introduction to animals
DESCRIPTION
This PowerPoint is used as an introduction to animals characteristics in my High School Honors Zoology Class.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
*List as many characteristics as you
can that define something as an
“ANIMAL”...
![Page 2: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS of ANIMALS
*to be an “animal” it must:
![Page 3: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MOVE
MULTICELLULAR
EAT (use energy)
![Page 4: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
“BREATHE”
GROW
REPRODUCE
![Page 5: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RESPOND to a STIMULUS
STORE ENERGY as GLYCOGEN
?????????
![Page 6: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
MOTILE:
*the ability to MOVE
by...
![Page 7: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“limbs” = walking
“fins” = swimming
![Page 8: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“wings” = flying
“false foot” = ??? (pseudopod)
![Page 9: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
WHEN did animals 1st
appear on Earth?:
700-800 M.Y. ago
![Page 10: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
VERTEBRATESvs.
INVERTEBRATES
*presence of a backbone
![Page 11: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RADIAL SYMMETRY =>“circular”
starfish, jellyfish, marine worms
tend to be slow
![Page 13: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Have a TOP or “DORSAL” surface
have a BOTTOM or “VENTRAL” surface
![Page 14: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“ventral”
“dorsal”
![Page 15: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BILATERAL SYMMETRY =>
fast-moving
also have “dorsal” & “ventral” side
![Page 18: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
•Has an ANTERIOR or “front”•has a POSTERIOR or “back”
![Page 19: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
•has a “left” & “right”
*more complex/ advanced than radials
![Page 21: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
EGG
+ SPERM = ZYGOTE
![Page 24: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ZYGOTE
“cleavage”
![Page 25: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ZYGOTEetc...
BLASTULA
![Page 26: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ZYGOTEetc...
*certain cells move inward
![Page 27: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
GASTRULA
“ectoderm”
“blastopore”
“endoderm”
![Page 28: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
*D E U TE R O S TO M E S :(blastopore ---> anus)
*P R O TO S TO M E S :( b la s t o p o r e - - - > m o u t h )
![Page 29: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3 c e ll la y e r s f o r m in most
a n im a ls :* ENDODERM (inner)
-dig. tract, resp. system
* MESODERM (middle)-circ. system, muscles, rep. system, exc. system
* ECTODERM (outer)-skin, nerves, sense organs
![Page 30: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
I. HYDROSTATIC skeleton:
*muscles that surround & are supported by water
(roundworms & earthworms)
![Page 33: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
II. EXOSKELETON:* “hard shell”… muscles att. to the inside of shell
(insects & crustaceans)
* limits mobility & growth
![Page 34: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
III. ENDOSKELETON:* rigid framework inside an animal (protects less)
(vertebrates/humans)* allows movement & growth
![Page 35: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
I. MOST PRIMITIVE*A cavity where food is partially digested before moved into cells to complete the process
(flatworms)
![Page 37: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
II. MEDIUM SOPH.*a two-way digestive system*digested & undigested food mix
(cnidarians)
![Page 38: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
III. ADVANCED*food takes a one-way path*w/ special cells to absorb nutrients
(fish)
![Page 39: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
*Nearly ALL animals are capable of sexual reproduction.
![Page 41: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
hermaphrodite
*An animal w/ fully functioning male & female rep. structures is a:
(An advantage for members of small populations that seldom encounter
others of the same sp.)
![Page 42: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
*timed gamete production*
![Page 43: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Asexual
![Page 44: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
sexual
![Page 45: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Numbers of Living Species of Animals in each Phylum There are over one million species of animals that have been described. Some biologists estimate that up to 50 million more remain to be discovered. Of those that have been described, approximately 86% are insects . About 300,000 species are beetles (order Coleoptera ). The numbers of described species in each phylum of animals (other than the insects ) are shown below. Note that these are only rough estimates . The estimates from other sources may vary considerably.
PHYLUM Numbers of Living Species of Animals (exclusive of insects) No. Sp ecies
Arthropoda 97,000
Mollusca 50,000
Vertebrata 47,000
Protozoa 35,000
Platyhelminthes 20,000
Annelida 15,000
Nematoda 12,000*
Porifera 9,000
Cnidaria 9,000
Echinodermata 7,000
Ectoprocta 4,500
Uro chordata 3,000
Rotifera 1,800
Nemertea | 900
Acanthocephala | 700
Gastrotricha | 450
Tardigrada | 400
Sipuncula | 250
Nematamorpha | 230
Kinorhyncha | 150
![Page 46: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Species Interactions - Symbiosis
• Mutualism - both species benefit from the relationship
![Page 48: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Species Interactions - Symbiosis
• Commensalism - one species benefits from the relationship while the other is not affected
![Page 49: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Species Interactions - Symbiosis
• Parasitism - one species benefits from the relationship while the other is harmed
![Page 50: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Entoprocta | 150
Pogonophora | 135
Echiura | 135
Chaetognatha | 100
Ctenophora | 100
Mesozoa | 100
Hemichordata | 85
Onycophora | 80
Gnathostomulida | 80
Cephalochordata | 23
Phoronida | 15
Priapula | 15
Loricifera | 9+
Vestimentifera | 8
Placozoa | 1
* There are probably many more species that are yet undescribed
![Page 51: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Introduction to Animals](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052400/559b31c61a28ab3e0a8b483d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
*The End*