INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

ITTO

PROJECT PROPOSAL

TITLE

PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF KEMENYAN (STYRAX SPP.) RESOURCE INVOLVING LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS IN TOBA REGION OF NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

SERIAL NUMBER

PD 824/16 (F)

COMMITTEE

REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY

GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA

ORIGINAL LANGUAGE

ENGLISH

SUMMARY The overall objective of the proposed project is to promote interest of local stakeholders in conservation and development of kemenyan (Styrax spp.) resource through improved livelihood of local communities. Its specific objective is to implement an adequate strategy for sustainable development and utilization of kemenyan resource in Toba region of North Sumatra province. The expected outputs of the project are: i). support of local government on development an utilization of kemenyan resource strengthened; ii). participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization promoted; and iii). interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development elevated. The project will be implemented in a participatory manner involving local stakeholders including local government, local communities, NGOs, universities and professionals. To minimize risk, support of local governments and cooperation of local communities should be secured since the very early stage of project implementation. EXECUTING AGENCY COLLABORATING AGENCY

EXTENSION AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (EHRDA), MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY (MOEF) AEK NAULI FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (ANFRI)

DURATION 36 MONTHS

APPROXIMATE STARTING DATE

TO BE DETERMINED

BUDGET AND PROPOSED SOURCES OF FINANCE

Contribution Local Currency Source in US$ Equivalent

ITTO Gov’t of Indonesia TOTAL

613,054 115,860

728,914

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ i Project Brief .................................................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviation and Acronyms ................................................................................................. iii Map of Project Area ........................................................................................................................ iv

Part 1 Project Context .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Origin ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Relevance .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1. Conformity with ITTA 2006 objectives ..................................................................... 1 1.2.2. Relevance to Indonesia’s policies ........................................................................... 2

1.3. Target area ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.3.1. Geographic location ................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2. Social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects ........................................... 3

1.4. Expected outcomes at project completion ......................................................................... 4

Part 2 Project Rationale and Objectives ...................................................................................... 5 2.1. Rationale ............................................................................................................................ 5

2.1.1. Institutional set-up and organizational issues ......................................................... 5 2.1.2. Stakeholder analysis ............................................................................................... 5 2.1.3. Problem analysis ..................................................................................................... 6 2.1.4. Logical framework matrix (LFM) .............................................................................. 9

2.2. Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1. Development objective and impact indicators ......................................................... 10 2.2.2. Specific objective and outcome indicators .............................................................. 10

Part 3 Description of Project Interventions ................................................................................... 11 3.1. Outputs and activities ........................................................................................................ 11

3.1.1. Outputs .................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2. Activities .................................................................................................................. 11

3.2. Implementation approaches and methods ........................................................................ 11 3.3. Workplan ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.4. Budget ............................................................................................................................... 14

3.4.1. Master budget schedule .......................................................................................... 14 3.4.2. Consolidated yearly budget by component .............................................................. 18 3.4.3. ITTO yearly budget by component .......................................................................... 21 3.4.4. Executing agency yearly budget by component ..................................................... 24

3.5. Assumptions, risks and sustainability ................................................................................ 25 3.5.1. Assumptions and risks ............................................................................................ 25 3.5.2. Sustainability .......................................................................................................... 25

Part 4 Implementation Arrangements .......................................................................................... 26 4.1. Organizational structure and stakeholder involvement mechanism .................................. 26

4.1.1. Executing agency and partners ............................................................................... 26 4.1.2. Project management team ...................................................................................... 26 4.1.3. Project steering committee ...................................................................................... 26 4.1.4. Stakeholder involvement mechanism ..................................................................... 26

4.2. Reporting, review, monitoring and evaluation ................................................................... 26 4.3. Dissemination and mainstreaming of project learning ......................................................... 27

4.3.1. Dissemination of project learning ............................................................................ 27 4.3.2. Mainstreaming of project learning ........................................................................... 28

Annex 1 Profile of the Executing Agency ....................................................................................... 29 Annex 2 Project Organizational Structure ...................................................................................... 30 Annex 3 Curricula Vitae of Personnel Provided by EA .................................................................. 31 Annex 4 Outlines of Terms of Reference ....................................................................................... 32

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Project Brief

Indonesia is blessed with a vast kemenyan resource both in natural forest and ex-situ habitat. The resource was an important and source of income for local communities living nearby the forest till two decades ago with income share in average household income reaching 70 percent. This importance however, has been weakening since the turn of the century for different problems this proposed project attempts to resolve or minimize by implementing the relevant interventions.

The key problem addressed by proposed project is “inadequate development and utilization of kemenyan (Styrax spp.). Accordingly, the specific objective is to implement an adequate strategy for sustainable development and utilization of kemenyan (Styrax spp.) resource in Toba region of North Sumatra province. The specific objective is to be achieved through delivery of three outputs: i). Support of local government on development an utilization of kemenyan resource strengthened; ii). Participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization promoted; iii). Interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development elevated.

The project will be implemented by the Siantar Office of EHRDA in collaboration with the Aek Nauli Forestry Research Institute (ANFRI), under the supervision of EHRDA, in three districts of Toba region, namely: Tapanuli Utara, Humbang Hasundutan and Toba Samosir as these districts are historically the prominent producers of kemenyan. The project will be implemented in a collaborative, participatory fashion by involving the relevant and competent such partners as national consultants, local universities, local NGOs, district government authorities as different levels, local communities and Aek Nauli forestry research institution.

The risks foreseen relating to the key assumptions made are: i) that the district governments are supportive of the project and ii) local communities are cooperative with the project. To minimize risks, these assumptions should be made valid during the project duration mainly through early, adequate communication and dialogue with these primary stakeholders.

The amount of budget proposed is USD 728,914 comprising USD 613,054 ITTO’s contribution and USD 115,860 of GOI’s contribution. ITTO funds will be used to pay for personnel USD 195,800 (31.94%), for duty travel USD 55,020 (8.97%) and for capital items USD 5,900 (0.96%).

