introduction to ecology february 20 th, 2015. ecology: deals with different levels of organization
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Introduction to Ecology February 20th, 2015
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Ecology:
• deals with different levels of organization
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Small to Big• Atom• Molecule• Cell• Organism/Species• Populations• Community• Ecosystem• Biomes• Biosphere
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Species:
• Individual= one living thing, one organism• Species = a group of similar organisms
that can breed and produce fertile offspring
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Populations
• Populations = a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
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Community
• Communities = an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
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Ecosystem• Ecosystem = all the organisms that live in
a place together with their physical environment
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Biome = a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms
Biomes
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Biosphere = all the organisms and physical environments of the entire world
Biosphere
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8 Characteristics of Living Things
1) Made of cells
2) Have DNA
3) Maintain homeostasis (stable internal enviro.)
4) Respond to environment
5) Reproduce
6) Grow and develop
7) Obtain and use materials and energy
8) Groups of organisms evolve
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Classifying Biotic Factors• studying the relatedness between species is called =
Taxonomy
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Classifying Living Things/Biotic Factors
• Most familiar is the frame work created 250 years ago by Carl Linnaeus
• Organisms grouped in a taxon show a high degree of similarity
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SpeciesBinomial nomenclature
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Taxonomy Example• Domain: Eukarya• Kingdom:Animalia• Phylum:Chordata• Class:Mammalia• Order:Sirenia• Family:Trichechidae• Genus:Trichechus• Species: manatus
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Binomial Nomenclature• Scientific Name
– Trichesus manatus– Trichesus manatus
• Common Name– West Indian Manatee
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3 Domains
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Classification: The Three Domains
Domain Archaea– Contains 1 kingdom – the Archaebacteria
Domain Bacteria– Has 1 kingdom – the Eubacteria
Domain Eukarya– Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
– Protista – Fungi – Animalia – Plantae
Prokaryotes:-No Nucleus
Eukaryotes:DNA in nucleus
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Prokaryotes = “before nucleus”
• 2 Domains, 2 Kingdoms: – Bacteria and Archaea (more closely related to
Eukaryotes)• Simplest and oldest life forms• Cell wall, cell membranes• No membrane bound organelles• DNA not in a nucleus
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Eukaryotes = “true nucleus”
• 1 Domains, 4 Kingdoms: – Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
• Membrane bound organelles• DNA in a nucleus
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The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Protists
• single celled organisms• Some Photosynthetic• Some Heterotrophs
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The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Fungi• Multicellular• Heterotrophs
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The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Plantae:Plants
• Mostly multicellular• Photosynthetic
autotrophs with true vascular tissue
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The 4 Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Animalia: Animals!
• Multicellular• Heterotrophs• Most are capable of
movement• Invertebrates vs.
vertebrates
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Vocab so far…
• Ecology• Ecosystem• Habitat• Abiotic Factors• Biotic Factors• Environment• Species• Populations
• Communities• Biomes• Biosphere• Taxonomy• Binomial
Nomenclature• Eukaryotes• Prokaryotes