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International Journal of

Biomedical Engineering

Jan – June 2016

IJBE

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International Journal of Biomedical Engineering is Bone plates, bone cements, cell biomaterial are the

focused area of the journal. Journal is a peer-reviewed journal that accepts both research and review papers.

Experimental and theoretical papers are accepted in this journal.

Focus and Scope of the Journal! Bone plates

! Bone cement

! Artificial ligaments and tendons

! Dental implants for tooth fixation

! Blood vessel prostheses

! Heart valves

! Skin repair devices

! Surface modification of biomaterials with proteins

! Synthetic biodegradable polymer

! Drug and gene vector design

! Cell biomaterial

International Journals of Biomedical Engineering is published twice a year (bi-annual) in India by

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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM

INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Bhanu Kiran Goriparthi GITAM University Visakhapatnam Andhra

Pradesh India,

Dr. Pierson Rathinaraj Institute of Bio-Medical Technologies

Auckland University of Technology Auckland, New Zealand.1142, New Zealand

Prof. Nil Ratan Bandyopadhyay School of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Engineering Science and

Technology, Shibpur, India

Bimal Prasad Singh CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials

Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Dr. Omprakash Yemul SRTM University Nanded, India

Dr. S. KrishnakumarAssociate Professor, Department of Biomedical

Engineering, Faculty of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai,

India

Dr. Tapati Jana Sarojini Naidu College for Women, Dumdum,

Kolkata, (West Bengal) India

Dr. PV. Mohanan Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura,

Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Dr. Rajesh Das Department of Applied Sciences, Haldia

Institute of Technology, Haldia, (West Bengal) India

Dr. Neeraj R. Prasad Dept of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji

University, Kolhapur, Maharastra, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Engineering. This journal is part of the

Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Biomedical Engineering issues,

from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Biomedical Engineering as

an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and

technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Biomedical Engineering community,

addressing researchers and practitioners in this area. The core vision of International journals of

Biomedical Engineering in Journals Pub is to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of

mankind ranging from the academic and professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range

of topics in Biomedical Engineering in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific

community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully. International Journals of

Biomedical Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Bone plates, Bone cement,

Dental implants for tooth fixation, Heart valves, Skin repair devices, Synthetic biodegradable polymer and

Drug and gene vector design.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Biomedical

Engineering and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Biomedical

Engineering. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an

innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new

developments in the field of Biomedical Engineering.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Biomedical Engineering

readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of it.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

Biomedical

1. Study of Physical Condition of Human Kidney Cells Shruti Mishra 1

2. Microbial Fuel Cell Technology Used for Increased Electricity Generation Abhilasha Singh 6

3. A Unique Practice to Unite Nature and DiseaseChandani Gupta 10

4. Discovering Color Blindness Using AlgorithmSrinivasulu Dhankla 14

5. Recognizable Proof of Specificity Determining Positions through Phylogenetic StudiesVikas Singh 21

Contents

IJBE (2016) 1–5 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Study of Physical Condition of Human Kidney Cells

Shruti Mishra* Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Micro and Nano Characterization Facility, Indian Institute of

Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The present work manages the strategy representing examining acoustic magnifying

instrument (SAM) for non-damaging testing of organic specimens (liver cells and kidney

cells). Acoustic microscopy was performed on liver cells and kidney cells for measuring their

thickness furthermore to decide their shapes. This system was likewise utilized for assessment

of interior harm to cells. SAM pictures were taken for further subjective and quantitative

evaluations. Utilizing the quantitative information got from the different output modes (A, B,

C-Scans), the season of flight and henceforth the material thickness and sound speed are

ascertained.

Keywords: scanning acoustic microscopy, non-destructive testing, liver cells and kidney

cells

INTRODUCTION

A Basic Introduction to Human Liver

Cells Liver is the biggest compound organ and

boss metabolic organ. The liver has an

extensive variety of capacities, including

detoxification of different metabolites,

protein amalgamation, and the creation of

biochemicals essential for processing.

IJBE (2016) 6-9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 6

International Journal of Biomedical Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Microbial Fuel Cell Technology Used for Increased

Electricity Generation

Abhilasha Sinha*

Department of Biotechnology, Kite Engineering College, Vadodra, India

Abstract

The appropriate, sagacious and imperativeness capable wastewater treatment remains a

curious stress among specialists. Microbial vitality segment (MFC) can offer such lovely

game plans. MFC is an electrochemical structure that followers invention essentialness of

engineered blends into force by method for metabolic activities of microorganisms. MFCs

are useful methodology for wastewater treatment in light of ejection of contaminants from

wastewater while meanwhile conveying electrical power. The wastewater, which is a

wellspring of enumerable extremophilic microbial verdure, is used as inoculum as a part of

various late studies.

