john mikulin · 0.3% 31% 16% 7% 6% 6% 5% 2% 1% maricopa county - primary pm2.5 (%) mobile - on-road...

John Mikulin Regional Lead, Electric Vehicle Deployment

Public Fleets Sector Lead, West Coast Collaborative Clean Energy & Climate Change Office – Air Division

U.S. EPA, Region 9

Valley of the Sun Clean Cities Coalition Arizona Clean Diesel Workshop

October 25, 2012

REGION 9

1

Presentation Topics 1) West Coast Collaborative (WCC)

a) National Clean Diesel Campaign (NCDC) b) Partnership Opportunities

2) Air Quality in Arizona a) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) b) National Emissions Inventory (NEI)

3) Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) a) Eligible emissions reduction strategies b) DERA grant project examples & requirements

4) Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Deployment a) Why electrification? b) Business Case for PEVs 2

REGION 9 REGION 10

3

Public-Private

Partnership

EPA Regions 9 & 10

AK, AZ, CA, HI, ID,

NV, OR, WA, Pacific

Islands & 419 Native

Tribes

Over 1,000

Partners

4

West Coast Collaborative Goals

1) Help meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) by reducing diesel emissions along the West Coast.

2) Support Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reductions.

3) Improve Energy Security and Clean Energy Production.

5

WCC Sectors - http://westcoastcollaborative.org/sectors.htm

Trucking Locomotives & Rail Agriculture & Biofuels Marine Vessels & Ports Public Fleets Construction & Distributed Generation 6

http://westcoastcollaborative.org/sectors.htm

Air Quality in Arizona

NAAQS Attainment Designations 8-hr Ozone, 24-hr PM2.5

http://www.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/index.html

NEI 2008 Data Analysis Arizona & Maricopa County http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html

REGION 9

10

http://www.epa.gov/region9/air/maps/index.html

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html

27%

8%

8% 28%

20%

6%

2% 1%

Arizona - NOx (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy

Duty Vehicles

Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Diesel

Mobile - Locomotives

Mobile - Gasoline, Aircraft, LD

Diesel, Other Non-Road

Fuel Combustion - Stationary

Biogenics - Vegetation & Soil

Industrial Processes

Fires Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile Heavy-Duty Diesel = 43% of AZ NOx Emissions

Note - Waste Disposal + Solvents + Miscellaneous < 1%

Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

12

36%

15% 2%

36%

10%

1%

Maricopa County - NOx (%)

Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles







Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 52% of Maricopa County NOx Emissions

Note - Industrial Processes + Fires + Waste Disposal + Commercial Cooking + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

13

7% 3%

1%

29%

22%

17%

6%

5% 5% 3%

2%

Arizona - Primary PM2.5 (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Diesel Mobile - Locomotives

Dust - Construction, Roads


Fires - Prescribed, Wild, Ag

Burning Fuel Combustion - Stationary

Waste Disposal

Agriculture - Crops, Livestock Dust & Waste Mobile - Gasoline, LD Diesel, Aircraft, Other Non-Road Commercial Cooking

Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 11% of Arizona Primary PM2.5 Emissions

Note – Solvents + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

15

18%

7%

0.3%

31%

16%

7%

6%

6% 5%

2% 1%

Maricopa County - Primary PM2.5 (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles

Mobile - Non-Road Equipment -

Diesel



Dust - Roads, Construction


Mobile - Gasoline, LD Diesel,

Aircraft, Other Non-Road

Agriculture - Crops, Livestock

Dust & Waste

Commercial Cooking

Fires - Wild, Ag Burning,

Prescribed

Waste Disposal

Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 26% of Maricopa County Primary PM2.5 Emissions

Note – Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

16

17

North American Emission Control Area (ECA) PM2.5 Benefits in 2030

PM-2.5 standard Current: 15ug/m3; proposed 12-13ug/m3 (annual) 35ug/m3 (24 hour)

Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA)

REGION 9

18

Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA)

State Allocation (30%)

Emerging Technologies Program

National Competitive (70%)

U.S. EPA National Clean Diesel Program (NCDC)

Funding Assistance Program

SmartWay Finance Program 19

DERA Reauthorization – January 2011 H.R.5809 (Inslee D-WA1) – Reauthorized U.S. EPA

DERA funding at up to $100M per year through FY2016 for diesel retrofit, repower and replacement grant projects.