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List of Abbreviation and Acronyms

ANFRI : Aek Nauli Forestry Research Institute BCF : Business Consulting Firm\ CA : Collaborating Agency CBD : Convention on Biological Diversity DNT : Dalihan Na Tolu EA : Executive Agency EFRDIA : Environment and Forestry Research, Development and Innovation Agency EHRDA : Extension and Human Resource Development Agency IDR : Indonesian Rupiah ITC : Information Technology Consultant ITTA : International Tropical Timber Agreement ITTO : International Tropical Timber Organization LTCA : Lake Toba Catchment Area MM : Man Month MOEF : Ministry of Environment and Forestry NC : National Consultant NE : National Expert NGO : Non-Governmental Organization NTFP : Non-Timber Forest Product PC : Project Coordinator PF : Project Finance PS : Project Secretary PSC : Project Steering Committee PTC : Project Technical Committee PT : Project Technician R&D : Research and Development RDI : Research, Development and Innovation SOP : Standard Operating Procedures YPO : Yearly Plan of Operation

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Figure 1. Map of the Project Area

BALIGE

Toba Lake

North Sumatera Province Map. Project-proposed Locations: Toba Samosir, Tapanuli Utara, Humbang Hasundutan. (3 Regencies) star-shaped attributes

Project Area

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Part 1 Project Context

1.1. Origin

Styrax spp are tropical tree species known to grow naturally in the forests of Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. In Indonesia three species have been found in Sumatra, namely Styrax sumatrana, S.benzoine DRYAND and S.Subpaniculatra JUNGH, the first two species listed are commonly found in Toba region while the last two species listed are scatteredly found in South Sumatra region (Heyne, 1927). The two species found in Toba region, Styrax sumatrana and S.benzoin are collectively identified as kemenyan trees, locally called haminjon.

Kemenyan trees have been utilized by Tobanese people for centuries by tapping the trees using traditional technique to produce a class of resin called “haminjon” locally or “kemenyan” nationally. It is noted that both the tree and its product are given the same name: haminjon or kemenyan. Kemenyan has been traditionally used mostly in sacred and religious ceremonies. With the advancement of technology, kemenyan has also been used by pharmaceutical industry as ingredient of different drugs, by perfume, aromatic industry primarily as fixative agent able to preserve fragrance for long duration and by Indonesia cigarette industry as ingredient producing special aroma.

Kemenyan had once an important source of livelihood for Tobanese local communities. Many households had been prosper by kemenyan that shared up to 70 percent of their income. For decades now, especially after the turn of the century, contribution of kemenyan to livelihood of Tobanese people has diminished rapidly for various reasons including plummeting price, reduced number of tappers especially among younger generation and occurrence of alternative sources of instant income. These problems are reflective of inadequate development and utilization of kemenyan resource that, if remains unresolved, may diminished interest of local stakeholders in the conservation and development of the resource.

Realizing the different problems on development and utilization of kemenyan resource, there is an urgent need to initiate adequate efforts for development and utilization of this resource. This proposed project is the sole initiative of the executing and implementing agencies that aims to resolve those problems on development and utilization of kemenyan resource involving local stakeholders.

1.2. Relevance 1.2.1. Conformity with ITTA 2006 objectives

The project aims to increase utilization of kemenyan resource with participation of local communities, mostly are poor people. To facilitate their productive participation, the communities will be trained on appropriate techniques for kemenyan harvesting and quality control. Such participation is expected to contribute significantly to augmenting income in a sustainable manner. Therefore, proposed project is in conformity with Objective c of ITTA 2006, i.e. contributing to sustainable development and to poverty alleviation.

Under the proposed project, local communities and civil servants will be trained on how to develop kemenyan resource through plantation development and utilize the resource in an efficient and sustainable manner. Thus the project will enhance the capacity to conserve as well as increase value added of kemenyan resource, which is in agreement with Objective f of ITTA 2006 “……. as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests”.

The proposed project deals with kemenyan, a precious non-timber forest product obtained from Styrax spp. Efficient and sustainable utilization of these trees will improve livelihood of the poor local communities; improved livelihood is surely a strong incentive for supporting sustainable forest management. Hence, proposed project is consistent with Objective q of ITTA 2006 i.e. promoting better understanding of the contribution of NTFP and environmental services to the sustainable management of tropical forests ….

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The proposed project is also in conformity with the ITTO Strategic Action Plan 2013-2018 as follows:

i. Strategic Priority 2 : Increase the contribution of tropical forests to national and local economies, including through international trade

• The project is promoting utilization of kemenyan resource in an efficient and sustainable manner for domestic consumption and exports which is expected to improve livelihood of local communities and contribute to local economies

• The project also concerns with improving product quality in order to meet the requirements of international markets

ii. Strategic Priority 3 : Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in tropical timber producing forests • The project deals with improving livelihood of local communities through utilization of Styrax

spp. which will serve as a strong incentive for the communities to conserve these endemic, indigenous species.

• In addition, training on efficient harvesting techniques and on plantation development should contribute to sustainability of Styrax spp.

iii. Strategic Priority 6 : Build and develop human resource capacity to implement SFM and increase trade in forest goods and services from sustainably managed forests • Human resource capacity building is a major intervention of the project, targeting both

kemenyan farmers and local civil servants • Improved skills of primary beneficiaries will enable them to increase quantity and quality of

kemenyan, tradable in both domestic and export markets

As the proposed project is aimed at improving welfare of local communities through plantation development and sustainable use of Styrax spp. resource, it obviously is relevant with the fourth objective of Joint ITTO-CBD Initiative for Tropical Forest Biodiversity.

1.2.2 Relevance to Indonesia’s policies

The proposed project is aimed at improving the utilization and development of kemenyan resource through increased support of local governments, local communities and development of kemenyan plantation. These objectives are consistent with the government policies on the utilization and development of NTFPs, namely:

• Forestry ministerial decree P35/2007 on the listing of NTFPs for development and management by the ministry

• Forestry ministerial decree P39/2013 on empowerment of local communities through partnership with forest managers and industries with the objective to improve communities’ livelihood

In addition, the project’s objectives are also consistent with MOEF’s mid-term action plan for NTFPs development, covering the period from 2015 to 2019, wherein program on extension and capacity building is a top priority.