Keywords: bioelectricity, domestic wastewater, inoculums

INTRODUCTION

Microbial power modules (MFCs) are

electrochemical gadgets that change over

the concoction vitality contained in natural

matter into power by method for the

synergist (metabolic) action of living

microorganisms. A run of the mill MFC

comprises of anode and cathode isolated

by a cation-particular layer. In the anode

council of an MFC, microorganisms

oxidize fuel (substrate) producing

electrons and protons. Electrons are

exchanged through an outside circuit

while the protons diffuse through the

answer for the cathode, where electrons

consolidate with protons and oxygen to

shape water. As of late, MFCs are getting

more ubiquity because of their viability to

create power alongside wastewater

treatment.

Wastewater is a prime wellspring of toxins

and enumerable extremophilic microbial

greenery. Extremophiles present in the

wastewater itself can be used in MFCs.

However these organisms are of

heterogeneous nature and lead to normal

execution. Wastewater molding with some

extra effective microorganisms can

quicken the execution of MFC. Since

ages, humanity and yeast built up a

cooperative relationship.[1–5]

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Domestic Wastewater Wastewater test was gathered from the

grounds waste treatment plant. Spot tests

were gathered and transported to the

research facility for physicochemical

investigation. These parameters

incorporate pH, all out disintegrated

solids, all out suspended solids, shading,

synthetic oxygen request (COD) and

natural oxygen request (BOD). Every

example was left undisturbed for 24 h at

35°C under anaerobic conditions to settle

the strong particulate substance before

examination. Wastewater test was kept in

a fridge at 4°C, when not being used. The

examples were separated into two



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A Unique Practice to Unite Nature and Disease

Chandani Gupta* Department of Biotechnology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Surat, Gujarat, India

Abstract

The most primitive and powerful technique from pre-notable time to recuperate wounds, cure

illness and calm enduring; is treatment with the assistance of plants concentrate.

Imperviousness to hostile to microbial operators has led to treatment disappointment and the

movement of therapeutic consideration from conventional to natural pharmaceutical. The

greater part of the home grown solutions being used anticipate approval of their asserted

impacts and potentially the advancement of novel antimicrobial medications from them. All

aspects of plant from root to tip can possibly be utilized as a part of the generation of

medications against numerous ailments.

Keywords: Apis melifera, Isatis microcarpa, lycopene, Momordica balsamina, natural

products

INTRODUCTION

The utilization of conventional drug to

treat different contaminations created by

certain pathogenic life forms has been

honed following the source of humanity,

and in past it was the main strategy

accessible. Right now, because of the

nonattendance of adequate current human

services framework especially in country

ranges, individuals want to visit customary

healers and home grown prescriptions. A

wealth of characteristic assets for

therapeutic use exist around the world, of

which numerous have not yet been

misused for conceivable application in the

pharmaceutical business.

Characteristic sources incorporate plants,

creatures, microorganisms and marine life.

Plants are the most used common asset for

applications in the pharmaceutical science

and still include the main normal hotspot

for new medications and lead mixes,

because of their availability and wealth.

The present survey paper offers an outline

of mixes from various common sources

that have been found to show action

against assorted sorts of illnesses.[1–7]

Honey – The Natural Product for

Antibacterial Activity

Nectar created by bumble bees (Apis

melifera) is one of the most established

accessible customary medications thought

to be critical in the treatment of respiratory

affliction, gastrointestinal contamination

and different infections. It has been

utilized adequately as a dressing for

wound, (counting surgical injuries),

smolders and skin ulcers to diminish

agony and smell rapidly. Nectar like other

immersed sugar syrups and sugar glues,

has an osmolarity adequate to hinder

microbial development in the influenced

zone or somewhere else. It has been

contemplated that, nectar invigorates

monocytes in cell societies to discharge

the cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6,

which are the cell errand people that enact

the insusceptible reaction to disease.



