insects characteristics and orders. what you should know about insects …
TRANSCRIPT
InsectsInsectsCharacteristics and Characteristics and
OrdersOrders
What You Should Know What You Should Know About Insects …About Insects …
Taxonomy•Kingdom – Animalia
•Phylum – Arthropoda•Class - Insecta
ArthropodsArthropods
• Include: spiders (Arachnids), ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crustaceans, horseshoe crab, centipedes and of course INSECTS
Insects Are Insects Are ArthropodsArthropods
• Insects are the largest group of Arthropods - 900,000 different species
• On the planet for 350,000,000 yrs
• Jointed appendages (bendable)• Segmented bodies• Exoskeleton of Chitinthat must be molted to grow
All Insects Have…All Insects Have…
•Three body regions – head, thorax, and abdomen
•One pair antenna (head)•Six legs or 3 pairs (thorax)
•One-two pairs of wings (thorax)
Head• 2 antennae (feel, hear
and smell) 1,000 sensory cells
• (One species of moth can smell one molecule EIGHT miles away)
• 2 compound eyes - each has 30,000 lenses
• 3 ocelli - simple eyes to sense light and dark
• Special mouthparts - several specific designs
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AntennaAntenna• One Pair on head• Jointed• Sensory (smell)• Called “feelers”• Filiform most common shape (segments = size)
• Come in many shapes
FILIFORM
Antenna Modifications- Draw a couple
Mouth part types
•Draw a sample of each•Chewing, sucking, piercing, lapping and sponging
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Chewing
Youtube video
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-nd8EWwy9E&feature=related
Sucking
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Youtube video
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgcWRrbHi2E&feature=related
Piercing
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Youtube Video
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMgG5K0Yep4
Lapping
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Youtube video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzOi_bPXI38&feature=related
Sponging
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Youtube video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5llTAwSVyeA
Thorax• 3 pair of jointed legs covered in sensory hairs. They are more than 110x more sensitive than our tongues.
• 2 pair of wings, if present
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Insect Legs
•Examples: Digging, jumping, predatory and swimming
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Count the Legs!Count the Legs!
There are ALWAYS SIXSIX legs, and they are attached to the THORAXTHORAX
Wings or No WingsWings or No Wings•Most adults have 2 pairs
•Some insects are wingless (silverfish, fleas, some termites and ants)
More on WingsMore on WingsA network of Veins strengthens
wings
MEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGSMEMBRANEOUS (clear) WINGS
Some Wings Are Covered With Powdery Scales
BUTTERFLIES & MOTHSBUTTERFLIES & MOTHS
Wings May Be ModifiedWings May Be Modified• Order Diptera (flies)
• 2nd pair of wings modified into HALTERES
• Used for balance
• Makes flies hard to catch!
Beetle WingsBeetle Wings
• Hard Forewing called Elytra• Meet in straight line down the abdomen• Membranous hindwings folded underneath (flight)
ELYTRA
Abdomen
• Houses reproductive organs and digestive system
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Evolution of Insects
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1. Oldest• All insects began as wingless
• Less than 1 % of insects belong to this category
• They go through incomplete metamorphosis
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SILVERFISH: THYSANURA
Youtube: Silverfish
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJKl4yethrI
2. Development of Wings
• They have wings, but they can not fold them = harder to escape predators
• Still go through incomplete metamorphosis
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Youtube: Dragonfly
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ezq_JWd1Sd8&feature=related
3. Development of Flexing Wings
•They have wings and can fold them. This allows them to go more places.
•Incomplete metamorphosis
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Examples: Grasshopper, praying mantids
Youtube: Mantid
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urk-_Uh2vbg&feature=fvwrel
4. Complete Metamorphosis
• Egg-larva-pupa- adult
• 80% of insects• Completely different animal
• Key factor to increasing diversity and survival
• Taps two different food sources
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Youtube: Complete Metamorphosis
• http://www.youtube.com/user/backyardbugs#p/u/54/wFfO7f8Vr9c
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zrDGh2DIRU&feature=related
Why Study Insects?
•10 million insects for every human on Earth.
•Over 90% of all animals are invertebrates
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Insects are helpful
•Decompose waste
•Control other insects- good ones eat bad
•Pollination•Make products: silk and honey
•Till soil
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Insects are harmful
•Spread disease - yellow fever, rocky mountain fever
•Destroy crops- 90 billion dollars worth of damage each year
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxHOxCmbs-8
Locust attack- 10 billion left devastation miles wide and long
CIRCLECIRCLE THE INSECTSTHE INSECTS
INSECT ORDERSINSECT ORDERS
INSECTS WITH WINGSINSECTS WITH WINGS
Why Can’t I Call All of Why Can’t I Call All of Them Bugs?Them Bugs?
• EVERY BUG EVERY BUG is an insect, but NOT ALL NOT ALL INSECTSINSECTS are bugs!
• True BUGS are in the Order HEMIPTERAHEMIPTERA
• Posterior thorax is Posterior thorax is triangulartriangular; called ; called SCUTELLUMSCUTELLUM
• Last 3Last 3rdrd of wing of wing CLEARCLEAR
Which of these are Which of these are BUGS?BUGS?