1.3. Target Area 1.3.1. Geographic location

In Sumatra island, natural distribution of Styrax spp. is concentrated in Tapanuli region which is the forest area surrounding the Toba Lake in the south-west that comprises seven districts, namely: Tapanuli Utara, Tapanuli Tengah, Tapanuli Selatan, Humban Hasundutan, Toba Samosir, Dairi and Pakpak Barat. Local communities also have planted Styrax, mostly Styrax Sumatrana in this regiou since decades ago, sparked by the then lucrative market price.

Available statistics indicated that the most important district producing kemenyan in recent years are districts of Tapanuli Utara, Humbang Hasundutan and Toba Samosir which, together, shared over 90 percent of the total volume of kemenyan production. The extent of forest area occupied by

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kemenyan in these three districts was estimated at nearly half a million hectares while the area of plantation reached 21,449 hectares in 2013, much larger than the total plantation area in the other four districts. In addition, kemenyan had once contributed significantly to livelihood of the local communities in the three districts, shared up to 70-75 percent of household income (Silalahi, et.al. 2013). These were the reasons for choosing Tapanuli Utara, Humbang Hasundutan and Toba Samosir districts as the area of project location.

The target districts are bordering to each other and can be reached by car in around three hours from the Siantar Office of EHRDA or six hours from Medan, the capital city of North Sumatra province. Map of the target area appears as Figure 1.

1.3.2. Social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects a. Social-cultural aspect

The size of population in the target area was nearly 624,000 in 2013 or a density of 74 people/km2. The populace is dominated by Tobanese clan or lineage with Chinese, Javanese and Minangkabau as the minority family groups. Majority of the populace is followers of Christianity and, not surprisingly, Christian leaders have strong influence on social decision making.

Tobanese people follow the so called patriarchy social system wherein a father is the ruler of the household thus has power supremacy in the family. Hence, the father has a strong influence on family decision making. In addition, Bataknese strictly adhere, as to date, to what they call “dalihan na tolu or DNT” that strongly directs relationship between family groups and has a strong influence on decision making at the community level. The DNT says that a man must, at all times, respect his king (the father of his wife including the father’s brothers), be compatible with his own brothers and admire his son-in-law (including the brothers). In reality, DNT has been functioning well as an effective social control instrument and making community member to behave in accordance with traditional, social norms.

It is worth mentioning that Tobanese people adore education and educated people are honestly respected; the higher the education level, the stronger the respect is given by community members. So important is education for Tobanese people that most of households are willing to pay cost of schooling for children using borrowed money charged with interest. It is not surprising to know that, today, Tobanese are probably the most educated people in Indonesia, i.e. highest percentage of population completing higher education.

b. Economic aspect

The per capita annual income of Tobanese people in 2012 was IDR 7.84 million, equivalent to USD 653 at an exchange rate of IDR 12,000 per USD. Indeed, people are generally poor, with daily income of less than USD 2.0/person. The primary source of income is agriculture, ranges from 51 percent in Toba Samosir district to 81 percent in Humbang Hasundutan. People grow paddy on irrigated lands; on dry lands they plant coffee, fruit trees, clove and a variety of vegetables. In addition, some community members living nearby the forests collect NTFPs especially kemenyan or engage in livestock raising especially pigs or fish raising primarily golden fish. It is to be noted that local markets for pigs and golden fish are steadily strong as these are the main food menu for any traditional, customary ceremonial events.

Before the turn of the century, kemenyan was an important source of income, at least for the households in Tapanuli district. As reported by Silalahi et.al. (2013), the share of kemenyan sales in household income could be as high as 70 to 75 percent in this particular disctrict. The share, however, has since been continuously decreasing due to the various problems this proposed project aims to resolve or minimize.

Magnitude of farmers’ income is determined by unit selling price and the quantity produced. Unit selling price is influenced by quality of kemenyan that depends on kemenyan tree species, tapping technique, color and size of resin pieces. Improved tapping technique is believed, ceteris paribus, able to increase unit selling price of kemenyan. The quantity of production is steadily decreasing due to weakening interest in tapping, especially among the younger generation, aging kemenyan trees and

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availabitliy of alternative sources of immediate income. How to increase contribution of kemenyan to livelihood is among the matters to be dealt with by the proposed project.

c. Environmental aspects

The target area is part of the Lake Toba catchment area (LTCA) and the lake is among the prime tourism destinations being promoted by the tourism government authority in appreciation of its beauty. The lake has been proposed to UNESCO to be recognized as a geopark called Toba Caldera in as part of the efforts to conserve the lake and the surrounding nature beauty.

Kemenyan trees grow in natural habitat in association with other such species as hoting (Quercus spp. and Lithocarpus spp.), simartolu (Schima wallichii) and tusam (Pinus merkusii). Increased contribution of kemenyan to livelihood is a strong incentive to conserve the species and, simultaneously, association of the plants, thus the forests. Conserving the forests in the target area is no doubt will contribute to the conservation of the environment in the LTCA.

The proposed project is also promoting development of kemenyan plantation in the target area especially on unproductive, degraded community lands. This tree planting program will, in no doubt, contribute to conservation of the environment through improved and sustainable livelihood of the local communities residing in the LTCA.

1.4. Expected outcomes at project completion

The specific objective of the project is to implement an adequate strategy, especially among the primary stakeholders, for development and utilization of kemenyan resource in a sustainable manner. Enhanced strategy will be achieved through strengthened support of local governments, increased participation of local communities and expanded plantation area. Enhanced strategy will have been experienced not only in the three target districts, but also in neighboring districts through informal, unplanned communication among residents and civil servants. To further intensify such dissemination of information, other non-target district governments and selected community leaders could be invited to attend planned district level workshops on kemenyan management.

Strengthened support of local governments will inevitably cause changes in different forms that contribute to enhancement of strategic management of kemenyan resource. Such changes may include provision of training on needed skills for harvesting and plantation development, introduction of policies on market competition, investment tax allowance, and other positive interventions.

Increased participation of local communities will certainly improve supply capacity. More importantly, training on harvesting techniques should increase productivity and quality of kemenyan which will translate to augmented income. Experiments on harvesting procedures and techniques are expected to come up with the best practical harvest technique in place of the conventional method practiced by farmers today.

