ix tenses 2

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This is FINAL version file.(REVISED) Pl mark the portion reqd in Punjabi Total word count – 2,526

A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION

CLASS: IX

SUBJECT: ENGLISH

TOPIC: TENSES (PART II)

ANCHOR-1:

Welcome back! It has not been very long since our last module on Present Tense. You will find this module on the Past Tense and the next one on Future Tense a very similar one. Let us first quickly revise what we did last time.

SUPER:

LET’S RECALL THE’ PRESENT TENSE’

MM-1

Show the same coloured diagram,IMAGE 1 , and the text should pop up along with the VO,AS each text box is read.

TEXT on SCREEN (show with the diagram) withVO, reading the text on the diagram

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Simple Present/ Present Indefinite Tenseo I do

Present Continuous Tenseo I am doing, I will be doing tomorrow

Present Perfect Tenseo I have done

Present Perfect Continuous Tenseo I have been doing

VO with the above Text on screen

Last time, we learnt that the simple present tense is used to talk about things happening ‘now’. The Present Indefinite Tense says “I do”. For example ‘ I cook food.’ Then we have the present continuous tense that shows the action which is being done right now. For example- ‘Right now, I am telling you about Tenses.’ Then we learnt about the Present Perfect tense which relates to an action which was being done till now. The Present Perfect Continuous example can be’ I have been teaching English Grammar.’

P R E S E N T

TENSES

b.PresentContinuous Tense.

d.Present perfect

continuous Tense.

a. Present Indefinite

Tense.

c. Present Perfect Tense.

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ANCHOR 2:

We shall now move on to the Past Tense. The Past Tense also has the same four forms. But before we go through them, let us have a look at our Learning Objectives for this session.

SUPER

Learning Objectives

VO with Text on Screen

After this session, you will be able to

List the four types of Past tense Identify the type of past tense in a given sentence Use the different types of past tense correctly in

spoken and written form

SUPER

FOUR TYPES OF PAST TENSE


The four types of past tense are-

Simple Past or Past Indefinite Tense.

Past Continuous Tense.

Past Perfect Tense.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

ANCHOR-3

. We can use several tenses to talk about the past, but the simple past tense is the one we use most often. How do we make the simple past tense? Let us have a look.


To make the past Indefinite tense, we use:

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The Second form of the Verb,

Subject + V2+ object

Examples of Simple Past Tense

He played cricket yesterday. The teacher punished the student. I wrote a letter.

ANCHOR-3: Negative form of Indefinite Past tense

can be

Text with VO

Negative sentences in indefinite past :-

Subject + Did not + V1 + object

Examples:

She did not attend the class.

You did not help me.

ANCHOR-4

There can be many examples to make the structure of indefinite past tense clear

Raj learnt a new poem. Raj did not learn a new poem. Did Raj learn a new poem?

SUPER

How do we use the Simple Past Tense?

ANCHOR-5

We use the past Indefinite tense to talk about an action or a situation - an event - in the past.

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TEXT on screen WITH VO.

The event can be short or long.

Here are some short events with the simple past tense:

The car exploded at 9.30am yesterday.She went to the door.We did not hear the telephone.Did you see that car?

past present future

The action is in the past.

Here are some long events with the simple past tense:

I lived in Bangkok for 10 years.The Jurassic period lasted about 62 million years.We did not sing at the concert.Did you watch TV last night?

past present future

The action is in the past.

Notice that it does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the past, or millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a few milliseconds (car explosion) or millions of years (Jurassic period). We use the simple past tense when:

the event is in the past the event is completely finished we say (or understand) the time and/or place of

the event

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ANCHOR-6

You have seen that simple past tense is used for the past actions. There are some specific cases also where we use it. Now look at the screen.

VO with TEXT ON SCREEN

Some specific cases where simple past tense can be used are:-

To express an action completed in the past with reference to the time of speaking.

Eg. I met my teacher in the park yesterday.

