instituto superior técnico masters in civil engineering · instituto superior técnico / masters...

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Instituto Superior Técnico / Masters in Civil Engineering – Regions and Networks 2010/2011

Instituto Superior Técnico Masters in Civil Engineering

REGIÕES E REDES

(REGIONS AND NETWORKS)

Theme 3: Regional Economic Impact of Private and Public Investment

Presentation of Assignment – Theme 3

Filipe Moura

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Assignment (I)

  Each group has to choose a rapidly growing (or declining) region and analyze the underlying reasons for the region’s regrowth and resilience (or decline). During the paper (and presentation), the students will indicate how they have reviewed the region's cycles of economic development (history) considering some of the theories and techniques covered in class. Students will be encouraged to use cases that they are already familiar with.

  Some examples of regions that experienced fast economic growth over the last two decades.  Barcelona/Catalunya (Spain), Glasgow (UK), Pittsburgh (USA),

Lille (France), Ireland, Slovenia

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Assignment (II)

  Students will divide into groups of three and will present a paper with no more than 5,000 words, i.e. approximately 15 pages, depending on the page format (excludes title, name of the students, abstract, keywords, or references).

  The final report will be due by December, 17th 2010 (24h00 in my mailbox).

  Each group has 20-30 minutes to do the presentation and another 20 minutes for class discussion. In other words, each group will be given 50 minutes.

  Presentations are on December, 9th 2010.

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Assignment (III)

  Grading Criteria: 1.  Relevance and complexity of the case-study you chose 2.  Rationale for explanation of the cycles of economic growth/

decline/regrowth of the region. 3.  Application of theories, techniques, and/or concepts covered in

lectures. Additional theoretical aspects are evaluated with the same criteria and importance. We will judge the appropriateness, relevance and thoroughness of your analysis, when referring to theoretical aspects.

4.  Appropriateness of information collected to sustaining your discussion.

5.  Clarity and quality of the paper. We will evaluate the paper structure, quality of presentation and your writing skills.

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Some questions and aspects you should consider (I)

  Is the region you chose experiencing economic growth or decline? Has there been previous periods of growth or decline? How long has been the region experiencing growth or decline?

  How did you measure growth or development? Indicators: GDP, value-added of the region, employment, population (pyramids are important), level of education, others.

  What are the sources of growth (or decline)? Relate sources of growth to factors of production (inputs for production)?   Natural resources? Minerals? Oil?   More capital invested? Public or Private?   New facilities/infrastructures provided by local/regional/national authorities?   Technology-based restructuration? Industrial clusters?   Investment on education (e.g., new universities/research centers)?

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Some questions and aspects you should consider (II)

  What lessons can you draw from your case-study for other regions?

 Are these lessons case-specific or are they transferable to other regions?

 Although history and context are important (background), there are also real processes and actions that you can look at to help us think about planning development and policy interventions elsewhere.

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The paper

  When writing the paper, we want you to be analytical, rather than descriptive:  What question will you answer? (Background and introduction)  What are your arguments? (what really happened that

generated the changes you observe)  What evidence can you draw on to support your claims?

  Evidence should be based mainly on facts and statistics (not only on other peoples/institutions judgment, although you can also refer to them).

  Sources can be statistics from regional/national/european authorities or, also, from reports (in the case they are produced by acknowledged institutions) and scientific papers.

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Structure of paper (I) - Guidelines

 Abstract (300 words)  Keywords (max. 5)  The paper

 Introduction (500-1000 words)   Present the motivation of the paper   Explain what is(are) the main objective(s) of the paper  Outline briefly how you will analyze the case-study

(methodology)   Present shortly the structure of the paper (usually, the

structure follows closely the methodology of analysis)

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Structure of paper (II) - Guidelines

 The paper  Characterization of the case-study (1500-2000 words)

  General aspects: location, city/region/country, geography (e.g., near the sea, mountains, valley, etc.), others that you think of.

  A bit of history.   General statistics (time series): population (evolution), GDP

(if adequate), employment, etc.   Structure of the economy: primary/secondary/tertiary

sectors, % contribution of local wealth, focus on the particularities of the city/region/country

  Provide terms of comparison (regional/national/EU statistics)

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Structure of paper (III) - Guidelines

 The paper  Cycles of economic growth/decline/regrowth?

(1500-2000 words)   Based on the previous characterization, identify the striking

features of evolution   Identify the problems underlying the decline (that you

observe today)   Identify the striking features that lead to economic recovering

(if any)   Interpret the phenomenon you identify in light of the

concepts, theory covered in class   Are there any lessons to be retrieved or are the phenomena

city/region/country specific?

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Structure of paper (IV) - Guidelines

 The paper  Conclusions? (500 words)

 Short summary of what you presented in the paper (including how you tackled the problem, the striking feature of your analysis, and your interpretation of what happened)

 Lessons learned, generalization in light of theories covered in class

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Structure of paper (VI) - Guidelines

 References  Do not copy what others have written. Quote or cite them?

  Quote when you use some author’s text (ipsis verbis) and you should use quotation marks (“…”).

  Cite when you use some authors information, reasoning, results, ...

