instrumentation at nanostructure physics, kth rayuta yagi, anders liljeborg, jochen walter, mattias...
TRANSCRIPT
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Instrumentation at Nanostructure Physics, KTH
Rayuta Yagi, Anders Liljeborg, Jochen Walter, Mattias Urech, David HavilandPeter Ågren, Jan Johansson, Jonas Rundqvist, Karin Andersson, Silvia Corlevi
(not shown – Vladislav Korenivski)
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Our Realm in Experimental Physics
• Low energies (eV)
• Low Temperatures (20 mK)
• Small signals (nV, fA)
• Single charge (2e=1.3x10-18 C)
• Single flux quanta (0=2.06x10-15 W m2)
• Small dimensions (10 – 100 nm)
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Typical Sample and Measurement
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
-400 -200 0 200 400
I (pA)
V (µV)
B = 57 G
B = 66 G
B = 70 G
T=50mK
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KTH Nano-Fab Lab
•Nano and micro scale fabrication,imaging and metrology•Joint laboratory facility, broad user spectrum•Graduate students are users•Low overhead costs, flexible research environment
Philosophy
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K. A. Wallenberg Foundation
9 Msek, 1998•Electron-beam lithography•Plasma RIE•Wire bonder•clean benches, spinner, microscope, etc.
10 Msek , 2001•Atomic Force Microscope•Plasma RIE•Surface profilometer•photo lithography•clean benches
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Low Cost (semi) clean room environment
E-beam lithography
Surface Profilometer
Atomic Force Microscope
Vacuum Deposition
System
Laminar flow benches(spinner, development)
Wet bench, hood
Light Microscope
Phase 2 Instruments – Phase 1 Instruments
Wire Bonder
Photo Lithography
Reactive IonEtcher(s)
Fluorescence MicroscopeCooled CCD camera
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Low cost clean (enough) environment500 – 2000 particles per cubic foot
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Ventilated clean air hoodsparticle count < 1/ft.3 after 2 minutes
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Electron beam lithography•Versatile research tool•Beam writing and SEM capability, 6 inch laser stage.•High resolution (slow, nano features) and Low Resolution (fast, micro structure)
RaithTurnkey 150
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Thickness measurement
0.1 Å vertical resolution0.5 m horizontalLow force (ca. N?)
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Scanning Probe Microscope
Nanoscope IV Multi-mode: •AFM (air, liquid)•STM (air)•MFM, ESFM etc.•Image surface•Force measurement
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spin dependant transport in nano-scale junctions(Nanostructure Physics, KTH)
-400 -200 0 200 400
0
5
10
Left junction Right junction
MR (%)
Field (Oe)
Two closely spacedCo/AlOx/Co tunnel junctions
Room TemperatureMagneto-resistance (MR)
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Superconducting nano-circuits as quantum bits(Nanostructure Physics, KTH; Quantum Field Theory, SU)
GateSQUID
SETelectrometerAl Tunnel
junction
Aulead
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Nanostructured ferroelectrics for linear and nonlinear optics(Laser physics and quantum optics, KTH)
Photonic Bandgap Structures
ion-exchanged gratings in KTP = 800 nm, depth > 200 m • aspect ratio > 500:1• L= 2 mm, w=1mm
used as passive narrow band filters
Active devices – electrically addressable filters
sub-micron periodically domain inverted
structures fabricated for first time• = 720 nm, depth 500 m • aspect ratio > 500:1• L=1 mm, W= 1 mm
Top view
Bottomview
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Nano fabricated X-ray lenses(Biomedical and X-ray Physics, KTH)
Diffractive Optics -- Zone PlateCompact X-ray Microscope
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Nano-patterned surfaces for cell growth studies(Polymer Chemistry, KTH; Nanostructure Physics, KTH)
Optical microscope imageSine-wave grooves in PMMA
Electron-microscope image
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Protein A cys - biotin - neutravidin fluoro spheres self assemble on nanometer scale pattern(Nanostructure physics, KTH, Protein Engineering, KTH)
Neutravidin
40 nm fluorescent sphere
S-H PEG 50 Å
Au 2000 Å
10 m
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Measurement Equipment
• Low Temperatures (down to 20 mk)
• High Frequency (up to 2 GHz)
• Small Signals (fA, nV, Lockin, low noise AF)
• High Impedence (> G Ohm)
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Low Temperature
Dilution Refrigerator (Tmin 250 mK)
He3 Crostat (Tmin 250 mK)
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Low Frequency techniques
• Lockin Amplifier• Low noise preamplifiers
– Home-made based on BB OPA111, high source impedence, high CMR, symmetric baising circuit.
– Standford 560 (voltage) and 570 (current) preamps
• Noise Matching – match source impedance to input impedence of preamp at given frequency for minimum noise
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Network Analyizer up to 2GHz
Reflected and transmitted signal, Amplitude and phase
•Impedance of high inductance microstrips•Permiability of magnetic films•Characterize transmission lines, couplings, filters
No picture - Digital Sampling Oscilloscope with TDR module (ps resolution)
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Vibrating Sample Magnetometer
M vs. H of this magnetic filmsAlso “loop tracer”, real time rotation in plane of film
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Magneto-optical Kerr Effect
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Future HF Techniques
• ns or sub-ns rise time pulses
• Broadband cabling in to cryostat
• CW generator greater than 2 GHz
• AWF generator
• Pulsed RF
• Field calculations around microstrips
• Tricks …. opto-electric? ……