january 2017 ceri commodity report — natural gas · eri ommodity report – natural gas editorial...
TRANSCRIPT
Relevant • Independent • Objective
All three, however, appear to be in natural decline. Beginning production in 1999, SOEP’s life expectancy was expected to be 25 years, although this looks to be in doubt. With production peaking in the early 2000s, it dropped significantly thereafter, with the exception of a brief increase in early 2008.5 Production decreased from a monthly peak of 518 million m3 (Mcm), or approximately 18.3 Bcf, in December 2001 to 105 million m3 (Mcm), or approximately 3.7 Bcf, in November 2016. Exxon announced in 2010 that Sable is winding down, possibly as early as 2017. 6,7 Deep Panuke, on the other hand, began production in 2013 and was anticipated to have a 13 year production life.8 Likewise, production of the Deep Panuke has been reduced to seasonal in the Fall of 2015, with production decreasing from 248 million m3 (Mcm), or approximately 8.8 Bcf, in January 20149 to 47 Mcm, or approximately 1.7 Bcf, by November 2016.10 Production at McCully is also decreasing. With offshore Nova Scotia production decreasing, the M&NP will soon be empty. But whose gas will fill the pipeline? Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline The Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline (M&NP) is a very important piece of energy infrastructure in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Figure 2 illustrates the M&NP and the connectedness of the projects to nearby pipelines, as well as other energy-related infrastructure in the Maritimes and New England market. The figure also highlights New Brunswick’s Canaport LNG facility – Canada’s only LNG facility thus far – and the Emera Pipeline that delivers its natural gas from the regasification terminal in Saint John to St. Stephen where it connects with the M&NP.
January 2017
CERI Commodity Report — Natural Gas
Filling the Pipeline… Paul Kralovic Beginning with the Sable Offshore Energy Project (SOEP),1 the energy landscape of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia changed with the onset of the latter’s offshore production. The project was accompanied by the construction of the 1,400-kilometer Maritime & Northeast Pipeline (M&NP), transporting natural gas from the offshore projects to the New England markets, from Goldboro, Nova Scotia to Dracut, Massachusetts. Located approximately 250 kilometers off the coast of Nova Scotia, SOEP and Deep Panuke are connected to the Goldboro gas plant and Point Tupper Fractionation plant. Figure 1 illustrates natural gas production in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, showing production in all three developments. While Nova Scotia’s production is entirely offshore, New Brunswick’s gas production is onshore and is from the McCully Gas Field, located near Sussex in the southeastern part of the province. Figure 1: Offshore Nova Scotia and Onshore New Brunswick Natural Gas Production (MMcfpd)
Source: SOEP,2 Deep Panuke3 and the Government of New Brunswick4
CERI Commodity Report – Natural Gas Editorial Committee: Ganesh Doluweera, Paul Kralovic, Dinara Millington, Megan Murphy, Allan Fogwill About CERI The Canadian Energy Research Institute is an independent, not-for-profit research establishment created through a partnership of industry, academia, and government in 1975. Our mission is to provide relevant, independent, objective economic research in energy and related environmental issues. For more information about CERI, please visit our website at www.ceri.ca or contact us at [email protected].