Expanded plantation of kemenyan will certainly secure sustainability of the resource provided that excessive harvest is under control of concerned local authorities. The skills acquired by farmers are an investment that can be utilized in the long-terms and these skills are surely transferable among family members and peers. In addition, increased availability of quality planting material using tissue culture technique is expected to boost up kemenyan plantation development thus contribute to the resource conservation.

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Part 2 Project Rationale and Objectives

2.1. Rationale 2.1.1. Institutional set-up and organizational issues

The management of NTFP resources, including kemenyan, is the domain of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF). Therefore, this ministry shall define management objectives and policies on kemenyan resource development and utilization. In addition, district governments, through their respective forestry agencies are also involved in the planning and implementation of any kemenyan development program and projects because the head of a district is the “landlord or landuse regulator”. The other local institutions that affect kemenyan resource management despite their informal state, are the customary and religious institutions through their influence on community decision making and on conduct of community members.

As far as kemenyan resource management is concerned, the aforementioned institutions are weak in terms of coordination and capacity in planning, implementation as well as monitoring and evaluation of development programs and projects. The weak coordination is attributable to the sometimes unclear MOEF policy on kemenyan resource development in light of decentralized district governments, absence of mandated leading authority, underevaluation of potential contribution of kemenyan resource to local economic development and nature conservation and poor communication amongst the institutions. The weak institutional capacity is mainly due to the limited number of experienced or trained professionals on kemenyan resource development and weak decision making due to poor information on the various aspects of kemenyan resource development and utilization.

It is, therefore, expected that the project will serve as an effective means to strengthen institutional coordination and, at the same time, to provide opportunity for learning the knowledge and skills needed for kemenyan resource development, not only for local communites but also for district government managers and staffs.

2.1.2. Stakeholder analysis

During the project formulation process, the primary stakeholders of kemenyan resource, especially the local communities and governments had been consulted. Dialogues with selected farmers in three primary kemenyan producing districts had been conducted. The purposes of such consultation and dialogue were to obtain first hand information on the problems facing the kemenyan resource development and utilization. It was found that the primary stakeholders were eager to support envisaged project objectives and interventions if they are engaged, as appropriate, in project implementation process. The stakeholder analysis is summarized in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1. Summary of stakeholders analysis

Stakeholder group

Characteristics Problem/need/ interest

Potential Involvement in the project

Primary stakeholders • Farmers/local

communities − Resource owners − Poor − Market

− Low selling price − Low productivity − Increased income

− Traditional skills − Natural ties

− Primary beneficiary

− Trainees − Member of PSC − Selected activities

• Local governments

− Strong influence on landuse plan

− Leading institution in community development

− Increased revenue from kemenyan

− Lack of experience and professionals

− Mobilization of extension officers

− Introduction of policy incentive

− Primary beneficiary

− Member of PSC

• Kemenyan traders

− Strong influence on market

− Profit maximizers − Capital owners

− Increased production

− Skillful farmers

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Secondary stakeholders • Siantar Office

of MOEF EHRDA

− Center for education and training

− Implementer of MOEF policy on NTFPs

− Lack of experience in kemenyan business

− Skillful farmers − Sustainable

kemenyan resource

− Conduct training − Provide long-term

assistance

− Executing Agency − Secretary of PSC − Contact with ITTO

• MOEF − Regulates NTFPs development

− Formulator of HRD policy

− Sustainable kemenyan resource

− Increased welfare of communities

− Empowered communities

− Recruitment of extension officers

− Counter budget

− Chairman of PSC − Monitoring &

evaluation

• Local NGOs − Independent agent of development

− Non-profit oriented

− Short of funding on facilitation

− Lack of appreciation by local authorities

− Close tie with local people

− Familiar with kemenyan business

− Experience in rural development

− Contractor of selected activities

− Monitoring & evaluation

Tertiary stakeholders • Local

universities − Pool of knowledge − Independent − Own relevant

information

− Lack of financing for R&D

− Assist in rural development

− Own professionals − Rich in

development concepts

− Implement survey on growing stock

− Advise on policy making

• Aek Nauli MOEF –RDI Branch

− Independent agent of development

− Implementer of MOEF policies

− Acquired information on kemenyan resource

− Improved efficiency of utilization

− Lack of funding on R&D on kemenyan

− Own researchers − Ready to support

R&D on kemenyan

− Eager to see sustained kemenyan resource

− Support on development of technical manuals

− Insights for policy making

− Collaborating agency

2.1.3. Problem analysis

The key problem addressed by the proposed project is “inadequate development and utilization of kemenyan resource”. This is due to the fact that the resource has not been properly managed during the recent decades as evidenced by its decreasing contribution to livelihood of local communities and reduced area of kemenyan plantation in target districts. If this problem remains unresolved, the immediate consequence is a meager contribution of the resource to local economy which, in turn, will diminish interest of stakeholders in the conservation and development of the precious kemenyan resource.

The consultation with stakeholders, mostly farmers, in October 2015 revealed that the key problem is the result of three main causes, namely: i) poor support of local government to kemenyan resource development, ii) diminishing participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization, and iii) lack of interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development.

• Poor support of local government is attributable to at least four problems: reliable database on kemenyan not available, potential contribution of kemenyan resource to local economy not adequately assessed, lack of awareness among authorities on the benefit of kemenyan resource, and absence of incentive policy on kemenyan resource utilization

• Dimishing participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization is maintained as the result of five forces: lack of motivation to utilize the resource, expecially among younger generation; low yield of harvest and inferior quality of resin; low selling price of resin; weak bargaining power of farmers and; lack of value added received by farmers

