introduction international business

1. Chapter 2 The Global Context of Business

2. Sr. Chapter Chapter HeadingNo.No.1. 3 Understanding the Global context of business (031012)2. 4 Conducting Business Ethically and Responsibly3. 6 Organizing the Business Enterprise4. 7 Understanding Entrepreneurship and Small Business5. 8 Managing Human Resources6. 9 Understanding Employee Motivating, Satisfying and Leadership7. 11 Understanding Marketing Processes and Consumer Behavior8. 16 Managing Quality and Productivity9. 17 Managing Information Systems and Communication Technology10. 19 Understanding Money and Banking11. 20 Intermediate Term and Lease Financing

3. Marks Distribution50 Terminal Examination20 Mid Term Examination15 Quizzes15 Final Assignment 3

4. We are in the midst of agreat transition from narrownationalism to internationalpartnership. ~ Lyndon Baines Johnson

5. Chapter Review Discuss the rise of international business, describe the major world marketplaces. Explain how competitive advantage, import- export balances, exchange rates, and foreign competition shape international business strategies.

6. Chapter Review Discuss what factors influence whether a company should engage in international business. Identify different levels of international involvement and international organizational structure. Describe key barriers to international trade.

7. Key Topics The rise of global business Major world marketplaces and trading partners Influences on international business International business management The impact of differences among nations

8. Definitions Quota: restriction on the number of certain type of product that can be imported into a country. Embargo: complete ban on imports and exports, imposed by a government for political reasons. Tariff: tax levied on imported products. Subsidy: government payments to help a domestic business compete with foreign firms. Protectionism: the practice of protecting domestic business against foreign competition.

9. DefinitionsGross domestic product (GDP) is one the primary indicators used to gauge the health of a countrys economy. It represents the total dollar value of all goods and services produced over a specific time periodOrThe monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a countrys borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory.Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate (such as GDP or Gross National Income) and dividing it by the total population. It does not attempt to reflect the distribution of income or wealth 9

10. 1. The key drivers to globalization Global market Drivers: Convergence Similar customer needs, Global customers, Transferable marketing Trade policies, Technical Scale economies, GovernmentStandards, host government, Global Sourcing efficiencies Cost Influence policies Strategies Countries costs, Advantages High product development costs Interdependence, Competitors global High exports/imports, Global Competition

11. a. Globalization Is Gaining SpeedThe world economy isbecoming a single,interdependent systemExport:Domestic product soldabroadImport:Foreign product solddomestically

12. b. Globalization Is GainingSpeed Example: Asian financial markets in the late 90s directly affects stock markets worldwide. Discussion: what product from other countries do you useconsume? Why have you chosen it?

13. c. Categorizing Economies High Income Countries: Per capita income greater than $9,386 Middle Income Countries: Per capita income between $765 and $9,386 Low Income Countries: Per capita income of less than $765 Discussion: what countries fall into each category?

14. d. Major World Marketplaces North America NAFTA Europe EU Pacific Asia Do we have any economic agreement with other countries. What are they?

16. Europe and the Nations of the European Union Austria Luxembourg Portugal Sweden Belgium Netherlands Spain United Kingdom Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Ireland ItalyCopyright 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 2 - 16

18. Pacific Asia RepresentsEnormous Business Potential Projections for 2010 (in millions) 500 In less than a 450 decade, Asian 400 415 432 language 350 speakers on 300 the web will 250 far exceed 200 English 150 speakers 100 96 50 34 0 English Japanese Chinese KoreanSource: Time Global Business, Nov. 2001 2 - 18

19. 2. Competitive Advantage Absolute Advantage: when one country can produce a product cheaper andor higher quality than any other country. Ex. OPEC Comparative Advantage: when one country can produce certain goods or services more efficiently and effectively than others. Ex. US software

20. Competitive advantages When competitive advantage is materialized?When a firm earns persistently higher rate of profit over its rivals. Determinants of profit level 1- Value of company products in customers eyes. 2- Company production cost.