Relevant • Independent • Objective
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Figure 2: Energy Infrastructure in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
Source: Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline11
The 550 MMcfpd M&NP crosses into the US via St. Stephen and connects with the Portland Natural Gas Transmission System (PNGTS) at Westbrook which terminates in Dracut, Massachusetts. The M&NP is bi-directional; the flow is traditionally north to south, terminating at Dracut, Massachusetts, where it connects with the Algonquin Gas Transmission pipeline (AGT) and the Tennessee Gas Transmission pipelines in the greater Boston area. The capacity of the US-side of the M&NP is 830 MMcfpd.12 Not only providing a critical piece of infrastructure connecting the Maritimes to New England but also to the plethora of pipelines in the US Northeast down to the Gulf of Mexico, the M&NP also features several laterals, serving local markets with natural gas. Impending Supply and Demand Gap Following the construction of the M&NP, natural gas use in the Maritimes more than doubled from 14,556 terajoules in 2004 to 38,719 terajoules in 2013, making it the fastest growing source of energy for the region.13 When the M&NP initially transported natural gas from SOEP in the early 2000s to the New England market, it delivered nearly 100 percent of the gas the project produced. At that time there was virtually no natural gas market in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.14 In 2012, the percentage of natural gas being transported, however, has decreased to approximately 18 percent, with much larger amounts of gas being consumed in the Maritime Provinces, mainly by large industrial users and power generators.15
Figure 3 shows declines in Nova Scotia’s offshore production in the backdrop of demand of natural gas in the two provinces. Figure 3: Nova Scotia and New Brunswick Gas Production and Local Demand (MMcfpd)
Source: CNSOPB,16 Government of New Brunswick17 & NEB18
Between satisfying domestic demand of natural gas in the two provinces and the declines in Nova Scotia’s offshore production, the two Maritime Provinces are on the cusp of a fundamental change; at the heart of that change is the role of the M&NP. With offshore Nova Scotia production decreasing, whose gas will fill the pipeline? The answer is that it could be from two possible sources: a) from the Marcellus and Utica Shale, reversing the flow of the M&NP, delivering gas south to north, and b) from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia onshore resources. The dramatic growth of the Marcellus and the Utica Shales in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia and New York are changing the role of natural gas in the US Northeast and have had a profound impact on the New England area, and will likely have an impact on Atlantic Canadian provinces as well. Advances in horizontal drilling, 3-D seismic technology and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) are opening up new resources, previously determined as non-productive or not feasible to produce, particularly in the ability to economically recover natural gas and oil from shale rock. Figure 4 illustrates US shale gas production, including the Marcellus Shale and the underlying Utica Shale.
Deep Panuke and SOEP are
expected to be decommissioned
prior to 2022
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Figure 4: Shale Gas Production in the US (Bcfpd)
Source: EIA19
Low cost, abundant gas from the Marcellus and Utica Shales is already changing energy flows in North America, spilling into the US Northeast, US Midwest and into Central Canada, displacing gas traditionally imported from western Canada. With Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) approval on January 25, 2017 of the Atlantic Bridge, it would appear that gas from the Marcellus and Utica Shales could well make its way to the Maritimes.20 The project expands the AGT and M&NP’s pipeline systems, better supplying these regions with gas from the Marcellus Shale, expanding the regional infrastructure to carry more gas from New Jersey, north through New England and into the Maritimes. Figure 5 illustrates the US$450 million Atlantic Bridge design.21 The plan includes 6.3 miles of 42-inch pipeline in New York and Connecticut, as well as new and expanded compressors.22 Heading up the Atlantic Bridge project, it is important to note that Spectra (now Enbridge) also owns the AGT as well as majority stake in the M&NP (78 percent).
Figure 5: Shale Gas Production in the US (Bcfpd)
Source: Marcellus Drilling23
It is interesting to note that this is good news for two proposed LNG export facilities in Nova Scotia. Facilities at Goldboro LNG and Pieridae LNG, located at Point Tupper, would likely source natural gas from the US. The second source could be from closer to home – the two Maritime province’s onshore resources. As previously mentioned, the impact of shale gas and tight oil cannot be understated, and is truly global. Representing an increasingly large and growing share of the recoverable resource base, shale gas and tight oil is garnering a lot of interest, not only in the US, but also for many jurisdictions across Canada. Arguably, its largest impacts, however, could be felt in areas that are relatively underexplored, such as the Maritimes. While Nova Scotia estimates its offshore resource potential at more than 8 billion barrels of oil and 120 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of natural gas,24 there is a renewed interest in the region’s onshore gas potential, particularly for its unconventional resources. Frederick Brook Shale in New Brunswick and the Horton Bluff Shale in Nova Scotia are certainly garnering interest, despite a moratorium on fracking.
