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Volume-4 Issue-9, February 2017Volume-4 Issue-9, February 2017

Published by: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication Pvt.

EXPLORING INNOVA

TION

Editor In Chief

Dr. Shiv K Sahu

Ph.D. (CSE), M.Tech. (IT, Honors), B.Tech. (IT)

Director, Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal (M.P.), India

Dr. Shachi Sahu

Ph.D. (Chemistry), M.Sc. (Organic Chemistry)

Additional Director, Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal(M.P.), India

Vice Editor In Chief

Dr. Vahid Nourani

Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Iran

Prof. (Dr.) Anuranjan Misra

Professor & Head, Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology & Engineering, Noida International University,

Noida (U.P.), India

Advisory Chair

Dr. T.C.Manjunath

Principal & Professor, HKBK College of Engg, Nagawara, Arabic College Road, Bengaluru-560045, Karnataka, India

Dr. P. Dananjayan

Professor, Department of Department of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India

Dr. Kamal K Mehta

Associate Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Technology, NIRMA University, Ahmedabad (Gujarat), India

Dr. Rajiv Srivastava

Director, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sagar Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India

Dr. Chakunta Venkata Guru Rao

Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SR Engineering College, Ananthasagar, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India

Technical Chair

Dr. Sunil Mishra

Associate Professor, Department of Communication Skills (English), Dronacharya College of Engineering, Farrukhnagar, Gurgaon

(Haryana), India

Dr. Labib Francis Gergis Rofaiel

Associate Professor, Department of Digital Communications and Electronics, Misr Academy for Engineering and Technology,

Mansoura City, Egypt

Dr. Pavol Tanuska

Associate Professor, Department of Applied Informetics, Automation, and Mathematics, Trnava, Slovakia

Dr. VS Giridhar Akula

Professor, Avanthi's Research & Technological Academy, Gunthapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. S. Satyanarayana

Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KL University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Bhupendra Kumar Sharma

Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, KL University, BITS, Pilani, India

Dr. Praveen Agarwal

Associate Professor & Head, Department of Mathematics, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India

Dr. Manoj Kumar

Professor, Department of Mathematics, Rashtriya Kishan Post Graduate Degree, College, Shamli, Prabudh Nagar, (U.P.), India

Dr. Shaikh Abdul Hannan

Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Vivekanand Arts Sardar Dalipsing Arts and Science College, Aurangabad

(Maharashtra), India

Dr. K.M. Pandey

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India

Managing Chair

Mr. Jitendra Kumar Sen

International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering (IJISME)

Reviewer Chair

Dr. Ashu Gupta

Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Apeejay Institute of Management Technical Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab,

India

Dr. T.Logeswari

Associate Professor, Department of MCA, Dr.N.G.P. – Kalapatti Road Coimbatore - 641048 India

Dr. Nurul Fadly Habidin

Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjung Malim,

Perak

Dr. S.Manikandan

Department of ECE, Dean,VKS College of Engineering and Technology, Karur,Tamilnadu, India

Dr. S.Sasikumar

Department of ECE, Jayaram College of Engineering and Technology, India

Dr. Mojtaba Moradi

Assoc. Professor, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Dr. Neeraj Kumar

Assoc. Professor, Department of Applied Sciences & Humanities, IIMT Engineering.College, Meerut (U.P.), India

Dr. T.V.Suryanarayana

Assoc. Professor, Department of ECM, K L University, Green Fields,Vaddeswaram, Guntur District, A.P., India

Dr. Yaswanth Kumar Avulapati

Department of Computer Science, S.V.U.Collge of CM&CS, S.V.University, Tirupati, India

Dr. Yu Qi

Department of Computer Science, 30 Montgomery Street, Suite 1250, Jersey City, NJ, USA

Dr. N Dinesh Kumar

Professor, Department of Electronics & Instrumentation, VITS, Vignan Hills, Deshmukhi, Pochampalli Mdl,Nalogonda Dist, India

Dr. Deepshikha Bhargava

Assoc. Professor & Head, Department of Information Technology, Amity University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India

Dr. Dinesh Sharma

Assoc. Professor, Department of ECE, DAVCET, Kanina (HR), India

Dr. Aginam, Chukwurah Henry

Department of Civil Engineering/Structural Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria

Dr. Messaouda AZZOUZI

Associate Professor, Department of Sciences and Technologies, Cite Porte Charef (02) Nr 14/798, Djelfa, Algeria

Dr. Remica Aggarwal

Assoc. Professor, Department of Management, BITS Pilani, Rajasthan, India

Dr. Dinesh Chandra Jain

Assoc. Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering,S.V.I.T.S – Indore (M.P.), India

Dr. Vu Truong Vu

Department of Civil Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Faculty of Civil Engineering, No. 2, D3 Street, Ward 25,

Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

Dr. Muhammad Farhan

Department of Mathematical Models & Travel Demand Forecasting,Wasatch Front Regional Council North Jimmy Doolittle Road

Salt Lake City, Utah

Dr. S.Sumathi

Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,V.M.K.V. Engineering College, salem

Dr. G. Subramanya Nayak

Assoc. Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University,

Manipal Karnataka, India

Dr. R.Balamurugan

Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KSR College of Technology,Tiruchengode Tamilnadu, India

Dr. Ganesh Kumar T

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Research Scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,Tirunelveli, India

Dr. K.Siva Rama Krishna

Assoc. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Gitam University Visakhapatnam, India

Dr. P.Sanjeevikumar

Assoc. Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Bharathi Street, Jeevanandhapuram, Lawspet, Puducherry, India.

S.

No

Volume-4 Issue-9, February 2017, ISSN: 2319–6386 (Online)

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Page No.

1.

Authors: Muddasar Ali, Khadija Jalal, M. Ejaz Hassan

Paper Title: Matlab Simulation of Variable Voltage Frequency Drive for 3-Phase Induction Motor Using Pulse

Width Modulation (PWM) Technique

Abstract: Induction motors are widely used in many industrial processes. The speed of AC motors remains

constant because it takes rated power from supply and therefore it causes problems when less motor speed is

needed. Improvement in power electronics technology though advancements in semiconductor electronic devices

have led to development of variable frequency motor drive (VFD), an electronic device used to control speed of an

induction motor with increased efficiency, reliability and low cost. This paper carries out simulation of a variable

frequency drive using MATLAB/SIMULINK model. Control of speed of induction motor was successfully

achieved from zero to nominal speed by varying the frequency of Pulse width modulation (PWM) Generator.

Keywords: PWM, VFD, Variable frequency drive, Pulse width modulation.

References: 1. Enemuoh F.O,’’ Simulation and Performance Analysis of A Variable Frequency Drive in Speed Control of Induction Motor” International

Journal of Engineering Inventions e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491 Volume 3, Issue 5 (December 2013) PP: 36-41

2. Krupa Gandhi,” Simulation of PWM inverter for VFD application” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-

ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 10, Issue 4 (April 2014), PP.94-103 3. Randall L. Foulke, Principles and Applications of Variable Frequency Drives NC AWNA. WEA Spring Conference New Bern, North

Carolina April, 2009.

4. Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undaland and William P. Robbins Power electronics (converters, application and design) third edition, John Wiley and sons INC.

5. P.C. Sen Power electronics McGraw- Hill Education Private Limited, Second edition 2009. [4] Theraja A. Text book of electrical

technology 1997, S. Chand and Company LTD. 6. Dennis p. Connors, “Application considerations for AC drives”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. IA-19, no. 3, pp. 455-

460, May/June 1983 .

7. Thomas A. Lipo, “Recent progress AC motor in the development of Solid-State Drives”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 105-117, April 1988.

8. Paresh C. Sen, “Electric motor drives and control-past, present, and future”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 37, no. 6, pp.

562-575, December 1990.

9. S Takiyar “Hybrid Method for Control of Induction Motor”, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 4,

pp.350-355, August 2013.

1-4

2.

Authors: Daniel N. Njoroge

Paper Title: Characterization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes using Comparative Laser Technique

Abstract: This study was based on characterization of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with Raman

spectroscopy. The SWNTs samples were subjected to Raman scattering with lasers of 532 nm and 633 nm. The

study outlines use of Raman spectroscope, preparation of samples under investigation, obtaining and finally

analyzing the Raman spectra. In this study, the samples were prepared for Raman spectroscopy inspection,

sampling parameters optimized to obtain good spectra and Raman spectra analyzed. Raman spectroscopy is an

important material testing tool. It can be used to sort materials which have been mixed since every material has

unique chemical structure which translates to a unique spectrum. Most importantly, it can also be used to identify

defects in a sample.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Raman spectroscopy.