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Figure 2 : Problem Tree

Consequences

Key problem

Main Causes

Sub Causes

Poor conservation and development of kemenyan

resource

Meager contribution of kemenyan resource to livelihood of local

communities

Poor support of local government

Diminishing participation of local communities in

kemenyan resource utilization

Lack of interest of local communities in plantation

development

Lack of awaraness among authorities

Inadequate development and utilization of kemenyan (Styrax

spp.) resource

Potential contribution of

kemenyan resource to local

economy not known

Reliable database not available to

support decision making

Incentive policy on kemenyan

utilization not introduced

Lack of motivation to utilize the

resource

Low harvest yield and inferior product

quality

Low product selling price

Weak bargaining power of kemenyan

farmers

Lack of value adding process

Poor skills on planting materials

making

Lack of skills on planting and

nursing

Absence of models nursery and plantation

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Figure 3 : Objective Tree

Impacts

Outcome

Outputs

Means

Conservation and development of kemenyan resource promoted

Contribution of kemenyan resource to livelihood of local

communities increased

Support of local government strengthened

Participation of local communities promoted in

kemenyan resource utilization

Interest of local communities in plantation

development elevated

Awareness among authorities raised

Development and utilization of kemenyan resource adequately

performed

Potential contribution of

kemenyan resource to local economy known

Reliable database available to support

decision making

Incentive policy on kemenyan utilization introduced

Local communities motivated to utilize kemenyan resource

Harvest yield and product quality

increased

Product selling price rose

Farmers’ bargaining power strengthened

Value adding processes introduced

Skills on planting material making

improved

Skills on planting and nursing promoted

Models nursery and plantation

established

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• Lack of interest of local communities in plantation development is due to: poor skills on the production of planting materials, lack of skills on planting and nursing young kemenyan trees and, absence of technical manual on plantation development

The cause-effect relationship as outlined above is summarized in the problem tree (Figure 2). An objective tree (Figure 3) deliberately constructed to mirror the problem tree, indicates the means-end relationship or needed interventions to solve the problems identified which are defined in Section 2.2 and 3.1.

2.1.4. Logical Framework Matrix (LFM)

Intervention strategy Measurable indicators Means of verification

Key assumptions

Development objective To promote interest of local stakeholders in conservation and development of kemenyan (Styrax spp.) resource through improved livelihood of local communities

3-4 years after project completion • At least 500 Ha of kemenyan

plantation established in 3 districts • Production of kemenyan in 3

districts increased by 10-20%

Annual report of district government Annual report of district government

MOEF policy on NTFPs development remained in place Trained farmers involved in kemenyan resource development

Specific objective To implement an adequate strategy for sustainable development and utilization of kemenyan resource (Styrax spp.) in Toba region of North Sumatra province

At project completion • At least two policies on promotion

of kemenyan resource development formulated by each district government and reviewed by district legislators

• Kemenyan farmer groups established in 120 villages in 3 districts through dialogues

• 120 kemenyan farmers trained on improved techniques for harvesting and quality control

• 120 farmers trained on appropriate techniques for kemenyan plantation development

Policy documents Dialogue reports Training report Training report

Supportive district governments and legislators Cooperative farmers Ditto Ditto

Output 1 Support of local government on development an utilization of kemenyan resource strengthened

At project completion • Growing stock survey on

kemenyan resource completion app. 150,000 Ha in 3 districts in year 1

• Kemenyan database system operational since year 2

• Contribution of kemenyan resource to local economy assessed in year 2

• 3 workshops on kemenyan resource development conducted in 3 districts in year 2 and 3

• 2 policies on promotion of kemenyan development formulated in year 3

Survey report IT Consultant’s report Consultant’s report Workshop reports Policy documents

- - - - Supportive district governments

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Output 2 Participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization promoted

• Dialogues with local communities in 9 sub-districts @10 villages conduced in year 1

• 120 kemenyan farmers in 3 districts trained on improved techniques on harvesting on quality control

• Study on marketing strategy completed in year 2

• Kemenyan farmer groups and cooperatives formed in 3 districts in year 1

• Experiments on further kemenyan process undertaken in years 2 and 3

• 200 copies of technical manual on harvesting and quality control published and disseminated in year 3

Dialogue reports Training report Study report Dialogue reports R&D report Manual document

Cooperative local communities

-

-

Cooperative local communities - -

Output 3 Interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development elevated

• 120 farmers trained on production techniques

• One kemenyan nursery model established at EHRDA forest area in year 1

• 120 farmers in 3 districts trained on techniques for planting and nursing in year 2

• 6 Ha of plantation model for 3 species established at EHRDA forest area in year 2

• 200 copies of technical manual on plantation development published and disseminated in year 3 and 3

Training report Field check Training report Field check Manual document

2.2. Objectives

2.2.1. Development objective and impact indicators

Development objective To promote interest of local stakeholders in conservation and development of kemenyan (Styrax spp.) resource through improved livelihood of local communities

Impact indicators • At least 500 Ha of kemenyan plantation established in 3 districts • Production of kemenyan in 3 districts increased by 10-20%

2.2.2. Specific objective and outcome indicators

Specific objective To implement an adequate strategy for sustainable development and utilization of kemenyan resource (Styrax spp.) in Toba region of North Sumatra province

Outcome indicators • At least two policies on promotion of kemenyan resource development formulated by each district

government and reviewed by district legislators • Kemenyan farmer groups established in 120 villages in 3 districts through dialogues • 120 kemenyan farmers trained on improved techniques for harvesting and • 120 farmers trained on appropriate techniques for kemenyan plantation development • Appropriate techniques for production of planting materials, resin tapping and further processing

identified and disseminated

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Part 3 Descrition of Project Interventions

3.1. Outputs and Activities

3.1.1. Outputs

1. Support of local government on development and utilization of kemenyan resource strengthened. 2. Participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization promoted. 3. Interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development elevated. 3.1.2. Activities Output 1: Support of local government on development and utilization of kemenyan resource

strengthened 1.1. To carry out surveys on kemenyan natural and planted stands 1.2. To install and operate database system. 1.3. To assess potential contribution of kemenyan resource to local economy. 1.4. To organize workshops on the promotion of kemenyan resource development and utilization. 1.5. To assist local governments in formulation of effective incentive policies.

Output 2: Participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization promoted 2.1. To conduct dialogues with local communities for strengthening participation. 2.2. To train kemenyan farmers on techniques for increasing harvest yield and resin quality. 2.3. To identify appropriate resin tapping technic to increase productivity. 2.4. To identified an efficient marketing strategy for obtaining competitive selling price. 2.5. To form farmers groups and cooperatives for sthrengthening bargaining power 2.6. To experiment on further value adding processes of kemenyan resin. 2.7. To develop and disseminate technical manual on harversting and quality control. Output 3: Interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development elevated

3.1. To train farmers on techniques for production of quality planting material. 3.2. To establish model nursery for training and R & D purposes. 3.3. To experiment on tissue culture technic for mass production of quality planting material. 3.4. To train farmers on techniques for planting and nursing of young trees. 3.5. To establish model plantation for training and R & D purposes. 3.6. To develop and dessiminate technical manual on plantation development.