New authorization for clean diesel rebate program.

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/dera-rebate.htm

FY2013 Funding Status Depends on appropriations.

FY2012 DERA RFP – Closed on 6/4/12

FY2012 Funding = $30M nationwide / $5M in Region 9

Congressional Debate – Uncertainty regarding DERA appropriations for FY2013-2016.

20










DERA Funding – Eligible Entities

• Public Agencies w/ jurisdiction over transportation or air quality

– State, regional & local

– Tribes – governments & intertribal consortia

– Port authorities

• Nonprofit Organizations that:

– Represent or provide pollution reduction, or

– Educational services to persons, or

– That own or operate diesel fleets, or

– Have, as their principal purpose, the promotion of transportation or air quality.

21

DERA Funding – Eligible Strategies & EPA Cost Share

• Note – FY12 cost share displayed; subject to change.

• Exhaust Control Technologies = 100%

• Engine Upgrades = 50%

• Cleaner Fuel Use = Incremental fuel cost vs. ULSD

• Idle Reduction Technologies = 100% if combined w/ exhaust control. 0% stand-alone, except for:

– Locomotive Idle Reduction = 50%

– Shorepower & Truck Stop Electrification = 25%

• Aerodynamic Technologies & Low Rolling Resistance Tires = 100% if combined w/ exhaust control, 0% if stand-alone. 22

DERA Funding – Eligible Strategies & EPA Cost Share (cont.)

• Engine Repower = 50%

• Vehicle/Equipment Replacement:

– Nonroad = 25%

– On-Highway = 25%

– Drayage Trucks = 50% if replacement vehicle is powered by a model year 2007, or newer heavy-duty engine.

• EPA Verified Technologies – Verified List - http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/verification/verif-list.htm

– Exhaust Retrofits - http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/technologies/retrofits.htm

– SmartWay Technology - http://www.epa.gov/smartway/technology/index.htm

– California Air Resources Board (CARB) - Technology Verification Reciprocity • http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/documents/epa-arb_moa.pdf

• http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/vt/cvt.htm

23

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/verification/verif-list.htm



http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/technologies/retrofits.htm

http://www.epa.gov/smartway/technology/index.htm

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/documents/epa-arb_moa.pdf



http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/verdev/vt/cvt.htm

DERA Funding – Competitive Project Elements

• Strong Partnerships – clear financial commitments, letters of support, etc.

• Community Benefits – identify county(ies) and local community(ies) that will benefit from reduced diesel emissions exposure.

• Community Engagement – demonstrate process for fostering community support and involvement in project implementation.

• Past Performance – demonstrate competence and success in implementing projects similar to those being proposed for DERA funding.

24

DERA Project Examples 25

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Overhead truck stop electrification system

$1.03M

EPA

Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)

Installed 81 truck stop electrified (TSE) parking spaces, which provide heating, cooling, electrical outlets and internet access at two truck stops in Cochise County, AZ. Love’s Truck Stop in Benson will have 51 spaces and the Sunmart Truck Stop in San Simon, will provide 30 spaces. The TSE spaces provide air quality benefits by reducing idling, and reduce operating costs for drivers.

Annual

Emission

Reduction

512 tons CO2

0.25 tons PM

8.69 tons NOx

Funding Sources

26

City of Phoenix – Department of Public Works

Hybrid Refuse Hauler $830k

$679k

EPA Leveraged

Refuse Haulers – DPF Retrofits, Hybrid & CNG Replacements

The City of Phoenix Public Works Department retrofitted 32 refuse haulers with diesel particulate filters (DPFs), replaced 1 refuse hauler with a hydraulic hybrid launch assist refuse hauler, and replaced 2 diesel refuse haulers with compressed natural gas (CNG) refuse haulers.

Annual

Emission

Reduction

66.4 tons CO2

3.7 tons PM

6.32 tons NOx

Funding Sources

27

Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community

EPA Leveraged

$150k

$10k

Mining Equipment Retrofit Project

Retrofit 7 pieces of heavy-duty diesel mining

equipment owned and operated by the Salt

River Materials Group with diesel particulate

filters (DPFs) .

