introduction to : anatomy & physiology anatomy: ana = up - tome = cutting study of the...
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INTRODUCTION TO :
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
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ANATOMY: Ana = UP
- TOME = CUTTING Study of the structure of the body
GrossMicroscopicCytologyHistology
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Physiology
. Study of how body functions
Cellular physiology Pathophysiology
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Form always dictates function
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Specialty AreasSurface anatomyCytologyEmbryologyImmunologyPharmacology
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Levels Of Organization: 6 Levels
Chemical levelCellTissues / membranes
Organs
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SystemsTotal organismY o u !!!!From simple to complex
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Characteristics Of Life:
MetabolismIrritabilityContractilityGrowthReproduction
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Homeostasis“HOMEO-” = same“-Stasis” = stayingDynamic equilibrium needed to sustain life
Inner balance
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Feedback System:
Stressor : anything that disrupts “ H ”
Body works to correct imbalance
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Negative Feedback
Once problem is corrected….
Body works to return things
to normal
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Body Systems Controlling “ H ”
Nervous Endocrine
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Anatomical Terms
Anatomical positionBody directionsSuperiorInferior
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Anterior / ventralPosterior / dorsalMedial LateralProximalDistal
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SuperficialDeepVisceralParietalCentralPeripheral
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CranialCaudalInternalExternal
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Directional Terms FlexionExtensionRotationAbductionAdduction
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SupinationPronationInversionEversion
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Body PlanesImaginary lines thru the body
SAGITTAL : divides body into right & left portionsMIDSAGITTAL
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Transverse : divides body : top & bottom
Frontal : divides into front & back
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BODY CAVITIES :
HOLLOW SPACES THAT CONTAIN ORGANS
2 MAIN CAVITIES :DORSAL & VENTRAL
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Dorsal:Cranial cavity:Contains brain Spinal cavity:Contains spinal cord
Ventral:Thoracic : contains heart, lungs, trachea
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Superior to abdominal cavity
Abdominal cavityContains stomach, liver, intestines
Pelvic cavity :Contains bladder , reproductive organs
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Abdominal RegionsUsed to describe location of organs or pain
4 quadrants :RUQ / RLQ LUQ / LLQ
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9 Regions :
3 central regions :EpigastricUmbilicalHypogastric
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Right Hypo-chondriacLeft Hypo-chondriacRight lumbarLeft lumbarRight iliac or inguinalLeft iliac or inguinal
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Body RegionsAxial : Head, neck & trunkAppendicular: ExtremitiesTorso : thorax, abdomen, pelvis
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AntecubitalAxillaryCephalicCervicalCostalCranialInguinal
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Anatomical TerminologyPrefixes:Ab-Ad-Alg-Arth-Bio-Brachi-
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Cardi-Chole-Contra-Cyst-Cyto-
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Suffixes:-Algia-Asis-Asthenia-Blast-Cele-Cid
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-Clysis
-Coccus
-Cyte
-Ectasis
-Ectomy
-Emia