We visited Jaipur, last year

To express a regular or habitual action in the past.

Eg. When he was in school,he always stood first in the class.

I visited the temple every evening to offer my prayers.

I lived in this house when I was young.

Ref. IMAGEII

ANCHOR 7

MM- 2(A colourful image can be given behind the text. )

Note that when we tell a story, we usually use the simple past tense. Look at this example of the beginning of a story:

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"The wind was howling around the hotel and the rain was pouring down. It was cold. The door opened and James Bond entered. He took off his coat, which was very wet. He sat down in the corner of the lounge and quietly drank his orange juice.”

SUPER

Text with VO on screen.

The Image-III to be shown.

You can see the colourful picture of Raksha bandhan festival. Tell the incident in past indefinite tense

IMAGE III

.

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MM-3

Please show an animated clipping of any incident/ story/ event/ festival which you have ready with you. The students will have to describe that clipping using the tense. Kindly email me the clip so that I may write the answer)

The Past Continuous Tense

ANCHOR-8

The past continuous tense is an important tense in English. We use it to say what we were in the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.

SUPER

It is used

To denote an action going on some time in the past. The time of action may or may not be indicated.

For a persistant habit in the past.

How do we make the past continuous tense?


The structure of the past continuous tense is:

Subject + was/were + MV1 +ing :

I, he, she, it, singular noun- ‘was’

We,you, they, plural noun- ‘were’.

Eg. Tina was Playing.

We were climbing the hills.

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He was doing his work.

For negative sentences in the past continuous tense, we insert ‘not’ between the helping verb and main verb.

subject Auxiliary verb Main verb object

+ I was watching TV.

+ You were working hard

- HE/She/it was not helping Mary.

- We were not Joking.

For question sentences, we exchange the subject and helping verb. Look at these example sentences with the past continuous tense:

auxiliary subject Main Verb

Object

? Were You working Hard?

? Was He/she/it not helping Mary ?

ANCHOR:9

Now children, let us see how we can use Past continuous Tense.

SUPER

How do we use the Past Continuous Tense?

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Text on screen with VO.

We use Past continuous tense

To denote an action going on some time in the past.

Examples

We were listening to the Radio.

o It was getting darker.o I was watching TV when the

phone rang.

o The girl was riding a bicycle in the morning.

o What were you doing in the school on Sunday?

This Tense is used with always, continually etc.

Examples:

o He was always grumbling.o She was continually teasinh her

sister.o I was working hard last night.o I was completing my home work

whole of yesterday afternoon.o He was always disturbing me at

home.o They were always asking for facvours.

o

ANCHOR-10

Please listen to these few opening lines of an interesting story. Please note the tense usedWe often use the past continuous tense to "set the scene" in stories. We use it to describe the background situation at

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the moment when the action begins. Often, the story starts with the past continuous tense and then moves into the simple past tense. Here is an example

(Show with image,VO and text.)

“James Bond was driving through town. It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets. Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone booth.” IMAGE-IV.

SUPER

The Past Continuous Tense Quiz (Answer to be flashed after 3 secs. Of the display of the sentence.)


My brother and sister _________ playing tennis at 11am yesterday.

Ans. was

______________ you still working at 7pm last night?

Ans. Were

At 8.30am today I __________ driving to work.

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Ans. was

We _______________ sleeping at 11pm. Ans. Were/ Weren’t

Why __________ he having lunch at 4pm?Ans. Was

ANCHOR-11

That was the end of our discussion on Past Continuous Tense. We now move on to the Past Perfect Tense. The past perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and to use. This tense talks about the "past in the past".

SUPER

How do we make the Past Perfect Tense


The structure of the past perfect tense is:

Subject + “had” + MV3

o This tense tells about an action completed before a certain moment in the past.

Eg

o .When I reached my parent’s place, my sister had already left.

o When the teacher came,some students had finished their work.

o I got my job in 1980, although I had finished my studies a year ago.

o I met him in 1979,after I had met him five years back.