Annual

Emission Reduction

0.2 tons PM

0.45 tons HC

1.25 tons CO

Funding Source

Project located in a non-attainment area

for PM10 & 8-hour Ozone

Greatest Impact: Maricopa County

28

South Coast Air Quality Management District

Zero-Emission Truck Deployment

The project will replace at least 35

medium-duty diesel urban delivery trucks

with new battery-electric electric trucks.

Annual

Emission Reduction

0.48 tons PM

11.79 tons NOx

707 tons CO2

5.61 tons CO

1.16 tons HC

Funding Source

Selected trucks will have principal operations

in highly impacted communities

Greatest Impact: South Coast Air Basin, CA

EPA Leveraged

$4.22M

$1.05M

29

Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District

Irrigation Pump Electrification Project

The Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) will

establish a voucher program to replace 200 diesel agricultural irrigation pump

engines with new electric motors.

Annual

Emission Reduction

4.58 tons PM

74.34 tons NOx

4.52 tons HC

12.1 tons CO

11,100 tons CO2

Funding Source

Impacted agricultural lands located in an

ozone non-attainment area

Greatest Impact: Sacramento, CA

30

http://www.airquality.org/index.shtml

CALSTART

Pushback tug & ground support equipment

$896K

$454k

EPA Leveraged

This project retrofitted, repowered, and fueled heavy-duty

diesel equipment at 4 airports in California (i.e., SFO, OAK,

SJC & LAX). Retrofitted 12 pieces of on-field equipment

and 5 transit busses with DPFs, repowered 9 aircraft

pushback tugs with all-electric motors, and purchased

123,480 gallons of B20 biodiesel.

California Airports Partnership - Retrofit, Electric Repower & Biodiesel Fueling

Annual

Emission Reduction

0.45 tons PM

2.03 tons NOx

0.56 tons HC

3.89 tons CO

70 tons CO2

Funding Sources

31

San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District Repowering Locomotives in the San Joaquin Valley

This project will repower two locomotives

to reduce diesel emissions in California’s

San Joaquin Valley.

Annual

Emission Reduction

0.82 tons PM

19.09 tons NOx

0.67 tons HC

0.18 tons CO

222 tons CO2

Funding Source

Generator set switch locomotives

significantly reduce PM & NOx

Greatest Impact: SJV Rail Yards TBD

32

Idaho Department of Environmental Quality

Emission Controls for On Road and Nonroad Vehicles

This project will retrofit 20 pieces of non-road

construction equipment and 12 school buses

with pollution control devices such as DOCs,

CCVs and/or DPFs.

Funding Source

Uncontrolled emission

on a school bus

EPA

$148k

Lifetime

Emission Reduction

2 tons PM

7.6 tons NOx

4.7 tons HC

16.3 tons CO

252 tons CO2

Greatest Impact: Statewide

Construction Equipment will be identified

by their proximity to priority areas.

33

FHWA Congestion Mitigation & Air Quality (CMAQ) Funding

• FY13 Funding Estimate = $2.21B nationwide

– Diesel retrofits & outreach.

– Electric or natural gas fueling.

– Alternative Fuel Vehicles - transit, school bus & refuse.

• CMAQ in Arizona

– ADOT Main Page - http://www.azdot.gov/mpd/air_quality/CMAQ.asp

– MAG Project Selection Criteria - http://www.azdot.gov/mpd/PDF/MAGCMAQ.pdf

• FHWA CMAQ Resources – Main Page - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/cmaq/

– Guidance - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/guidance/guidecmaq.cfm

– Program Fact Sheet - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/cmaq.cfm

– Overview Presentation - http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/docs/13sep_cmaq.pdf 34

http://www.azdot.gov/mpd/air_quality/CMAQ.asp

http://www.azdot.gov/mpd/PDF/MAGCMAQ.pdf

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/cmaq/

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/guidance/guidecmaq.cfm

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/cmaq.cfm

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/docs/13sep_cmaq.pdf

Maeve Clancy Project Officer - State, Tribal & Local Air Grants

Tribal Air Coordinator Grants & Program Integration Office – Air Division

U.S. EPA, Region 9

Valley of the Sun Clean Cities Coalition Arizona Clean Diesel Workshop

October 25, 2012

REGION 9

35

Award Timeline (based on FY2012) • April 20, 2012 RFP opens

– Posted to grants.gov – All questions must be submitted to National Diesel Hotline – Informational webinars held