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The same technologies and improvements in drilling efficiencies that fuel the shale gas production in Pennsylvania, could be a boon for the region’s oil and gas sector and their respective economies, to export the hydrocarbons or to utilize them for domestic purposes. In-place resource estimates under Corridor Resource’s acreage suggest that there are an estimated 67.3 Tcf of shale gas in-place; estimates were conducted by GLJ & Associates, within the Sussex and Elgin sub-basins.25 In-place gas resources of Horton Bluff, on the other hand, are estimated at between 1726 and 69 Tcf;27 the former was provided by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and Advanced Resources International (ARI) while the latter was estimated by Ryder Scott Consultants. With a recovery factor of between 15 or 20 percent, both are respectable reservoirs that could easily satisfy domestic demand, with surpluses for export. While Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have extensive histories in oil and gas exploration and production, dating back to the 1860s and 1859, respectively, they are relatively small players in the Canadian perspective. That could, however, change. Both provinces are without a doubt on the cusp of a fundamental change – a nexus point.
_______________________
CERI is examining the onshore oil and gas resources for the two Atlantic Provinces, including the Frederick Brook Shale and the Horton Bluff. The objective of this project is to detail the possible economic contribution it could make to the economy of those two provinces and to Canada, as well as examining the environmental impacts. Endnotes 1SOEP is composed of six separate gas fields: Venture, South Venture, Thebaud, North Triumph, Glenelg and Alma 2Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board, Offshore Activity, Production Data, http://www.cnsopb.ns.ca/offshore-activity/production-data 3ibid 4Government of New Brunswick, Energy and Resource Development, Corridor Gas Production Statistics 5National Energy Board, Energy Markets, Market Snapshot: Deep Panuke moves to seasonal production and lowers reserves due to water influx. Released July 29, 2015, https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/nrg/ntgrtd/mrkt/snpsht/2015/07-04dppnk-eng.html 6CBC website, Exxon-Mobil prepares to decommission Sable gas field, August 8, 2013, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/exxon-mobil-prepares-to-decommission-sable-gas-field-1.1385087
7The Chronicle Herald website, Sable may start shutting down in 2017, June 28, 2015, http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/1295318-sable-may-start-shutting-down-in-2017 8Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board website, Offshore Activity: Deep Panuke, http://www.cnsopb.ns.ca/offshore-activity/offshore-projects/deep-panuke 9Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board website, Weekly Operations Report, February 20, 2014, http://www.cnsopb.ns.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/feb2014.pdf 10Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board website, Weekly Operations Report, March 17, 2016, http://www.cnsopb.ns.ca/sites/default/files/pdfs/mar1716.pdf 11Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline, Map, http://mnpp.com/us/sites/default/files/map/mnp_system_map.jpg 12Spectra Energy website, US Pipeline, Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline, http://www.spectraenergy.com/Operations/US-Natural-Gas-Operations/US-Pipelines/Maritimes-Northeast-Pipeline/ 13New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Natural Gas Supply and Demand Report 2015-2025, prepared by Jupia Consultants, Atlantica Centre for Energy, Spring 2015, pp. 10 14ibid, pp. 6 15ibid 16CNSOPB Offshore Activity, Production Data, http://www.cnsopb.ns.ca/offshore-activity/production-data 17Government of New Brunswick, Energy and Resource Development, Corridor Gas Production Statistics 18NEB website, Canada’s Energy Future 2016: Energy Supply and Demand Projections to 2040, January 2016 Appendices, https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/nrg/ntgrtd/ftr/index-eng.html 19EIA website, Energy Explained, US Shale Gas Production, https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=natural_gas_where#shaledata 20Spectra’s Atlantic Bridge Gets FERC OK to Begin Construction, January 25, 2017, Jeremiah Shelor, http://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/109176-spectras-atlantic-bridge-gets-ferc-ok-to-begin-construction 21ibid 22Feds approve Atlantic Bridge natural gas project with compressor station in Massachusetts, http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/01/feds_approve_atlantic_bridge_n.html ibid 23Marcellus Drilling website, Critical Project for Canadian LNG Exports Get Favorable FERC Review, http://marcellusdrilling.com/2016/05/critical-project-for-canadian-lng-exports-gets-favorable-ferc-review/ 24CAPP website, Canadian Oil and Natural Gas, Nova Scotia, http://www.capp.ca/canadian-oil-and-natural-gas/industry-across-canada/nova-scotia 25Frederick Brook Shale Gas Study: Sussex/Elgin Sub-basins, prepared for Corridor Resources Inc., Prepared by GLJ Petroleum Consultants, pp. 6-8. 26EIA/ARI World Shale Gas and Shale Oil Resource Assessment, Canada, May 17, 2013, pp. I-50. 27Natural Resource Canada website, https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/sources/shale-tight-resources/17702
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CERI Commodity Report - Natural Gas
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(B
cfp
d)
02468
De
c-1
5F
eb
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Ap
r-1
6J
un
-16
Au
g-1
6O
ct-
16
De
c-1
6
We
st
Mid
we
st
Ea
st
Ave
ra
ge
Ca
na
dia
n E
xp
ort P
ric
eB
y U
S R
eg
ion (
C$
/GJ
)
02468
10
12 No
v-1
5Jan
-16
Mar-
16
May-1
6Ju
l-16
Sep
-16
No
v-1
6
Ca
na
da
Me
xic
o
To
ta
l U
S P
ipe
lin
e G
as I
mp
orts (
Bc
fpd
)
01234
Dec-1
5F
eb
-16
Ap
r-16
Ju
n-1
6A
ug
-16
Oct-
16
Dec-1
6
Co
urt
rig
ht
Sa
rnia
St.