For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert ‘not’ between the helping verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and

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helping verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect tense:


I had finished my work. You had not gone to school. Had you arrived? Had they finished their dinner?

subject helping verb main verb

+ I had finished my work.

+ You had stopped before me.

- She had not gone to school.

- We had not left.

? Had you arrived?

? Had they finished their dinner?

When speaking with the past perfect tense, we often write the subject and auxiliary verb in the short form:

I had I'd

you had you'd

he hadshe hadit had

he'dshe'dit'd

we had we'd

they had they'd

SUPER

How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?


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The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:

The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.

The train had left when we arrived.

past present future

Train left in past at 9am.

9 9.15

We arrived in past at 9.15am.

Look at some more examples:

I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten. They were hungry. They had not eaten for five

hours. I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him

before. "Mary wasn't at home when I arrived."

"Really? Where had she gone?"

SUPER

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

SUPER

How do we make the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

VO with text on Screen

The structure of the past perfect continuous tense is:

Subject + Had + been + main verb + ing + object

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For example-

o I had been avoiding my studies.o She had been meeting her friend.

o We had been visiting her at the hospital.

For negative sentences in the past perfect continuous tense, we insert ’ not’ after the first helping verb.

For question sentences, we exchange the subject and first auxiliary verb.

Look at these example sentences with the past perfect continuous tense:

For example-

o I had been playing tennis.o I had not been playing tennis.

o I had been working.

o I had not been working.

Subject Auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb

+ I Had been working.

+ You Had been playing tennis.

- It Had not been working well.

- We Had not been expecting her.

? Had You been dancing?

? Had They been waiting long?

SUPER

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CONTRACTIONS WITH THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

ANCHOR-12

When speaking with the past perfect continuous tense, we often contract the subject and first auxiliary verb:


‘I had been’ becomes ‘I’d been’

‘They had been’ becomes ‘they’d been’

I had been I'd been

you had been you'd been

he hadshe had beenit had been

he'd beenshe'd beenit'd been

we had been we'd been

they had been they'd been

SUPER

How do we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?

ANCHOR-13

The past perfect continuous tense is like the past perfect tense, but it expresses longer actions in the past before another action in the past.

For example:


Ram started waiting at 9am. I arrived at 11am. When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two hours.

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Ram had been waiting for two hours when I arrived.

past present future

Ram starts waiting in past at 9am.

9 11

I arrive in past at 11am.

ANCHOR-14

Here are some more examples:

VO with Text on screen.

John was very tired. He had been running. I could smell cigarettes. Somebody had been

smoking. Suddenly, my car broke down. I was not surprised.

It had not been running well for a long time. Had the pilot been drinking before the crash?

ANCHOR-15

So friends that was the end of a long session on the’ Past Tense’

. Lets quickly summarise everything we have learnt today.

SUPER

Summary along with a diagram to make it simpler.

VO with the diagram , IMAGE-V ,and Text on screen.

MM - 4 —THE TEXT BOXES TO POP UP AND BLINK ALONG WITH THE READING OF THE TEXT, ONE AT A TIME.

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IMAGE-V

.


Past tense is used to convey actions done in the past.

The four types of past tenses are o Simple Past Tenseo Past Continuous Tenseo Past Perfect Tenseo Past Perfect Continuous Tense

ANCHOR-16

I hope you have enjoyed learning Past Tense today. See you soon, with our next module on the Future Tense. Have a good day!

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

PAST INDEFINITE TENSE:a.To express a single act of the past b.To express a habitual action in the past.c.As a substitute for the Past Continuous Tense.

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE:To denote an action that was going on in the past.

PAST PERFECT TENSE: To denote an action which had been completed before another action in the past.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE: To denote some action which had been going on at or before some time in the past

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This script has been reviewed by - -------------------------------

Signature - ----------------------------------------------------

Date - ----------------------------------------------------

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ix tenses 2

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