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Discovering Color Blindness Using Algorithm

Srinivasulu Dhankla*

Department of CS and SE, AUCE (A), Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract This paper is planned to build up a back engendering counterfeit neural system (ANN) model

that could recognize crop plants from weeds. Albeit just the shading records connected with

picture pixels were utilized as inputs, it was accepted that the ANN model could build up the

capacity to utilize other data, for example, shapes, verifiable in these information. The

756×504 pixel pictures were taken in the field and were then trimmed to 100×100-pixel

pictures portraying stand out plant, either a corn plant or weeds. There were 40 pictures of

corn and 40 of weeds. The capacity of the ANNs to separate weeds from corn was then tried

on 20 different pictures. An aggregate of 10 pictures of corn plants and weeds were utilized

for preparing purposes. For some ANNs, the achievement rate for characterizing corn plants

was as high as 100%, though the most elevated achievement rate for weed acknowledgment

was 80%. This is viewed as tasteful, given the constrained measure of preparing information

and the PC equipment impediments. Accordingly, it is inferred that an ANN-based weed

acknowledgment framework can possibly be utilized as a part of the exactness splashing of

herbicides in horticultural fields.

Keywords: achromatopsia, blue cone monochromatism, dyschromatopsia, horticulture

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Engineering is the use of

personal computer innovation to the

administration of natural data. Computers

are utilized to accumulate, store,

investigate and incorporate the natural and

hereditary data which can then be

connected to quality based medication

disclosure and improvement. The

requirement for biomedical capacities has

been encouraged by the blast of openly

accessible genomic data coming about

because of the human genome venture.[1,2]

Bioinformatics and Its Study The bioinformatics is the platform where

merging of molecular biology with

computer technology takes place. It is

vital to the utilization of genomic data in

comprehension of human diseases and in

the distinguishing proof of new molecular

targets that focuses on medication

disclosure. In acknowledgment of this,

numerous colleges, government

organization and numerous

pharmaceutical firms have shaped

bioinformatics bunches, comprising of

computational researcher and

bioinformatics computer researchers.

Such gatherings will be keys to unwinding

the mass of data created by extensive scale

sequencing endeavors in progress in

research centers the world over.

Computational science and bioinformatics

are multidisciplinary fields, including

analysts from various ranges of claim to

fame, including measurements, software

engineering, material science, organic

IJBE (2016) 21–24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 21


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Recognizable Proof of Specificity Determining Positions through

Phylogenetic Studies

Vikas Singh* School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra,

India

Abstract

A constantly developing push to apply computational energy to the joined concoction and

natural space with a specific end goal to streamline drug revelation, outline, improvement

and enhancement can be accomplished through computational methodologies. Herpes

simplex is a disease that is brought on by a herpes simplex infection (HSV), and is a standout

amongst the most widely recognized human contaminations transmissible to a body site.

Contamination with HSV can bring about a few illnesses running from obvious diseases and

self-restricting cutaneous injuries to deadly encephalitis. In the present study, the

computational methodology is being connected to distinguish the potential medication

inhibitors and target receptors through computational displaying and medication planning

strategies in which the abdominal muscle initio demonstrating was performed utilizing I-

Tasser and docking was done utilizing Autodock Vina.

Keywords: I-Tasser, MSA, Q-Site Finder

INTRODUCTION

Herpes is a member of the family

Herpesviridae which consists of enveloped

double-stranded DNA viruses. The

Herpesviridae family is divided into three

major groups according to biological and

genomic behavior including alpha-herpes

viruses, beta-herpes viruses, and gamma-

herpes viruses.

The alpha-herpes viruses encompass three

major viruses which include herpes virus-1

(HSV-1), herpes virus-2 (HSV-2), and

varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Man serves

as the sole natural host to these viruses.

HSV-1 and HSV-2 are the most closely

related out of all the herpes viruses with

60% genomic homology. Herpes simplex

is a contamination that is brought on by a

herpes simplex infection (HSV), and is a

standout amongst the most widely

recognized human diseases transmissible

to a body site. Contamination with HSV

can bring about a few illnesses running

from evident diseases and self-restricting

cutaneous sores to deadly encephalitis.

Essential disease happens through a break

in the mucous layers of the mouth or

throat, by means of the eye or privates or

specifically by means of minor scraped

areas in the skin.

Beginning contamination is generally

asymptomatic, despite the fact that there

might be minor neighborhood vesicular

injuries. There then takes after deep rooted

idle contamination with intermittent

reactivation.

An idle disease is described by the

nearness of viral genomes (in the cores of

tactile neurons) and the nonappearance of

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Mechanical Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

Civil Engineering

Electrical Engineering

Material Sciences and Engineering

Chemistry

5 more...4 more...

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Biotechnology

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Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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Jan – June 2016

IJBE

international journal of biomedical engineering vol 2 issue-1

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