3.2. Implementation approaches and methods

As defined in the preceding section, 18 activities will be implemented to deliver 3 outputs and achieve the specific objective. These activities are to be executed in a collaborative, participatory manner as follows:

Activity 1.1 : surveys on growing stock is best accomplished with the assistance of a competent university Activity 1.2 : a data base system will be installed by experienced IT professionals whom are also responsible for training of operators and developing SOP Activity 1.3 : is best executed in collaboration with experienced consultant(s) on economic development utilizing findings of Activity 1.1 Activity 1.4 : the 3 workshops will be organized by the PMU, each with around 40 participants representing local governments at different levels, MOEF, local communities, NGOs, practitioners, traders and universities Activity 1.5 : is to be accomplished involving experienced professional(s) in close consultation with the primary beneficiaries

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Activity 2.1 : will be implemented in close consultation with local governments, aided by experienced local NGOs and EHRDA experts, targeting 120 villages in 3 districts Activity 2.2 : is to be executed involving competent EHRDA experts Activity 2.3 : is to be accomplished in collaboration with ANFRI Activity 2.4 : will be implemented with the assistance of an experienced business consultant in both domestic and international trades Activity 2.5 : this activity will be executed concurrently with Activity 2.1 Activity 2.6 : will be carried out in collaboration with MOEF RDI Agency Activity 2.7 : technical manuals will be developed by EHRDA experts and published and disseminated by the PMU

Activity 3.1 : will be accomplished with the assistance of EHRDA and ANFRI experts Activity 3.2 : will be executed by EHRDA experts in close consultation with ANFRI Activity 3.3 : will be carried out by EHRDA experts with the assistance of ANFRI experts Activity 3.4 : will be accomplished by EHRDA experts in close consultation with ANFRI Activity 3.5 : the manual will be developed by EHRDA experts in close consultation with ANFRI professionals, to be published and disseminated by the PMU

3.3. Workplan

Output/Activities Resp. party

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Output 1. Support of local government on development an utilization of kemenyan resource strengthened.

Activity 1.1. To carry out surveys on kemenyan natural and planted stands

PC, UN

Activity 1.2. To install and operate database system.

PC, ITC

Activity 1.3. To assess potential contribution of kemenyan resource to local economy.

PC, NC

Activity 1.4. To organize workshops on the promotion of kemenyan resource development and utilization.

PC, DG

Activity 1.5. To assist local governments in formulation of effective incentive policy.

PC, NC

Output 2. Participation of local communities in kemenyan resource utilization promoted.

Activity 2.1. To conduct dialogues with local communities for strengthening participation.

PC, NE, NGO, DG

Activity 2.2. To train kemenyan farmers on techniques for increasing harvest yield and resin quality.

PC, NE

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Activity 2.3. To identified appropiate resin tapping technic to increase productivity

PC, ANFRI

Activity 2.4. To identified an efficient marketing strategy for obtaining competitive selling price.

PC, BCF

Activity 2.5. To form farmers groups and cooperatives.

PC, NE, DG, NGO

Activity 2.6. To experiment on further value adding processes of kemenyan resin.

PC, NE, RDI

Activity 2.7. To develop and disseminate technical manual on harversting and quality control.

PC, NE

Output 3. Interest of local communities in kemenyan plantation development elevated.

Activity 3.1. To train farmers on techniques for production of quality planting material.

PC, NE, RDI

Activity 3.2. To establish model nursery for training and R and D purposes.

PC, NE, RDI

Activity. 3.3. To experiment on tissue culture technic for mass production of quality planting materials.

PC, ANFRI

Activity 3.4. To train farmers on techniques for planting and nursing of young trees.

PC, NE, RDI

Activity 3.5. To establish model plantation for training and R and D purposes.

PC, NE, RDI

Activity 3.6. To develop and dessiminate technical manual on plantation development.

PC, NE

Notes: ANFRI Aek Nauli Forestry Research Institute BCF Business Consulting Firm DG District Government NC National Consultant NE National Expert NGO Non Government Organization ITC Information Technology Consultant PC Project Coordinator UN University

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14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

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3.5. Assumptions, risks and sustainability

3.5.1. Assumptions and risks

The key assumptions made as regards project implementation in order to deliver planned outputs and achieve the specific objective are: supportive district governments at all levels and district legislators, and cooperative local communities including farmers as well as customary and religious leaders. If these assumptions do not hold, there are risks that particular activities can not be executed timely and smoothly which may compromise delivery of planned outputs and achievement of the specific objective. To minimize risks from occurring, mitigating measures need to be introduced since the early stage of project implementation.

Table 3.1. Key assumptions, potential risks and mitigating measures

Key assumptions Potential risks Mitigating measures

Supportive district governments and legislators

Cooperative local communities

Formulation of policies on promotion of kemenyan resource development not timely completed

Particular activities under Outputs 2 and 3 may not be completed timely and satisfyingly

To involve authorities and legislators in workshops on kemenyan resource development and well inform them of important project findings

To involve as many community members and leaders as possible, including wives in the dialogue sessions

3.5.2. Sustainability

Sustainability of the project is very much rests with the stakeholders. If is in the interest of farmers to utilize the skills they have learned from the project in order to improve tapping productivity and quality of kemenyan thus its selling price, it is therefore necessary to continuously monitor performance of the farmers and provide long-term technical assistance to ensure proper-use of acquired skills. Collaboration with community informal leaders in this respect is strongly advisable.

To promote sustainability of the project, the district governments should strive to introduce incentive policies. For instance, monopsony market structure is best not tolerated in order to develop competition among intermediaries and traders. Reduced tax on income from kemenyan sales is another option to consider; financial support on development of small scale nurseries may be useful for promotion of interest in plantation development; easing licensing process on development of community cooperatives can be an effective instrument to unite kemenyan farmers in order to enhance market bargaining power; not the least is to improve accessibility of kemenyan resource distribution centers through construction of access roads. Indeed, the district governments play critical roles in ensuring sustainability of the project.

