Introduction to Introduction to Geographic Information Geographic Information

Systems (GIS) using Systems (GIS) using ArcMap 9.0ArcMap 9.0

Monday January 16th, 2006Marcel FortinGIS & Map LibrarianUniversity of Torontogis.maps@utoronto.cahttp://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

AgendaAgenda

What is a GIS?What is a GIS? Examples of GIS Examples of GIS Issues and problems/obstacles Issues and problems/obstacles

to using GISto using GIS GIS Software and DataGIS Software and Data Hands-onHands-on

ObjectivesObjectives

Understand the basic premise of GISUnderstand the basic premise of GIS Learn the basics of GIS software and Learn the basics of GIS software and

databasesdatabases Learn the basics of different Learn the basics of different

geographic datasetsgeographic datasets Learn the basics of creating a mapLearn the basics of creating a map

What is a GIS? What is a GIS?

A GIS is a computer application A GIS is a computer application with the capacity to assemble, with the capacity to assemble, store, manipulate, analyze, and store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced display geographically referenced informationinformation

What is What is notnot a GIS? a GIS?

A GIS is not a digital map (a digital A GIS is not a digital map (a digital map is only one of the outputs of a map is only one of the outputs of a GIS)GIS)

A GIS is not a graphic design toolA GIS is not a graphic design tool A GIS is not a replacement for mapsA GIS is not a replacement for maps

What is geographicWhat is geographically ally referenced Information referenced Information / Geospatial/ Geospatial data? data? In order to use a GIS, your data has to fit In order to use a GIS, your data has to fit

in the software in one way or anotherin the software in one way or another Data is georeferenced if it has a Data is georeferenced if it has a

geographic field. These are more geographic field. These are more numerous than you imaginenumerous than you imagine

postal codespostal codes ProvinceProvince CityCity longitude and latitudelongitude and latitude lot numberslot numbers concession numbersconcession numbers census tractcensus tract wards wards etc.etc.

Common Examples of GIS Common Examples of GIS ::

Common Examples of GIS :Common Examples of GIS :

Example of a GISExample of a GIS

0.50000000.00000000.0000000-0.5000000627995.12502494836671.8749751

1999 Aerial photograph (Triathlon Inc.)

Example of a GISExample of a GIS

DMTI Spatial’s Street Network File for Ontario

Example of a GISExample of a GIS

1999 Orthorectified Aerial photograph overlayed with the DMTI Spatial’s Street Network file for Ontario

Example of a GISExample of a GIS

Map of Population Density in Toronto, Census of Canada 2001, Statistics Canada

Example of a GISExample of a GIS

1870’s Map of Toronto with the Gardiner Expressway overlayed. Note the highway’s location!

Example of a GISExample of a GIS

1870’s map of Toronto showing current lots in the city of Toronto. Note the lots set on top of a lost stream (Garrison Creek)

Complex GIS examplesComplex GIS examples

Digital Elevation Model of Mountains in the Eastern Townships, Québec

ncols 1370ncols 1370nrows 996nrows 996xllcorner 656445.92xllcorner 656445.92yllcorner 4984392.2yllcorner 4984392.2cellsize 30cellsize 30NODATA_value -9999NODATA_value -99999999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 198.901 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999 -9999

GIS SoftwareGIS Software

We will be using ESRI’s ArcMap. We will be using ESRI’s ArcMap. Industry leader but also the Industry leader but also the Microsoft of GISMicrosoft of GIS

Many other brands of software Many other brands of software running on many different running on many different platforms, including Mapinfo, Idrisi, platforms, including Mapinfo, Idrisi, PCI, Microsoft MapPoint, GRASS, PCI, Microsoft MapPoint, GRASS, and othersand others

Making Sense of Making Sense of “ArcWording”“ArcWording”

Functions

Umbrella

Flavour

3D Analyst, Spatial Analyst, etc.Extensions

ArcGISArcGIS

ArcInfo ArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor

ArcViewArcView

ArcMapArcMap||ArcToolboxArcToolbox||ArcSceneArcScene||ArcCatalogArcCatalog

GIS IssuesGIS Issues

Data Access, availability, and Data Access, availability, and price in Canada (Data Culture)price in Canada (Data Culture)

Data QualityData Quality Issues Issues Metadata IssuesMetadata Issues Software access and priceSoftware access and price ComputingComputing TrainingTraining

GIS Data Access – Free GIS Data Access – Free DataData

www.geobase.cawww.geobase.ca www.geogratis.comwww.geogratis.com www.geographynetwork.www.geographynetwork.

comcom www.geographynetwork.www.geographynetwork.

caca www.gisdatadepot.comwww.gisdatadepot.com

GIS Data Access at the GIS Data Access at the University of Toronto LibraryUniversity of Toronto Library

http://http://www.library.utoronto.ca/maplibwww.library.utoronto.ca/maplib

What will you be doing What will you be doing today?today? Loading data in ArcGISLoading data in ArcGIS

– one layerone layer– several layersseveral layers

Working with varying Geographic Working with varying Geographic Coordinate systemsCoordinate systems

Creating and Exporting/PrintingCreating and Exporting/Printing a Map a Map Learn to Make a Census MapLearn to Make a Census Map Manipulate and Create DatasetsManipulate and Create Datasets Creating your own georeferenced Creating your own georeferenced

datasetsdatasets