Cla
irO
the
r
Ca
na
dia
n G
as I
mp
orts
By I
mp
ort P
oin
t (
Bc
fpd
)
Relevant • Independent • Objective
Page 13
SOU
RC
E: U
S. D
OE.
SOU
RC
E: U
S D
OE.
SOU
RC
E: U
S D
OE.
No
te:
Ther
e w
ere
no
LN
G im
po
rts
for
the
mo
nth
of
No
vem
ber
20
14
.
SOU
RC
E: U
S D
OE.
02468
10
12
14
16
Dec-1
4M
ar-
15
Ju
n-1
5S
ep
-15
Dec-1
5M
ar-
16
Ju
n-1
6S
ep
-16
Dec-1
6
Co
ve P
oin
tE
lba Isla
nd
Evere
ttN
E G
ate
way
Nep
tun
e
Ea
ste
rn
US
LN
G I
mp
orts B
y F
ac
ilit
y (
Bc
f)
02468
Dec-1
4M
ar-
15
Ju
n-1
5S
ep
-15
Dec-1
5M
ar-
16
Ju
n-1
6S
ep
-16
Dec-1
6
Fre
ep
ort
Lake C
harl
es
Sab
ine P
ass
Cam
ero
nG
old
en
Pass
Gu
lf L
NG
US
Go
M L
NG
Im
po
rts B
y F
ac
ilit
y (
Bc
f)
05
10
15
20
Dec-1
4M
ar-
15
Ju
n-1
5S
ep
-15
Dec-1
5M
ar-
16
Ju
n-1
6S
ep
-16
Dec-1
6
Nig
eri
aT
rin
idad
No
rway
Yem
en
US
LN
G I
mp
orts B
y O
rig
in (
Bc
f)
02468
10
12
14
16
18
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
2014
2015
2016
Volu
me-W
eig
hted A
verage L
NG
Pric
e (
US
$/M
MB
tu)
CERI Commodity Report - Natural Gas
Page 14
SOU
RC
E: U
S D
OE,
NEB
.
SOU
RC
E: E
IA, U
S D
OE.
SO
UR
CE:
US
DO
E.
01234567
De
c-1
4M
ar-
15
Ju
n-1
5S
ep
-15
De
c-1
5M
ar-
16
Ju
n-1
6S
ep
-16
De
c-1
6
Tu
rkey
Bra
zil
Eg
yp
tIn
dia
Arg
en
tin
a
US
LN
G R
e-E
xp
orts
By D
estin
atio
n (B
cf)
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45 D
ec
-14
Ma
r-1
5J
un
-15
Se
p-1
5D
ec
-15
Ma
r-1
6J
un
-16
Se
p-1
6D
ec
-16
Chart
Title
Eg
yp
t
So
uth
Ko
rea
Italy
Tu
rkey
Mexic
o
Do
min
ican
Rep
.
