2.

5) The distal endblock should be mounted in close proximity to the elbow joint. Movements of pronation and supination may be made and will only affect the measurement of flexion/extension minimally.

Ankle Goniometer SG 110/A

1) Have the subject stand in a neutral position with the foot on a flat surface. 2) Attach the fixed endblock of the SG110/A to the side of the foot as shown in figure 13. 3) Invert the ankle to the maximum anticipated during measurement. 4) With the goniometer in position 2, attach the sliding endblock to the lateral aspect of the

lower leg so that the axis of the leg and endblock are coincident. Goniometer SG110

1) Have the subject stand in a neutral position with the foot on a flat surface. 2) Attach the distal endblock of the SG110 to the back of the heel as shown in figure 14. 3) Dorsiflex the ankle to the maximum anticipated during measurement 4) Attach the proximal endblock to the posterior of the leg with the goniometer in position 1

so that the axis of the leg and endblock are coincident.


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Knee

1) Have the subject stand in the neutral position with the foot on a flat surface. 2) Attach the distal endblock laterally on the leg so the axes of the leg and endblock

coincide, when viewed in the sagittal plane (figure 15). 3) With the leg fully extended in the position of reference, extend the goniometer to position

2 (maximum length). 4) Attach the proximal endblock to the thigh so the axes of the thigh and endblock coincide. 5) The knee may now be flexed or extended with the goniometer freely sliding between

positions 1 and 2. Hip

1) Have the subject stand in the neutral position with the foot on a flat surface. 2) Attach the proximal endblock to the side of the trunk in the pelvic region as shown in

figure 16. 3) With the limb in the position of reference, extend the goniometer to position 2 (maximum

length). 4) Attach the distal endblock to the thigh so that axes of the thigh and endblock coincide

(when viewed in the sagittal plane as shown). 5) The hip may now be flexed or extended, abducted or adducted with the goniometer

sliding freely between positions 1 and 2. Note: During normal gait the amount of hip rotation is small; therefore, accurate measurements of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction may be obtained. If flexion/extension and abduction/adduction are to be monitored with a significant amount of hip rotation, then crosstalk will affect the absolute readings and this should be considered when interpreting the results.


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Back

1) Attach the proximal endblock to the sacral area at S1 as shown in figure 17. 2) With the patient upright and the goniometer near minimum length, attach the sliding

endblock to the back at T12-L1 (this will vary depending upon patient height). 3) Zero the goniometer with the patient in this upright position. 4) The SG150/B measures relative change in lumbar curvature through flexion/extension

and lateral flexion to both sides. Note: The SG150/B is most effective for standing measurements with isolated X-X or Y-Y planar movements. Crosstalk between the channels may be experienced with rotational movements. Seated tasks and tight clothing may adversely affect the accuracy of the readings


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Forearm Pronation/Supination Attach the two endblocks of the torsiometer to the forearm as shown in Fig. 19 with the slider mechanism approximately midway between the two extremes. Measurements of pronation/supination may now be made from the grey plug. Movements of wrist flexion/extension or radial ulnar deviation will not affect the output.


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Sign Conventions for Selected Joints (Lefts vs. Right) The sign convention for certain joints will differ depending which side of the body the sensor is attached to. Sign conventions for the most common joints are shown below and following pages. Finger, Wrist and Elbow


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Knee and Hip

Ankle and Back

inline 1d/2d electrical goniometer - noraxon usa...noraxon u.s.a, inc. inline 1d/2d electrical...

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