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Part 4 Implementation Arrangements

4.1. Organizational structure and stakeholder involvement mechanisms

4.1.1. Executing agency and partners

The Executing Agency (EA) of the project will be the Extension and Human Resource Development Agency (EHRDA) of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MOEF) while its Implementing Agency is Pematang Siantar office of EHRDA. The primary obligation of the EA include selection of key personnel, provision of office space and facilities, allocation of counter budget through state budget system, supervision of project operations and observance of the project agreement as well as the procedures and rules applying to ITTO projects. Profile of the EA is exhibited in Annex 1.

The partners in implementing the project include National Consultants (NC) of different competence, district government authorities concerned with forestry, local universities and local NGOs. The Aek Nauli Forestry Research Institute (ANFRI) will be the collaborating agency. The project organizational structure is presented in Annex 2.

4.1.2. Project management team

The project management team (PMT) will consist of the Project Coordinator (PC), Project Secretary (PS), Project Finance (PF) and Project Technicians (PTs). The curricula vitae of the respective personnel are presented in Annex 3 while their terms of reference appear in Annex 4.

4.1.3. Project steering committee (PSC)

The EA will establish a PSC with the primary role to monitor and evaluate progress in implementation in light of the logical framework, endorse yearly plans of operation (YPC) and associated budget, and review any proposed changes to budget and activities.

Membership of the PSC will comprise representatives of ITTO, district governments, local universities, NGOs, private sector, local communities and Aek Nauli EFRDIA. The PSC will be chaired by the Head of EHRDA while the implementing agency will serve as the Secretary. The Committee shall meet at least once a year; a special meeting may be called for by the EA at any times as need arises. The official language of each meeting of the PSC is English.

4.1.4. Stakeholder involvement mechanism

A stakeholder forum may be established under the project where district government authorities, local communities, NGOs, investors, universities and R&D institutions may meet periodically to exchange views and ideas, develop propositions and make recommendations to EA in view of improving effectiveness of project implementation. While such a forum has no formal responsibility for the project implementation, its observations, and advices are invaluable inputs to the EA.

4.2. Reporting, review, monitoring and evaluation

Prerequisite to delivering planned outputs on time in accordance with the logical framework is proper and timely execution of individual activities pertaining to each output. Therefore, progress in implementation of individual activities should be closely monitored for which a monitoring plan establishing indicators to be monitored, place, time, procedure to employ and executors must be developed prior to commencing project operations. Results of the monitoring should be reviewed and evaluated, first internally by the PMT and then by the PSC.

A number of reports will be produced in accordance with the ITTO Manual on Standard Operating Procedures as follows:

• Inception report − To be submitted after the signing of agreement between ITTO, Executing Agency and GOI − Contains such matter as confirmation of the availability of office space and facilities, opening of a

separate bank account in internationally recognized bank, proposed key project personnel and any changes that might have occurred since the project formulation stage

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− The first year workplan and MOU between DGLSRSF and BDFA will be annexed to the report

• Yearly Plan of Operation (YPO) − To be submitted yearly prior to commencing with operations for endorsement by PSC, as

appropriate, and by ITTO − The first year YPO shall be attached to the Inception Report; the subsequent ones shall be

submitted, at the latest ten weeks before the beginning of the planned year − ITTO approves the YPO upon recommendation of the PSC

• Progress report − Present information on executed activities during the period covered by the report, achieved

output(s) as appropriate, and inputs applied − The report is to be submitted bi-annually or as requested by ITTO

• Technical report − Contains technical and scientific data, analysis of data and the project results − A technical report may pertain to one slight activity, two or more activities or one output depending

on the weighted importance of the activities, the report must present procedure and methodologies adopted, the data degenerated, the results achieved and the conclusions reached

− The project plans to produce at least five technical reports

• Financial report − Annual report is to be submitted to ITTO within three months after the end of the current financial

year − A final report is to be submitted within four months after the completion of planned activities − The project’s financial statement will be audited by registered independent public accountant to be

appointed by the Executing Agency with the prior endorsement of ITTO

• Completion report − To be submitted within three months of project completion − The report summarizes the activities, inputs and expenditures, achieved outputs and objectives

during the entire implementation phrase − The report highlights the most critical differences between planned and realized project elements

using the original project document as reference, and lessons learned from implementation of the project

4.3. Dissemination and mainstreaming of project learning

4.3.1. Dissemination of project learning

Project learning and results will be disseminated through various means and channels during the project implementation and after completion as follows:

• Kemenyan information system installed under the project, containing information on different aspects of resource development, will be publicly accessible to facilitate wider use by interested users

• Technical reports on individual activities will be published and widely distributed in stages depending on completion dates

• Technical documents and brochures on particular topics will be published in eye catching, easy to read format and widely disseminated

• TV broadcasting of particular subjects or events shall be strived for by the EA in collaboration with national TV channels

• Final technical and completion reports will be published in both English and Bahasa and widely distributed; interested ITTO member countries may also obtain the reports from the EA upon request through ITTO Secretariat

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4.3.2. Mainstreaming of project learning

Project learning and findings will be having far reaching implications on national and local policies on kemenyan resource development. Therefore, any relevant information should be properly uploaded to the web to facilitate its use in policy making. The government officials that took part in the different practical training programs should now have the capacity to digest and use the information available in the web. Training results reported will also be useful for developing sound training programs for adoption by other district producing kemenyan.

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Annex 1. Profile of the Executing Agency

The Extension and Human Resource Development Agency (EHRDA) is leaded by the director general that directly reports to the minister of environment and forestry. The agency’s tasks include policy development, planning of programs, developing standard operating procedure and execution of planned programs. There are eight operational offices under its administration to execute planned programs, namely:

• Pekanbaru center for western Sumatra region • Pematang Siantar center for eastern Sumatra region • Samarinda center for Kalimantan region • Bogor center for central regions of Indonesia • Bogor (Rumpin) center for part of Sumatera and Kalimantan region • Kadipaten center for Java region • Makassar center for Sulawesi region and part of eastern islands • Kupang center for eastern islands of Indonesia including Papua

The resources the agency used during the last four years are summarized below.