  In all cases, you should include a reference after the quotation or after you cite some author and include the corresponding reference at the end of the paper.

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Structure of paper (VII) - Guidelines

 References  The basic rule in making references is that the reader should be

able to obtain the document/data you used in your research (not necessarily available in the web)

 One example of reference system for 3 different document types:   In text: (Silva, J., 2004, p.??)

»  Include pages if you quote a part of the text or if you refer to a specific table, figure, etc.

 At the end of the text: Journal paper: Silva, j. (2004), “title”, Journal title, Volume/issue, pages. Report: Silva, J. (2004), “title”, Institution, City/Country, URL (acces date)

Conference Paper: Silva, J. (2004), “title”, Conference name, location, date, pages.

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Structure of paper (VIII) - Guidelines

  In the beginning of the paper you should include:  Title of your paper  Name of the authors and affiliation (in this case you refer to

Instituto Superio Técnico - Course of Regions and Networks)

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Metropolitan Region of Barcelona

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Metropolitan Region of Barcelona   Basic facts:   Location: Spain / Catalonia   Geographical features: near the sea   Population: 3,2 million inhabitants (69% of Catalonia) in 636km2 (6th largest EU

community)   Striking facts:

  Together with the expansion of Barcelona city walls in late XIXth century, there was a big industrial development that made the region one of the strongest in the beginning of the XXth century (two world exhibitions).

  Coal and steel industries grow and decline follows after the Civil War (1936-39)   The city reaches saturation and dwellings develop towards the suburbs chaotically   Serious problems of urban decay in both inner and peripheral districts

  Post -1992 period (referred to ‘Barcelona model’):   Barcelona model urban regeneration began with ‘92 Olympic game   Polynuclear structure centered around Barcelona   New projects:Urban regeneration of Ciutat Vella, Project 22@ - Transformation of

Poblenou district, Forum 2004 – Transformation of Sea side district of Barcelona

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Glasgow

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Glasgow   Basic facts:   Location: UK / Scotland   Geographical features: inland but near a navigable river   Population: 1.75 million inhabitants

  Striking facts:   Long historical tradition of transatlantic maritime commerce (principally, American

tobacco)   During the industrial revolution, naval industry became one unique feature of

Glasgow   Built on old mines, revealing the importance of minerals in original prosperity   Outstanding economic growth was followed by overcrowding city centre and

housing deprivation   Followed a period of deindustrialization and huge losses of employment   Post- deindustrialization period:

  McInsey report (1985)   Culture and image (a fashionable Glasgow – Annual arts festival)   Urban regeneration of docklands, old factories, warehouses, etc.

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Pittsburgh

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Pittsburgh   Basic facts:   Location: USA / Pennsylvania   Geographical features: inland but near a navigable river   Population: 2.5 million inhabitants   Nickname: Steel City, City of Bridges

  Striking facts:   Dominant coal and steel industry in the world showing high prosperity since the

early 1930s   Change in demand, foreign competition, factors of production lead to

deindustrialization   Declining steel sector since the 60s with huge jobs losses and unemployment high

above 10% (50% in some areas) over more than a decade (80s-90s)   Post- deindustrialization period:

  “smoke control policies” of more industrialized areas ⇒ heavy industry left   Increased attractiveness ⇒ occupation by multinational corporation and

fashionable housing   Old-heavy industry substituted by high-tech firms (1980s)

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Lille

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Lille   Basic facts:   Location: France / Nord-Pas de Calais (close to Belgium border)   Geographical features: inland but near a navigable river   Population: 250 thousand inhabitants   Peculiarity: Mayor is Martine Aubry (current president of the French Socialist party)

  Striking facts:   Dominant coal, steel, metal industry and textile up to the 50s.   Change in demand, foreign competition, factors of production lead to

deindustrialization during the 60s and 70s   Family-based, paternalistic entrepreneurship as long dominated discouraging new

business introduction and creative spirit of employees   Post- deindustrialization period:

  Construction of the TGV and repositioning in regional terms (close to big economic centers in France but in other Central European countries, e.g., Brussels)

  Shift towards service sector during the 1990s being successful in trade and commerce-related employment and financial services.

  Important endeavor: Trade Centre Euralille with dubious consequences

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Business Clock Cycle (I)

  Tool that has been designed to better visualize business cycles and how some key economic indicators interact with the business cycle

  Business cycles refer to fluctuations of economic activity around their long term potential level

Downturn

Slowdown Recovery

Expansion

•  The vertical axis captures if values of the indicator under analysis is above (upper half of the chart) or below (lower half of the chart) long-term average

•  The horizontal axis captures the dynamic aspect of the cycles •  Series in the right are in a increasing

phase •  Series in the left are in a decreasing

phase

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Business Clock Cycle (II)

  The cyclical behavior displayed by the graph distinguishes four phases: 1.  the indicator is above its long-term trend and is increasing, 2.  it is still above the long-term trend, but after having reached a peak it is

now gradually moving downwards, 3.  after subsequent decreases it reaches levels below the long-term trend

and is heading into a trough, and 4.  gradually picks up again by pulling itself out of this trough with positive

numbers even though still under the long-term trend.

2-Downturn

3-Slowdown 4-Recovery

1-Expansion

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