Instruction Set

Mid Range PIC Microcontroller

Instruction Set Summary• Only 35 Instructions.• PIC16CXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided.• divided into an OPCODE & one or more OPERANDS.• OPCODE specifies instruction type• OPERANDS specify the operation of instruction.• All instruction are executed in 1 Cycle except Conditional

branch, its 2 Cycle.

Instruction Set Summary

• 4 Oscillator Pulse = 1 Instruction CycleIf using Oscillator = 4 MHz 1 Instruction Cycle = 1µsConditional branching = 2 µs

Word List : • f – any memory location or SPR.• W – Working Register• b – Bit position in ‘f’ register.• TOS – Top of Stack.• [ ] – Option• < > - Bit position inside register.

• Byte-oriented instruction

• Bit-oriented instruction

• Literal and Control operations instruction

Data Memory Map

Register File Map

Byte – Oriented Instructions

Byte – Oriented Instructions‘ f ’ – file register

(0x00 to 0x7F)‘ d ’ – destination register

file register – which register is to be used by instruction.

destination register - where the result of the operation to be placed.d = 0; result placed in W register.d = 1; result placed in file register

specified in instruction.

Bit – Oriented Instructions‘ b ’ – bit field ‘ f ’ – destination register

Ex : btfsc PORT A, 4

Literal and Control Instructions

Classification of Instructions

All 35 Instructions are broadly classified into categories:1. Single bit manipulation2. Clear/ Move 3. Increment/Decrement/Complement 4. Multiple Bit Manipulation 5. Addition /Subtraction6. Rotate7. Conditional Branch8. Go to/call/return9. Miscellaneous

Single bit manipulation

• bcf f,b• Bsf f,b

Examples:bcf portB,0bsf status,5 (carry)

Examples of Single Bit Manipulation Instruction

Clear/ Move

• Clr w (w=0)• Clrf f (f=0)• Movlw k (k W) (Data to working register)• Movwf f (W f) (Working Register to given

location or SPR)• Movf f, W (f W)• Swapf f, F(W)

Examples of Clear Instructions

Examples of Data transfer Instructions

Examples of Data transfer Instructions

Examples of Swap Instruction

Increment/Decrement/Complement

• Incf f, F(W)• Decf f, F(W)• Compf f, F(W)

Example of Inc/Dec Instructions

Examples of Complement Instruction

Multiple Bit Manipulation

• Andlw k (W and K W)• Andwf f, F(W) (W and f f or W)• Iorlw k (W or K W)• iorwf f, F(W) (W or f f or W)• xorlw k (W or K W)• xorwf f, F(W) (W or f f or W)

Examples of Multiple Bit Manipulation Instructions

Examples of Multiple Bit Manipulation Instructions

Examples of Multiple Bit Manipulation Instructions

Addition /Subtraction

• Addlw k (W + K W)• Addwf f, F(W) (f +W f or W)• Sublw (k – W W)• subwf f, F(W) (f -W f or W)

Examples of addition Instruction

Examples of Subtraction Instructions

Rotate

• Rlf f, F(W)• Rrf f, F(W)

Examples of Rotate Instructions

Conditional Branch

• Btfsc f , b• Btfss f , b• Decfsz f , F(W)• Incfsz f , F(W)

Examples of Conditional Branch Instructions

Examples of Conditional Branch Instructions

Go to/call/return

• Go to label• Call label• Return• Retlw k• retie

Examples of go to/ call Instructions

Examples of Return Instructions

Examples of Return Instruction

Miscellaneous

• Clrwdt• Sleep• Nop

Miscellaneous Instructions

Miscellaneous Instructions