ALLALL
More Hemipterans
Assassin Assassin BugBug
Giant Giant Water BugWater Bug Leaf HopperLeaf Hopper
Water BoatmanWater Boatman
ColeopteraColeoptera• Called beetlesbeetles• Tough exoskeletonexoskeleton• Forewings called ElytraElytra•Fly with membranous hindwings•Larva called grubs Rhinoceros Rhinoceros
beetlebeetle
Cucumber Cucumber beetlebeetle
Ladybird Ladybird beetlebeetle
Ephemeroptera• Called MayfliesMayflies• Juveniles are aquaticaquatic; called naiadsnaiads
• Adults found near Adults found near water & water & don’t feeddon’t feed
• Adults reproduce & Adults reproduce & die in 24 hoursdie in 24 hours
• SoftSoft bodies with 2 bodies with 2 long long CeriCeri (tail (tail fibers)fibers)
ADULT
NAIAD
Diptera
• Contains mosquitoesmosquitoes & fliesflies
• One pair One pair functional wings
• Club-shaped haltereshalteres for balance
• Bodies often hairyhairy
Green Bottle Green Bottle flyfly
Hover FlyHover Fly
Fruit Fly
Aedes MosquitoAedes Mosquito
Dermaptera• Called earwigsearwigs• Long, flatflat bodies• ForcepsForceps (pincers) on end of abdomen
• Short, hard Short, hard forewings forewings (membranous wings folded underneath
• Large jaws (mandiblesmandibles) on head
EARWIG EATING EARWIG EATING CATERPILLARCATERPILLAR
PINCERS
Orthoptera• Grasshoppers, Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, locusts, crickets, katydidskatydids
• Very longlong bodies• Rear legs modified for jumpingjumping
• Females with egg laying tube (ovipositor on end of abdomen)
• Often communicate with chirping sounds
Lepidoptera• Moths, butterflies, & Moths, butterflies, & skippersskippers
• SiphoningSiphoning mouthparts coiled under head
• Powdery scales Powdery scales on wings
• Butterflies fold wings flatflat above body at rest
• MothsMoths are night activenight active• Important plant pollinators
Neuroptera• LacewingsLacewings• Net veined Net veined wings
• Small, delicate insects
• Long antennaLong antenna• Predators on other insects
• May feed on nectar
Thysanoptera• ThripsThrips• Two pairs of fringed wingsfringed wings• Feed on plant sapplant sap
Isoptera• TermitesTermites• Live in coloniescolonies• Feed on woodwood• Soft bodies Soft bodies & short antenna
• CastesCastes – workers, soldiers, kings, and queen
Mecoptera• Scorpion fliesScorpion flies• Last abdominal abdominal segments curved segments curved like scorpion
• Two pairs of narrow wingsnarrow wings
• Head elongated into a beak beak (rostrum)(rostrum)
• LongLong antenna
Homoptera
• Cicadas, leaf Cicadas, leaf hoppers, hoppers, wingless aphidswingless aphids
• If wings present, held roof like roof like over body & membranousmembranous
• Piercing-Piercing-suckingsucking mouthparts
Aphids
Cicada
Leafhopper
Odonata• Dragonflies & Dragonflies & damselfliesdamselflies
• DragonfliesDragonflies hold clear wings spread perpendicularperpendicular to body at rest
• DamselfliesDamselflies hold clear wings together over together over abdomenabdomen
Plecoptera
• StonefliesStoneflies• Aquatic Aquatic nymphsnymphs
• Aerial adultsadults are short short livedlived
• Make drumming drumming sound sound to find mates
Hymenoptera
• Bees, ants, Bees, ants, waspswasps
• Narrow waiNarrow waist connects thorax & abdomen
• Abdomen curved Abdomen curved downward
• May have stingerstinger on end of abdomen
Carpenter bee
Red ant
Yellow jacket
INSECT ORDERSINSECT ORDERS
WINGLESS INSECTSWINGLESS INSECTS
ThysanuraThysanura• Called Silverfish• Found around houses or outside under stones or wood
• Fast runners• Damage books• Secretive and active at night.
• Flat, long bodies• Long antennae• Three, long, tail like appendages
SiphonapteraSiphonaptera
• FleasFleas• EctoparasitesEctoparasites• Bodies laterally compressed
• Enlarged hind hind jumping legsjumping legs
• Very short antenna
Collembola• Called springtailsspringtails
• Small & soft bodied
• FurculaFurcula (jumping mechanism) on abdomen
• Furcula folds folds under the body under the body at rest
• Found in decaying decaying plant materialplant material
Anoplura• Sucking liceSucking lice• ParasitesParasites of mammals
• Very smallsmall• HeadHead and body body licelice are examples
• Attracted to children’s fine hair
• Carry disease
Mallophaga• Biting liceBiting lice• External parasites on birds & mammalsbirds & mammals
• Broad head Broad head & flattened body
• Feed on dead skin, feathers, and fur
MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
IncompleteINCOMPLETEINCOMPLETEMETAMORPHOUSMETAMORPHOUS
Insects change shape gradually!
Insects with Insects with IncompleteIncomplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
• SiphonapteraSiphonaptera (fleas)• IsopteraIsoptera (termites)• OrthopteraOrthoptera (grasshoppers & crickets)
• HemipteraHemiptera (true bugs)• HomopteraHomoptera (cicadas & hoppers)
EGG EGG NYMPH NYMPH ADULT ADULT
Wings NOT fully
developed
Youtube Video
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NutMWUlca-o
CompleteCompleteMetamorphosisMetamorphosis
Four stages that all look different
Insects with Insects with CompleteComplete MetamorphosisMetamorphosis
• ColeopteraColeoptera (beetles)
• HymenopteraHymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps)
• DipteraDiptera (flies)LepidopteraLepidoptera (butterflies)
EGG EGG LARVA LARVA PUPA PUPA ADULT ADULT
Youtube Video•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ype1Ik-k7VE&feature=related
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L21IGAhO-S4
Paul!!