intelligent grid & distributed energy (de) social dimension diane costello – research fellow...
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Intelligent Grid &
Distributed Energy (DE)
Social Dimension
Diane Costello – Research FellowProf Daniela Stehlik – Project Manager
Alcoa Research Centre for Stronger CommunitiesJune, 2008
C S I R OEnergy Transformed Flagship
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Disciplinary Background Community Psychology – Curtin & Notre
Dame Universities Rural & Indigenous communities. health, mental health, racism,
discrimination; crime, community sustainability, policy /program evaluation.
CSIRO - IG Energy Transformed project Social Scientist: “human, socio-political &
economic implications” - LEDE systems. “Sustainable Energy: Feasibility of DE
solutions for SMEs in rural communities”
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National Study – IG & DE EMBED - climate change & human, social,
political change - GHG mitigation. My ROLE?
“Intelligent Grid (IG) & DE” -Terry Jones, LEDE Theme Leader, CSIRO Energy Flagship, NSW.
“research-halving GHG emissions & doubling efficiencies -new generation technologies”.
“future vision for an electricity network in Australia - DE resources play a critical part”!
IG “using information, communications and control technologies to integrate the electricity network with DE resources.
DE “distributed/decentralised generation & use of energy”.
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CSIRO & University Partners1.Technological;2.Economic;3.So
cial
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DE Stand Alone or Connected Main Grid
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Distributed Energy DE
“distributed (decentralised) generation and use of energy”.
POWER “produced at or near point- consumption.
DE “small-scale stationary modular technology located close to consumer”.
Distributed Generation: -unit sizes “few kW to multi MW - under 30MW.
DE Resources – Sources: fossil fuels, renewables, fuel cells.
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•Reciprocating engines• Micro turbines• Fuel cells• Energy storage• PV, wind, solar thermal, hydro• Waste heat recoveryHeating, cooling, electricity• Demand side management• Communications and control
DE Technologies
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DE Systems & Energy Sources
DE Resources: ‘power quality; backup; primary source. E-Sources – Combined other
Technologies “promote efficiencies & reduce GHG emissions.
Denmark “decentralised cogeneration” (CHP/Combined Heat & Power) systems (natural gas engines, small biomass combusters)- local/municipal owned.
POLICY: reduced risks to investors; CHP, renewables and waste-to-energy projects priority access-main grid.
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Council of Woking
Burrough, Surrey
• DE networks: Woking Town Centre & Woking Park district & number of residential local community energy systems - based on CHP, fuel cell, photovoltaic, thermal storage & heat fired absorption cooling technologies.
1990s- mini Heat & Power Stations; thousands PV cells on roofs.2004 - 80% energy; GHG emissions - 77%.
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• 3 micro turbines - power & heating (hot water, pool, spas)• INTELLIGENT CONTROLS:(Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks) optimize performance•grid Isolation- outage
CHP- Hilton Garden Inn, Chesterton, Indiana
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Summary - DE Systems GENERATE power, heat & cooling - locally;
stand alone or connected to the grid – Existing & emerging technologies – under
30MW! INTEGRATE - variety sources: gas tech.;
renewables, traditional generation. COMPLEX: “heating, cooling & powering a
commercial building”. Integrating: solar panels, microturbines,
fuel cells & main grid electricity. GAS: from animal waste -cooking! Complementary – Efficiency;
Emissions!
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Advantages of DE Infrastructure: Decreased need to size
transmission networks for peak loads; Economics: reduces costs of transmission &
distribution system upgrades. Efficiency: No transmission losses from DE;
New generators - added in weeks; Capacity - added as needed; Waste heat - used for heating & cooling –
gains energy efficiency (30% to 80%) Sustainability: Renewable sources often
better suited for small size DE (solar, biofuels) Consumer: potential lower cost, higher
service reliability, high power quality, increased energy efficiency, energy independence.
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Evaluating Deployment of DE CONSENSUS -positive benefits DE Costs, Barriers - Drivers! Costs: Environmental, Social, Political,
Economic & Community Interests at Stake? Barriers: Connection costs - High!
High costs of Technology – discourages investment! Limited access, awareness – subsidies, grants! Policy, Regulations & Market access Human Behaviour: Economic Growth-sustainable
actions?
Drivers: Climate Change; Emissions Trading; Soaring energy prices; Energy Crisis!
ISSUES – holistic perspective – Deploy DE!
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Outcomes of National Research
Increase understanding of real benefits of DE options;
Clearer evaluation of value of DE options;
More effective public debate on the role of DE options;
More streamlined and consistent considerations of DE options in policy;
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Goals of this Research Social Implications- LEDE deployment -
sustainable energy & climate change. FOCUS – evaluating feasibility – DE
resources within SMEs sector. RECRUIT -key informants & stakeholders! PROCEDURES: interviews & focus group
discussions. KEY ISSUES:
Reliability of energy supply?Increase in Energy Demands?What DE options -currently available?The Barriers?Community acceptance?
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PROCEDURES - PARTICIPANTS
CASE SCENARAIOS – DE technologies being deployed in SME sector - Evaluate its feasibility!
Ethics & Confidentiality: notes: password-protected computer. Member Verification.
DATA - de-identified – confidential! Human Research Ethnics committee.
Discussions - Research focus & procedures?
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