Year Budget (billion IDR) 2012 2013 2014 2015

7,827,257,000

10,333.000,000 7,550,800,000

16,794,710,000

No Human Resource (Personnel)

1 2 3

4

With Postgraduate Degrees

With Graduate Degrees

Middle-level Technicians

Administrative Personnels

13

18

4

29

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Annex 2. Project organizational structure

Executing Agency MOEF - EHRDA

Implementing Agency

Siantar Office of EHRDA

Collaborating Agency

Aek Nauli FRI

ITTO

Project Steering Committee (PSC) • District governments • Local communities • Universities • NGOs • R&D Institutions • ITTO

PMU • Project Coordinator • Secretary • Finance • Technicians

Project Technical Committee (PTC)

Stakeholder Forum

Supervisor 1 Policy development

Supervisor 3 Production & marketing

Supervisor 3 Plantation development

• Consultants • NGOs • Competent institutions

• Consultants • NGOs • Competent institutions

• Consultants • NGOs • Competent institutions

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Annex 3. Curricula vitae of personnel provided by EA

Name : Bernard Pangaribuan

Current position : Instructor/Lecturer at P. Siantar Office of EHRDA (PSO-EHRDA)

Educational background

• 1994

• 2014

:

:

:

Graduated from University of Gajah Mada at Yogyakarta, majoring in forest resource conservation Trained on ITTO project formulation

Occupational background :

• 1995 : Served the WWF Indonesia in Papua as a researcher on MPTS focusing on Aleuritis moluccana

• 1996 – 1997 : Served the Sabuk Hijau Institute as a fund raiser

• 1997 : Joined the Wanabhakti Persada Jaya Forestry Consulting firm specializing on forest nursery development

• 1998 – present : Employed by PSO-EHRDA

Proposed poosition : Project Coordinator

Name : Vera Tiodora Situmorang

Current position : Co-founder and executive chairman of Christian Children Organisation

Educational background

• 1992

:

:

Graduated from University of North Sumatera, Medan. majoring Food Technology, Agriculture Department

Occupational background :

• 1994 – 1997 : Manager of Family Hotel at Lake Toba Parapat.

• 1998 – 2015 : Co-founder and executive chairman of Christian Children Organisation

• present : The volunteer from the Lake Toba Heritage Foundation Jakarta

• present : The volunteer of technical exchange Lake Toba-Lake Champlain Vermont – USA

Proposed poosition : Project Secretary

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Name : Elza Havid

Current position : Instructor/Lecturer at P. Siantar Office of EHRDA (PSO-EHRDA)

Educational background

• 2008

• 2014

• 2014

:

:

:

:

Graduated from Bogor Agricultural Institute, majoring in forest management (bachelor degree) Graduated from Bandung Technology Institute, majoring regional and city planning (master degree) Trained on ITTO project formulation

Occupational background :

• 2007 : Trainer for accelerate of illiterate on Bogor District collaboration between Bogor Agricultural Institute and Education Agency

• 2008 – 2009 : Secretary of ITTO Project PD 394/06 Rev. 1 (F) Restoring the Ecosystem Functions of Lake Toba Catchment Area through Community Development and Local Capacity Building for Forest and Land Rehabilitation

• 2009 – 2010 : Trainer of Forest Education and Training Centre of Makassar, South Sulawesi

• 2010 – present : Employed by PSO-EHRDA

Proposed poosition : Project Finance

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Annex 4. Outlines of terms of reference for key personnel, sub-contracts and other professionals to be funded by ITTO

Position Main tasks

A. Key personnel

• Project Coordinator

− To manage project operations on a day-to-day basis − To develop plans for yearly operation and monitoring evaluation − To prepare and submit documents and reports to EA and ITTO in

accordance with the project agreement − To select partners for project implementation − To organize meetings of PSC and PTC

• Project Secretary − To assist PC in managing project operations − To manage project office and maintain office facilities − To organize meetings and travels − To do other tasks as requested by PC

• Project Finance − To assist PC in financial management − To carry out book keeping and banking − To help organize project financial auditing

• Project Technicians − To input and update data on information system − TO collect data and information as requested by PC − To assist in preparing various documents

B. Sub-contracts

• No.1 for Activity 1.1

− To develop a work plan for execution of growing stock survey in 3 districts establishing methodology to employ, survey operational strategy, data processing and associated budget

− To present findings to EA − To submit an adequate technical report

• No.2 for Activity 1.4 − To develop a work plan for execution of the activity in close consultation with PC

− To identify competent speakers and prepare their TORs − To announce the workshops and distribute invitations in close

consultation with PC − To organize the workshops − To submit adequate technical reports on each workshop

• No.3 for Activity 2.1 − To develop a work plan for execution of the activity in close consultation with PC establishing dialogue methods and techniques

− To carry out planned dialogues − To submit a technical report on the dialogues

• No.4 for Activity 3.2 − To develop a work plan in close consultation with PC, establishing selection of sites, nursery design and associated budget

− To construct the nursery − To develop SOP − To submit a technical report on nursery development

• No.5 for Activity 3.4 − To develop a work plan in close consultation with PF establishing selection of sites, site engineering design, techniques for land preparation, planting and nursing of young plants, and associated budget

− To execute the work plan − To submit a technical report on the activity

C. National Consultants

− To develop a work plan for implementation of the activity in close

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• For Activity 1.2 consultation with PC; such a plan should establish fitures of information system, sources of data, operating cost, etc

− To train operators and develop SOP − To undertake trial operation prior to handing the system to EA − To submit a technical report on the activity

• For Activity 1.3 − To develop a work plan in close consultation with PC for accomplishing the activity

− To assess contribution of kemenyan resource, based on results of Activity 1.1, in terms of job opportunity, farmers’ income and government revenues

− To discuss with stakeholders on findings of the assessment − To submit a final technical report on the activity

• For Activity 1.5 − To develop a work plan in close consultation with PC for accomplishing the activity

− To carry out consultation with local stakeholders − To draft policies and present before the governments and legislators − To revise drafts based on inputs received

• For Activity 2.3 − To develop a work plan in close consultation with PC for execution of the activity

− To assess existing market behavior and, structure and channel of distribution

− To propose a promising marketing strategy to adopt and seek for comments from stakeholders

− To necessary policy measures for adoption of the strategy

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