Ch
ina
Jo
rdan
Sp
ain
Ch
ile
Ku
wait
Arg
en
tin
a
Po
rtu
gal
UA
E
Ind
ia
Bra
zil
Taiw
an
Jap
an
US
LN
G E
xp
orts b
y D
estin
atio
n (
Bc
f)
Relevant • Independent • Objective
Page 15
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
CA
OD
C, B
aker
Hu
ghes
. SO
UR
CE:
CER
I, C
AO
DC
.
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
CA
OD
C.
0
500
1,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
2,5
00
3,0
00 Jan
-06
Ju
l-07
Jan
-09
Ju
l-10
Jan
-12
Ju
l-13
Jan
-15
Ju
l-16
US
WC
SB
No
rth
Am
eric
an
Ac
tiv
e R
igs
0
100
200
300
40
0
500
60
0
700
80
0
900
1,0
00 Ja
n-0
6J
ul-
07
Ja
n-0
9J
ul-
10
Ja
n-1
2J
ul-
13
Ja
n-1
5J
ul-
16
Ac
tiv
e R
igs
To
tal R
ig D
rillin
g F
leet
Ca
na
dia
n R
ig F
lee
t U
tiliz
atio
nW
ee
kly
Ave
ra
ge
Ac
tiv
e R
igs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 Jan
-09
Jan
-10
Jan
-11
Jan
-12
Jan
-13
Jan
-14
Jan
-15
Jan
-16
Jan
-17
SK
AB
BC
WC
SB
Ac
tiv
e R
igs b
y P
ro
vin
ce
We
ek
ly A
ve
ra
ge
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
15
913
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
5-Y
ea
r A
vg
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01
62
01
7
We
ste
rn
Ca
na
da
Ac
tiv
e R
igs
We
ek
ly A
ve
ra
ge
Week N
um
ber
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
CA
OD
C.
CERI Commodity Report - Natural Gas
Page 16
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Bak
er H
ugh
es.
SO
UR
CE:
CER
I, B
aker
Hu
ghe
s.
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Bak
er H
ugh
es.
0%
10%
20%
30
%
40%
50
%
60%
70
%
80%
90
%
100%
0
200
400
600
800
1,0
00
1,2
00
1,4
00
1,6
00
1,8
00
2,0
00
2,2
00
2,4
00 Jan
-06
Ju
l-07
Jan
-09
Ju
l-10
Jan
-12
Ju
l-13
Jan
-15
Ju
l-16
Oil-d
irecte
dG
as-d
irecte
dG
as-d
irecte
d %
US
To
ta
l O
il-
an
d G
as-d
ire
cte
d A
ctiv
e R
igs
0
500
1,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
2,5
00 Ja
n-0
6J
ul-
07
Ja
n-0
9J
ul-
10
Ja
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Ja
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16
To
tal O
il-d
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Gas-d
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dO
nsh
ore
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s-d
irecte
d
US
To
ta
l A
ctiv
e R
igs
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 J
an
-06
Ju
l-07
Jan
-09
Ju
l-10
Jan
-12
Ju
l-13
Jan
-15
Ju
l-16
Oil
-dir
ec
ted
Ga
s-d
ire
cte
d
US
Gu
lf o
f M
ex
ico
Ac
tiv
e R
igs
Relevant • Independent • Objective
Page 17
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Pla
tts
Gas
Dai
ly, S
tati
stics
Can
ada
CA
NSI
M T
able
12
9-0
00
5
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Sta
tisti
cs C
anad
a C
AN
SIM
Tab
le 1
29
-00
05
.
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
EIA
. SO
UR
CE:
CER
I, E
IA.
