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7/31/2019 JJ Mitigation

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SIBARAM BEHERA

109BT0020Department of

Biotechnology and MedicalEngineering


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Definition of mitigation

Mitigation is

The implementation of measuresdesigned to reduce the undesirable effects of a proposed

action on the environment.


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Importance of mitigationTo avoid, reduce, remedy or compensate significant

adverse impacts on environment and society

Enhancing beneficial effects and lower costs forenvironmental protection

fostering better opportunities for business


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Mitigation hierarchy

*Adapted from Rio tinto and biodiversity achieving results on the ground


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Mitigation byavoidance

Mitigation byminimization

mitigation byrehabilitation

OffsetAdditional

conservation actions

Residual impacts


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Mitigation by avoidanceMeasures considering siting,

design, process, technology,

route alternatives and nogooptions to avoid impacts.

Represents cheapest andmost effective form ofimpact mitigation.

This approach offers thegreatest benefit of avoidingimpacts early in the planningcycle.


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Mitigation by minimizationMeasures attempting to

reduce impact or tolimit the exposure ofreceptors to impacts.

Applicable only in theprogressive phase ofthe development project.

aims at limiting theseverity of impacts


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Mitigation by rehabilitationMeasures undertaken to restore the environment to

its previous condition or to a new equilibrium.

Applicable only towards the end phase of projectimplementation.

This restorative approach helps improve adverseconditions created by the proposed development


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Offsets/Mitigation by compensationBiodiversity "offsets" are conservation actions

designed to compensate for the unavoidable impactson biodiversity caused by mining and refining.

Represents on-site or off site measures consideredearly in the planning process and also alongside thedevelopment to offset residual impacts

This approach opens a window of opportunity fornegotiations between developers and decision-makers


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2 x


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Additional conservation actionsAdditional conservation actions include a broad

range of activities which are intended to benefitbiodiversity, where the effects or outcomes can bedifficult to quantify.

Applied in parallel with other compensation measuresto encourage opportunities to limit the scope and scaleof impacts and on improving environmental features.


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Coal mine methane (CMM)This is a term given to the methane gas produced oremitted in association with coal mining activities eitherfrom the coal seam itself or from other gassy formations

underground.Three primary incentives for recovering CMM

improve the safetyof mines

improve mine economics

to reduce greenhouse gasemissions

*International Journal of Coal Geology 86 (2011) 121156

Karacan et al.


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*Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 31 (2005) 123170, Su et al.


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Rio Tinto and biodiversity, achieving results on ground

Mitigation and compensation in environmental assessment by AshaRajvanshi

Principles of Environmental and mitigation and monitoring-USAID http://teeic.anl.gov/er/coal/mitigation/index.cfm

An assessment of mine methane mitigation and utilizationtechnologies, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 31 (2005) 123

170,Su et al.

Coal mine methane: A review of capture and utilization practices withbenefits to mining safety and to greenhouse gas reduction,International Journal of Coal Geology 86 (2011) 121156,Karacan et al.

References
http://teeic.anl.gov/er/coal/mitigation/index.cfmhttp://teeic.anl.gov/er/coal/mitigation/index.cfmhttp://teeic.anl.gov/er/coal/mitigation/index.cfm


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