integration of large-scale res in island power systems prof. nikos hatziargyriou, national technical...
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Integration of Large-Scale RES in Island Power Systems
Prof. Nikos Hatziargyriou,National Technical University of Athens
Outline
RES in Greek Islands The Power System of Crete Smart Grids for the Greek Islands More Care Energy Management System Microgrids The Kythnos Experiment
Power Stations on Greek Non Interconnected Islands
36 Thermal StationsTotal installed capacity
MW
1.780
Capacity of new thermal units (2011 – 2015)
392
963 RES Stations80 Wind Farms883 PVs
33026570
Capacity of new RES stations(2011 – 2015)Wind FarmsPVsHybrid StationsCSP Stations
4151751307040
RES Production per system in 2010
470
48015,8 %
7,4 %
10,1 %13,9 % 8,5 %
8,2%
11,4 % 4,6 % 3,4 % 9,8 % 7,9 % 13,5 %0,9 %
13,6 %
Average Variable Cost per system (2010)
Very Small Islands New Power Stations & and Large islands
SMP
AVC
MykonosCrete
Significant increase of RES installation in Greek islands
based on new technologies Power Stations
• Hybrid Power Stations with Wind Farms, pump-storage systems and Hydroelectric Power Stations
Nominal capacity from 2 MW up to 75 MW
• Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Stations with storage systems of thermal energy from 4h up to 8h
Nominal capacity from 25 MW up to 70 MW
• Hybrid Power Stations with battery systems and Wind Farms or Sterling Generator.
Total RES installed capacity and productionin Greek Non Interconnected Islands for 2003-
2020
12,1%
28,2%
40 %
2015(MW)
W/F 428
PV 190
HPS 50
CSP 35
2018(MW)
W/F 517
PV 220
HPS 153
CSP 105
Power system of Crete
Crete – Operational Characteristics
Largest Island System in Greece with highest rate of energy and demand increase. Three thermal power plants, installed cap. 800 MW. Base-load mainly supplied
by steam and diesel units. Combustion turbine units
normally supply daily peak load at high running cost.
26 Wind farms of total Capacity 166 MW. Most of Wind Farms installed at the eastern part of the island.
PVs 60 MW
No. of Machines
Nominal Power (MW)
Linoperamata
Steam 6 110
Diesel 4 48
Gas 5 120
Chania
Gas 6 198
CC 1+2 132
Atherinolakos
SteamDiesel
22
100102
EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and Operating the Distribution Network for Exploitation of DER”, Cagliari, 27-30/9/04
EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and Operating the Distribution Network for Exploitation of DER”, Cagliari, 27-30/9/04
EES-UETP “Planning, Designing and Operating the Distribution Network for Exploitation of DER”, Cagliari, 27-30/9/04
Wind Park in Crete
Load and Wind Farm production
in Crete system during the year 2010
640MW170MW
=3.7
Rokas W/F output (13 May 1998)
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W/F
out
put
[MW
]
Hours
Rokas W/F output ( 20 May 1998 )
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101:
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015
:00
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W/F
out
put
[MW
]
Hours
HPS WF(28.9/11.9 MW)
HPS 5MW
HPS 5.1MW HPS WF(39.95/9.35 MW)
HPS 75 MW
HPS 5.1 MWHybrid 9MW
Development of Hybrid Power Stations with pumping systems
and CSP Power Stations in Crete up to 2018
HPS 12MW
CSP 25MW
CSP 70MWHPS 1.95MW
HPS 12MW
HPS 9MW
HPS 15MWHPS 1.95MW
CSP 50MW
POWER STATION TYPE (total capacity) STATIONS NOMINAL CAPACITY
Hybrid Power Station (151,1 MW) 11 2 – 75 MW
Concentrated Solar Power (243 MW) 5 25 – 70 MW
CSP 38MW
CSP 60MW
System Operation (27/6/2011)
(PV ~35MW)
Expensive unit usedTechnical minimum problem
High RES penetration (>30%)
Increased WF penetration
PV production is estimated. RES penetration>50%
Wind Production the day of year’s load peak (Aug.12.1999)
0
50
100
150
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450
500
0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00
Time
Lo
ad
{M
W]
Load [MW]
Wind Power Production [MW]
Voltage and frequency
Operating frequency bandwidth:49,9 - 50,1 Hz (Normal mode)49,3 - 50,5 Hz (Contingency mode) Operating voltage bandwidth: + 3,5 % Typical power reserve margins: 10% (spinning)
Operational problems
Technical limits of thermal base-load plant during valleys of load demand
Narrow tolerances of wind generators to voltage and frequency deviations
Loss of wind generation following incidents of system faults or system transients
Operational problems (continued) Wind availability, and short-term wind
variations (gusts) – the latter resulting in substantial power swings in wind generation outputs
Communication problems between the system Control Center and the Wind farms
Miscellaneous, such as: wind-generator maintenance and repairs, distribution line problems, etc
MORE CARE
Major functionalities of MORE CARE Forecasting Modules Unit Commitment/Economic Dispatch RES/Storage Management Optimal Power Flow Security Monitoring/Assessment
OPERATOR
SCADA system
DATA-BASE
SCHEDULER
SECURITYASSESSMENT
RENEWABLESFORECASTING
MAN-MACHINEINTERFACE
SECURITYMONITORING
ECONOMICDISPATCH
UNIT COMMITMENT
LOAD FORECASTING
The CARE System Architecture
Flow-chart
MMI of More Care System
MMI for Wind Forecast
Load & Wind Forecasting
Modern Systems Provide Advanced Capabilities
For Wind Power forecasting: ICCS participates in innovative projects:
Anemos.plus and SafeWind The information includes confidence
intervals and extreme events
Advanced Modules
Meteo Forecast
Unit Commitment /Economic Dispatch
The Unit Commitment problem becomes very complex:
Market Rules and Existing Contracts RES Management Future Storage Management Ancillary Services according to market
rules Technical Constraints and Reserve
Management
Unit Commitment /Economic Dispatch Advanced functionalities to provide
advice to the operators
Advanced Modules
Simple Messages to the operator
Security Monitoring/Assessment Operation of islands becomes very
complex It is very demanding for the operator to
consider power flow constraints or dynamic response of generators
Early Warning to the operators in case of security concerns is necessary – AI techniques
Dynamic Monitoring
& OPF
Simulation of 23 MW Gas Turbine Outage
Case 1. Load of 207.2 MW, Wind Power 69 MW, 33.3% penetrationCase 2. Load of 199 MW, Wind Power 55.73 MW, 28% penetration
Historical Data Management Online History Access
Statistics and Reporting
Conclusions
Increased RES penetration complicates islands operation
In Crete, the largest Greek island, RES annual energy penetration reaches 20%, hourly penetration might exceed 50%.
For secure and economical operation with increased RES penetration advanced EMS are required
MORE CARE provides advanced forecasting, scheduling and security warning functionalities.
Thank you!