0
100
20
0
300
400
500
600
700
800
90
0
1,0
00
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ea
r R
an
ge
20
16
Ca
na
dia
n W
ork
ing
Ga
s S
to
ra
ge
(Bc
f, M
on
th
-end)
0
100
200
300
40
0
500
60
0
700
80
0
900
1000
De
c-1
5F
eb
-16
Ap
r-1
6J
un
-16
Au
g-1
6O
ct-
16
De
c-1
6
West
East
Ca
na
dia
n S
to
ra
ge
by R
eg
ion
(B
cf,
Mo
nth
-en
d)
0
500
1,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
2,5
00
3,0
00
3,5
00
4,0
00
4,5
00
5,0
00
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ear
Avg
.2
01
62017
US
Lo
we
r-4
8 W
ork
ing
Ga
s S
to
ra
ge
(B
cf,
Mo
nth
-en
d)
0
500
1,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
2,5
00
3,0
00
3,5
00
4,0
00
4,5
00
Ja
n-1
6M
ar-
16
Ma
y-1
6J
ul-
16
Se
p-1
6N
ov-1
6J
an
-17
East
Mid
west
Mo
un
tain
Pac
ific
So
uth
Ce
ntr
al
US
Sto
ra
ge
by R
eg
ion
(B
cf,
Mo
nth
-en
d)
•Im
po
rtan
t N
ote
: So
urc
e o
f C
anad
ian
sto
rage
dat
a is
in
tra
nsi
tio
n,
fro
m P
latt
's G
as D
aily
to
Sta
tisti
cs
Can
ada
CA
NSI
M T
able
12
9-0
00
5 -
Can
adia
n m
on
thly
nat
ura
l gas
sto
rage
, C
anad
a an
d p
rovi
nce
s. 2
01
6
dat
a an
d o
nw
ard
s is
no
w c
olle
cted
fro
m t
he
latt
er w
hile
dat
a p
rio
r to
20
16
is f
rom
th
e fo
rmer
.
CERI Commodity Report - Natural Gas
Page 18
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Pla
tts
Gas
Dai
ly, S
tati
stics
Can
ada
CA
NSI
M T
able
12
9-0
00
5.
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Pla
tt’s
Gas
Dai
ly, S
tati
stics
Can
ada
CA
NSI
M T
able
12
9-0
00
5.
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
Pla
tt’s
Gas
Dai
ly, S
tati
stics
Can
ada
CA
NSI
M T
able
12
9-0
00
5.
-140
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
WC
_IJ
_W
D
5-Y
ea
r A
vg
.2016
We
ste
rn
Ca
na
dia
n S
to
ra
ge
In
jec
tio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls(B
cf,
Mo
nth
-end)
-80
-60
-40
-200
20
40
60
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ear
Avg
.2016
Ea
ste
rn
Ca
na
dia
n S
to
ra
ge
In
jec
tio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls
(Bc
f, M
on
th
-end)
-150
-100
-500
50
100
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ea
r A
vg
.2
01
6
Ca
na
dia
n S
to
ra
ge
In
jec
tio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls
(Bc
f, M
on
th
-en
d)
Relevant • Independent • Objective
Page 19
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
EIA
. SO
UR
CE:
CER
I, E
IA.
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
EIA
.
-250
-200
-150
-100
-500
50
100
150
200
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ear
Avg
.2016
2017
US
Ea
st S
to
ra
ge
In
jec
tio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls(B
cf,
Mo
nth
-end)
-300
-20
0
-1000
100
200
30
0
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ear
Av
g.
2016
2017
US
Mid
we
st R
eg
ion
Sto
ra
ge
Inje
ctio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-100
10
20
30
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ea
r A
vg
.2
01
62
01
7
US
Mo
un
ta
in R
eg
ion
Sto
ra
ge
Inje
ctio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls
(Bc
f, M
on
th
-en
d)
-80
-60
-40
-200
20
40
60
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ea
r A
vg
.2016
2017
US
Pa
cif
ic R
eg
ion
Sto
ra
ge
In
jec
tio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls(B
cf,
Mo
nth
-en
d)
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
EIA
.
CERI Commodity Report - Natural Gas
Page 20
SOU
RC
E: C
ERI,
EIA
. SO
UR
CE:
CER
I, E
IA.
-300
-200
-1000
100
200
300
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ear
Av
g.
20
16
2017
US
So
uth
Ce
ntra
l R
eg
ion
Sto
ra
ge
Inje
ctio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls
(Bc
f, M
on
th
-en
d)
-10
00
-80
0
-60
0
-40
0
-20
00
200
400
600
800
JF
MA
MJ
JA
SO
ND
5-Y
ear
Av
g.
20
16
2017
US
Sto
ra
ge
In
jec
tio
ns/W
ith
dra
wa
ls
(Bc
f, M
on
th
-en
d)