21. Competitive advantage It can be created in certain industrial field, through the adoption of low-cost- differentiation strategy. M. Porter

22. National Competitive Advantage Factor conditions Demand conditions Related and supporting industries Strategies, structures, and rivalries

23. 3. Import/Export Balances Balance of Trade Trade Deficits Trade Surpluses Balance of PaymentsThe total flow of money into or out of an economy

24. 3a. Exchange RatesHeavily Impact Global Trade When an economys currency is strong: Domestic companies find it harder to export products Foreign companies find it easier to import products Domestic companies may move production to cheaper sites in foreign countries Implications for balance of trade?

25. Exchange RatesHeavily Impact Global Trade When an economys currency is weak: Domestic companies find it easier to export products Foreign companies find it harder to import products Foreign companies may invest in production facilities Implications for balance of trade?

26. The U.S. Economy Has a Growing Trade Deficit U.S. Imports & Exports U.S. Trade Deficit (in billions) (in billions) 1600 $400,000 1400 350,000 344,716 1200 300,000 1000 250,000 255,971 800 200,000 600 150,000 166,898 400 100,000 35,666 105,932 102,113 200 28,266 95,947 97,039 78,857 50,000 68,949 0 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 2000 1998 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Imports ExportsCopyright 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 2 - 26

27. Is there Can the Is the foreign Does the international product be business firm have or demand for YES modified to fit YES YES climate suited can it get the the firms a foreign to imports? necessary product? market? skills and NO NO NO knowledge to do business NO abroad? YES Stay Domestic Go InternationalCopyright 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. 2 - 27

28. 4. Levels of International Involvement Importer & Exporter International Firms Multinational Firms

29. International OrganizationalStructures HIGH INVOLVEMENT Foreign Investment Private capital investment by firms of one country into those of another. Strategic Alliances a relationship between two or more parties to pursue a set of agreed upon goals or to meet a critical business need while remaining independent organizations Branch Offices Licensing Arrangements Independent Agents LOW

30. 5.Barriers to International Trade Legal & Political Social & Cultural Differences Differences Economic Differences

31. Take Time to Learn the Culture Thoroughly! Este es nuestro nuevo auto: Ha, ha, ha, ha, el NOVA! ha, ha!!!

32. The Customers LanguageA Critical Business Success Factor In the U.S. alone, 18% of the population does not speak English at home. Only 48% of the worlds Web users are native English speakers. Consumers are four times more likely to buy a product on the Internet if the website is in their preferred language.Source: Time Global Business, Nov. 2001

33. Economic DifferencesTo operate effectively in anothercountry, businesses must know when,and to what extent, the government isinvolved in a given industry.

34. Legal & Political Differences Quotas, Tariffs, & Subsidies Protectionism Local Content Laws Business Practice Laws Day to day operations Cartels Dumping

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40. Potentials Population 170 million Growing consumption Cheap labor According to approximations, labor in Pakistan is $ 0.36 an hour; in India, it is $ 0.58 an hour and in China, it is $ 0.70 an hour Feasible regulatory conditions As compared to india Minerals Coal, Copper, Gold, Silver, Dolomite, Gypsum, Lime stone, Natural Gas, Iron core, Rock salt, Bauxite, Marble, Gems, China Clay, Zinc, Lead and Chromite are some of Pakistans potential 40

41. MacroPotentials economic indicators Large More jobs scale job creation Coal reserves, iron and gems Agriculture Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of milk Increased manufactu Improving purchasin ring g power Fruit and agriculture processing Greater demand of Lower good and poverty services Greater consumpti on 41

42. Snapshot of Sessional marks Introduction CHAPTER NO 3 NAME COMPANY NO. 4-2-12 11-2-12 Aruba 1 1 Lunba 1 1 Ayesha 1 1 Faria 2 1 Safia Tabassum 2 1 Mashal 3 1 Namreen 3 1 Asma 3 1 Umair Iqbal 4 1 Shiraz Qureshi 4 1 Ismail 4 1 Anus 4 1 Mir 5 1 Saad 5 1 Najeeb Aslam 5 1 M. Ejaz 5 1 42