References: 1. Hollas, M.J., Modern Spectroscopy. Fourth Edition ed. 2004: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2. Vandenabeele, P., Practical Raman Spectroscopy: An Introduction. 2013: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

3. Larkin, P., Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy: Principles and Spectra Interpretation. 2011: Elsevier. 4. Jorio, et al., Characterizing carbon nanotube samples with resonance Raman scattering. New Journal of Physics, 2003. 5: p. 139.1-139.17}.

5. Sergei M. Bachilo, et al., Structure-Assigned Optical Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Science, 2002. 298: p. 2361-2366.

5-8

3.

Authors: Monicah Wairimu Chonge

Paper Title: A Study on the Performance Improvement Measures for Contractors in Kenya

Abstract: The performance of contractors in the construction industry in Kenya as in many other parts of the

world has been faulted and blamed as one of the reasons as to why they fail to secure major construction projects

in the country. This has led to a number of studies aimed at finding out the factors affecting the performance of

contractors in the various construction industries of the world, with the aim of finding ways of improving on it.

This study therefore sought to find out the performance improvement measures that are specific to the construction

industry in Kenya and that can be adopted in a bid to improve on the performance of contractors in the country.

The study employed the qualitative strategy as well as the cross-sectional research design. Qualitative data was

collected through the use of structured questionnaires with an open ended question which were administered to

local contractors of category NCA 1, 2 and 3. The contractors were sampled using the stratified random sampling

and the systematic random sampling techniques. The method used for data analysis was thematic analysis. Four

themes stood out as measures that can be adopted to improve on the performance of contractors in the country.

These were: financial, managerial, technical and external measures.

9-15

Keywords: Performance improvement measures, Construction industry, Contractors performance

References: 1. Abdul-Rahman, H., Berawi, A. R., Berawi, A. R., Mohamed, O., Othman, M., & Yahya, I. A. (2006). Delay Mitigation in the Malaysian

Construction Industry. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(2), 125–133.

2. Aftab, H. M., Ismail, A. R., & Ade, A. A. (2012). Time and cost performance in construction projects in southern and central regions of Penisular Malasyia. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 20, 45–52.

3. Agbenyega, I. (2014). Quality management practices of building construction firms in Ghana. (Doctoral dissertation, KWAME

NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY). 4. Akadiri, P. O., Chinyio, E. A., & Olomolaiye, P. O. (2012). Design of a sustainable building: A conceptual framework for implementing

sustainability in the building sector. Buildings, 2(2), 126–152.

5. Chan, A., Scott, D., & Chan, A. (2004). Factors Affecting the Success of a Construction Project. Journal of Construction Engineering Management, 130(1), 153–155.

6. Enshassi, A., Al-Najjar, J., & Kumaraswamy, M. (2009). Delays and cost overruns in the construction projects in the Gaza Strip. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction, 14(2), 126–151.

7. Esin, T., & Cosgun, N. (2007). A study conducted to reduce construction waste generation in Turkey. Building and Environment, 42(4),

1667–1674. 8. Fang, D. P., Xie, F., Huang, Y. X., & Li, H. (2004). Factor analysis-based studies on construction workplace safety management in China.

International Journal of Project Management, 22(1), 43–49.

9. Gunduz, M., & Hanna, A. S. (2005). Benchmarking change order impacts on productivity for electrical and mechanical projects. Building and Environment, 40, 1068–1075.

10. Gwaya, O. A., Masu, S. M., & Githae, W. (2014). A critical Analysis of The Causes Of Project Management Failures in Kenya.

11. KNBS. (2012). Kenya National Bureau of statistics. Nairobi. 12. Lee, A., Cooper, R., & Aouad, G. (2001). A methodology for designing performance measures for the UK construction industry. Salford

University.

13. Lim, C., & Mohamed, M. (2000). An exploratory study into recurring construction problems. International Journal of Project Management, 18, 267–273.

