introduction to animal science. competency: investigate agriculture animals in order to build a...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Animal Science
Competency:
• Investigate agriculture animals in order to build a foundational knowledge for advanced animal science studies
ANIMAL DOMESTICATION
Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people.
REASONS FOR DOMESTICATION
• To ensure a steadier supply of food and clothing
• Companionship• Assist in labor
RESULTS OF DOMESTICATION
• Less dependence on hunting and wild plants for food
• A surer source of food and clothing• A more settled way of life• Selective breeding
WHAT IS SELECTIVE BREEDING?
Selecting animals with certain desirable characteristics to use for breeding purposes
ORIGIN OF CATTLE
• Bos taurus- European cattle• Bos indicus- Humped cattle from
tropical countries. – India
• First brought to the U.S. by Columbus
ORIGIN OF CATTLE
• Major growth of large herds in great plains states because of grazing.
• Midwest and north central states became the main area for finishing cattle because of grain.
ORIGIN OF SWINE
• Sus scrofa and Sus vittatus.• Chinese were first to tame pigs.• Brought to new world by Columbus• DeSoto took hogs westward• Midwestern cornbelt states
became largest hog producing area
ORIGIN OF SHEEP
• One of the first animals tamed by humans
• Brought to new world by Columbus• Used by colonists mainly for wool• Northeast and Western states are
main sheep producing areas
ORIGIN OF GOATS
• Pasang and Grecian Ibex- Wild goats found in Asia Minor
• Goats brought to new world for milk and hair
ORIGIN OF HORSES
• Evolved from Eohippus• First tamed in Asia or Persia• Brought to new world by Columbus• Horses were left behind by
explorers• Brought to new world for work
animals
ORIGIN OF POULTRY
• Gallus gallus- Wild jungle fowl, ancestor of tame chickens
• Turkeys were probably tamed by people originally living in America
Objective
• Animal Science Terms 1.01• Define terms used to identify
animals by sex, age, & physical traits in the beef, swine, and poultry industry
Terms
Description: Cattle SwinePoultry
Male not castrated
Objective
• Breeds 1.02• Identify the major breeds of beef,
swine, and poultry
Beef Breeds
• Angus– Black– Polled– Originated in Scotland– It is the most “registered” purebred– High in carcass quality
Angus
Beef Breeds
• Hereford– Red and White face– Horns– Originated in England– Docile
• Gentle temperament
– Good foragers• Efficient converters of forage crops
Hereford
Beef Breeds
• Charolais– White to light straw colored– Horned– Large framed– Originated in France
Charolais
Charolais
Beef Breeds
• Brahman– Light Gray to Black or Red– Originated in India– Pronounced hump– Loose Dewlap– Insect tolerant– Disease tolerant
Brahman
Shorthorn
Polled Hereford
• Developed from the horned Hereford breed
• Originated in 1901• Warren Gammon• Des Moines, Iowa
Polled Hereford
Limousin
• Native to the south central part of France
Beefmaster
• Developed from:– Brahman
– Hereford
– Shorthorn
• Developed by Ed Lasater in 1908
Beefmaster (Bull)
Texas Longhorn
Chianina (pronounced kee-a-nee-na)
Dairy Breeds
• Holstein– 90% of the dairy cattle in the US– Black and white– Leading producer of milk– Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per
cow per year
Holstein
Other Dairy Breeds Jersey
Cream to light fawn to almost black Number one in milk fat
Guernsey Fawn and white
Ayrshire Cherry red and white
Brown Swiss Solid brown
Jersey
Guernsey
Ayrshire
Brown Swiss
Identifying Breeds of Swine
American Landrace
• White• Long Body• Big loped forward ears• Large litters• Good mothering ability• Originated in Denmark
American Landrace
Duroc
• Red• Drooped ears• Good growth rate• Excellent feed conversion
Duroc
Hampshire
• Black with a white belt• Erect ears• Good muscle• Carcass leanness
Hampshire
Yorkshire
• White• Erect ears• Large litters• Good feed efficiency• Excellent growth and mothering
ability• Long carcass
Yorkshire
Poland China
• Drooped ears• Black and white• Sound in its feet and legs
Poland China
Chester White
• Chester County, Pennsylvania• Intermingled English breeds
Chester White
Tamworth
• English breed• Ireland • Bacon-type
Tamworth
Berkshire
• Black and white• Erect ears• Fast and efficient growth• Reproductive efficiency• Cleanness• Meatiness
Berkshire
Spotted Swine
• Popular with farmers and commercial swine producers for their ability to transmit their fast-gaining, feed efficient, meat qualities to their offspring
Spotted Swine
Identifying Breeds of Poultry
Breeds, Varieties, Types & Classes
• Breed- group of related fowl that breed true for a specific trait
• Type- purpose for which it is breed
(meat or egg type)• Classes- geographic origin
(Mediterranean, American, English and Asiatic)
Egg Producers
Layers- chickens that produce eggs• White egg producers- small in size
– White Leghorns- white plumage
• Brown Egg producers- larger birds that
are not as economical as Leghorns– Rhode Island Reds- dark red plumage– New Hampshires- red plumage– Plymouth Rocks- white plumage
Meat Producers
• Chickens used for meat production are called Broilers
• Birds used for meat production are usually commercial crosses– Example: White Plymouth Rock
females mated to Cornish (English class) males
Turkeys
Broad Breasted White• White plumage• Shanks, feet, and beak is white to pink• White pinfeathers
– Increases the value of the carcass
• Can survive better in hotter climates• Good body confirmation but smaller
than other breeds
Turkeys
Broad Breasted Bronze• Black plumage• Dark colored pinfeathers• Largest of the turkey
varieties• Poor fertility and
reproductive problems– Males are not good breeders
Turkeys
Beltsville Small Whites• Developed by the USDA• Similar to the Broad
Breasted Whites• Averages about 10 lbs.
less in mature body weight
Commercial Livestock
• Used in the livestock and poultry industry
• Crosses of more than one breed or strain of breeds
• Adds in genetic diversity– Livestock have more desired traits– Undesirable traits can be lessened
• Used by most producers