14. Makulsawatudom, & Emsley. (2002). Critical factors influencing construction productivity in Thailand. In Proceeding of CIB 10th

International Symposium Construction Innovation and Global Competitiveness, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 15. Munns, A. K., & Bjeirmi, B. F. (1996). The role of project management in achieving project success. International Journal of Project

Management, 14(2), 81–87.

16. Ng, S. T., Cheng, K. P., & Skitmore, R. M. (2005). A framework for evaluating the safety performance of construction contractors. Building and Environment, 40(10), 1347–1355.

17. Parrif, M. K., & Sanvido, V. E. (1993). Checklist of critical success factors for building projects. Journal of Management in Engineering,

9(3), 243–249. 18. Rahman, I. A., Memon, A. H. A., A., Ade, A., & Abdullah, N. H. (2012). Modeling Causes of Cost Overrun in Large Construction

Projects with Partial Least SquareSEM Approach: Contractor’s Perspective. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 5.

19. Richey, S. (2012). Determinants of Community Satisfaction and its Relative Importance for Life Satisfaction. 20. Sgourou, E., Katsakiori, P., Goutsos, S., & Manatakis, E. (2010). Assessment of selected safety performance evaluation methods in

regards to their conceptual, methodological and practical characteristics. Safety Science, 48(8), 1019–1025.

21. Shen, L. Y., Kiasale, K., Bagrov, A. V., Lukin, V. P., Chen, T., & Yu, X. D. (2006). Performance of coherent DPSK free space official communication. IEEE Transactions and Communications, 54(4), 604–607.

22. Shen, L. Y., Li Hao, J., Tam, V. W. Y., & Yao, H. (2007). A checklist for assessing sustainability performance of construction projects.

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 13(4), 273–281. 23. Shen, L. Y., & Tam, V. W. Y. (2002). Implementation of environmental management in the Hong Kong construction industry.

International Journal of Project Management, 20(7), 535–543.

24. Teo, E. A. L., Ling, F. Y. Y., & Chong, A. F. W. (2005). Framework for project managers to manage construction safety. International Journal of Project Management, 23(4), 329–341.

25. Tepper, B. J., Carr, J. C., Breaux, D. M., Geider, S., Hu, C., & Hua, W. (2009). Abusive supervision, intentions to quit, and employees’

workplace deviance: A power/dependence analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 156–167. 26. Törner, M., & Pousette, A. (2009). Safety in construction–a comprehensive description of the characteristics of high safety standards in

construction work, from the combined perspective of supervisors and experienced workers. Journal of Safety Research, 40(6), 399–409.

27. Tumi, S. A. H., Omran, A., & Pakir, A. H. K. (2009). Causes of delay in construction industry in Libya. In The International Conference on Economics and Administration (pp. 265–272).

4.

Authors: Cengiz POLAT

Paper Title: An Enhanced Solid-Shell Element Formulation with Co-Rotational Approach

Abstract: An enhanced eight node solid-shell element formulation is demonstrated. The enhanced strain method

is used to alleviate the locking problems. A co-rotational formulation is adopted in the formulation, thus geometric

nonlinearity is taken into account by the rotation of the local coordinate system. Several benchmark problems are

studied to demonstrate the efficiency of the element.

Keywords: Co-rotational formulation, solid-shell element, the enhanced strain method.

References: 1. Polat C., 2010. Co-rotational formulation of a solid-shell element utilizing the ANS and EAS methods, Theoretical and Applied

Mechanics, 3(48), 771-788.

2. Polat, C., 2010. An assessment of a co-rotational EAS brick element. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures. 7, 77–89. 3. Felippa, CA, Haugen, B., 2005. A unified formulation of small strain corotational finite elements: I. Theory. Computer Methods in

Applied Mechanics and Engineering 194, 2285-2335.

4. Wempner, G., 1969. Finite elements, finite rotations and small strains of flexible shells. The International Journal of Solids and Structures 5, 117-153.

5. Argyris, JH., Bahner, H., Doltsnis, J., et al. 1979. Finite element method-the natural approach. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics

and Engineering 17/18, l-106. 6. Belytschko, T., Glaum, LW., 1979. Application of higher order corotational stretch theories to nonlinear finite element analysis.

Computers and Structures 10, 175-182.

7. Crisfield, MA., Moita, GF., 1996. A co-rotational formulation for 2-D continua including incompatible modes. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering 39, 2619-2633.

8. Moita, GF., Crisfield, MA., 1996. A finite element formulation for 3-d continua using the co-rotational technique. International Journal of

Numerical Methods in Engineering 39, 3775-3792. 9. Urthaler, Y., Reddy, JN., 2005. A corotational finite element formulation for the analysis of planar beams. Communications in Numerical

16-22

Methods in Engineering 21, 553-570. 10. Hauptmann, R., Schweizerhof, K., 1998. A systematic development of ‘solid-shell’ element formulations for linear and non-linear

analyses employing only displacement degrees of freedom. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 42, 49-69.

11. Miehe, C., 1998. Theoretical and computational model for isotropic elastoplastic stress analysis in shells at large strains. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 155, 193-233.

12. Hauptmann, R., Scheizerhof, K., Doll, S., 2000. Extension of the “solid-shell” concept for application to large elastic and large

elastoplastic deformations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 49, 1121-1141. 13. Sze, KY., Yao, LQ., 2000. A hybrid stress ANS solid-shell element and its generalization for smart structure modelling. Part I: solid-shell

element formulation. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering 48, 545-564.

14. Sze, KY., Yao, LQ., Yi, S., 2000. A hybrid stress ANS solid-shell element and its generalization for smart structure modelling. Part II: smart structure modelling. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering 48, 565-582.

15. Harnau, M., Schweizerhof, K., 2002. About linear and quadratic ”solid-shell” elements at large deformations. Computers and Structures

80, 805-817. 16. Vu-Quoc, L., Tan, XG., 2003. Optimal solid shells for non-linear analyses of multilayer composites. I. Statics. Computer Methods in

Applied Mechanics and Engineering 192, 975-1016.

17. Sousa, RJA., Cardoso, RPR., Fontes Valente, RA., Yoon, YW., Gracio, JJ., Natal Jorge, RM., 2004. A new one-point quadrature enhanced assumed strain (eas) solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness- part 1: geometrically linear

applications. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 62, 952-977.

18. Tan, XG., Vu-Quoc, L., 2005. Optimal solid shell element for large deformable composite structures with piezoelectric layers and active vibration control. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering 64, 1981-2013.

19. Sousa, RJA., Cardoso, RPR., Valente, RAF., Yoon, JW., Gracio, JJ., Jorge, RMN., 2006. A new one-point quadrature Enhanced Assumed

Strain solid-shell element with multiple integration points along thickness Part II – Nonlinear Applications, International Journal of

Numerical Methods in Engineering 67, 160-188.

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Numerical Methods in Engineering 3, 275-290. 21. Hughes, TJR., Taylor, RL., Kanoknukulchai, W., 1977. A simple and efficient finite element for plate bending. International Journal for

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25. Simo, JC., Rifai, MS., 1990. A class of mixed assumed strain methods and the method of incompatible modes. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29, 1595-1638.

26. Andelfinger, U., Ramm, E., 1993. EAS-elements for two-dimensional, three-dimensional, plate and shell structures and their equivalence

to HR-elements. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36, 1311-1337. 27. Klinkel S., Wagner W., 1997. A geometrical non-linear brick element. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40,

4529-4545.

28. Valente, RAF., 2004. Developments on shell and solid-shell finite elements technology in nonlinear continuum mechanics. Ph.D. Thesis,

University of Porto, Portugal.

29. Alves de Sousa RJ, Natal Jorge RM, Fontes Valente RA, César Sá JMA., 2003. A new volumetric and shear locking-free EAS element. Engineering Computations, 20, 896–925.

30. Sze, KY., Liu, XH., Lo, SH., 2004. Popular benchmark problems for geometric nonlinear analysis of shells. Finite Elements in Analysis

and Design 40, 1551-1569. 31. Kreja I., Schmidt R., Reddy, JN., 1997. Finite elements based on a first-order shear deformation moderate rotation shell theory with

applications to the analysis of composite structures, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 32, 1123–1142.

32. Chróścielewski J., Makowski J., Stumpf H., 1992. Genuinely resultant shell finite elements accounting for geometric and material non-linearity, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 35, 63–94.