• June 4, 2012 RFP closes – proposals due – Proposals reviewed by EPA Regional Offices – Selections reviewed by EPA HQ

• July 2012 notification of selection – Selected grantees notified by email or letter – Unselected grantees notified by letter, may request a debrief

• Fall 2012 awards made – Project and budget period is usually 2 years, beginning October 1 – November 2012 – NCDC webinar for DERA grantees & EPA staff (date TBA)

• Sign up for NCDC email listserv - http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/

36

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/

http://www.epa.gov/region9/climatechange/

Award Process

• Selected grantees receive a guidance letter – Total amount of funding available – Workplan modifications that must be negotiated – Forms that must be submitted

• Grantees revise the workplan and budget and submit required assurances and certifications

• Revised application is approved by EPA • EPA issues award document

– Funds are legally obligated to recipient – Work may begin once award is signed by recipient and

returned to EPA

37

Managing Your Grant

• Read your grant agreement – Amount of matching or cost sharing – Programmatic and financial reporting requirements and

deadlines – Terms and conditions – Payment procedures

SCRAPPAGE

38

Managing Your Grant

• Manage day to day operations of grant supported activities

• Request reimbursement as grant funds are utilized – ASAP or hard copy payment requests – Consequences if grant funds are drawn down too quickly

or too slowly

39

Managing Your Grant

• Complete quarterly (due 30 days after the end of each quarter) and final programmatic reports (due 90 days after the end of the grant – Fleet spreadsheet and diesel emissions quantifier (DEQ) – Report templates are provided by EPA

40

Managing Your Grant

• Complete financial reports and audits as required

• Identify potential problems and areas where project officer or technical assistance might be necessary

• Request budget or workplan changes that require prior approval

• Communicate with EPA – Project Officer: Programmatic lead – Grant Specialist: Fiscal lead – WCC Sector Leads: Technical lead

41

DERA Grants Overview

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/grantfund.htm

National Funding Assistance Program

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/prgnational.htm

Emerging Technologies Program

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/prgemerg.htm

SmartWay Finance Program

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/prgfinance.htm

Grant Reporting Templates

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/grant-reporting.htm

42






































WCC & PEV Deployment

REGION 9

43

Electric Projects

• Diesel-to-Electric = Lower Mobile Emissions – Compliments mobile source regulatory strategies.

• DERA-Funded Projects – State of Arizona Truck Stop Electrification

– SMAQMD BEVs for regional delivery, HEV buses & electric ag pumps.

– SCAQMD BEVs for regional delivery.

– Ports of SF, LA, LBC OGV Shorepower & electric cargo handlers

• Outreach & Partnerships – WCC Partners Meetings & Sector Calls + External Events

– Partnerships – DOE Clean Cities Coalitions, CALSTART Electric Truck Task Force, Hybrid, Efficient & Advanced Truck Research Center, Plug-In Electric Vehicle Collaborative, Fuel Cell Partnership, and many others.

• Technical & Economic Analysis – Localized Business Case Analyses for PEVs

44

Business Case for PEVs

REGION 9

45

PEV Terminology & Benefit Metrics

PEV = Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

BEVs Large emissions, petroleum, and cost reductions w/ grid, or renewable electricity.

PHEVs Lower emissions, petroleum, and costs + greater range per fueling event.

Benefit Metrics o Emissions = tons reduced/yr vs. gasoline & diesel

o Petroleum = gallons of gasoline & diesel saved/yr

o Operational Costs = $ saved/yr vs. gasoline & diesel 46

Why electrification?

Emissions, energy security & cost savings.

47

U.S. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions

2009 = 1,816.9 MMT CO2e = 27% of U.S. Inventory

48

U.S. Petroleum Dependence

49

Qualitative Benefits of PEV Deployment

1) Fuel Cost Certainty

2) Public Preferences

3) Positive Public Exposure

4) Improved Driving Performance

5) Driver Recruitment & Retention

6) Supports U.S. Energy Security

7) Social Responsibility Source: U.S. EPA West Coast Collaborative, Fleet Partner Testimonials (2012)

50

Criteria for Optimal Deployment – BEV

1) Average Route < 90 mi/day;

2) Operate on predictable/fixed routes;

3) Access to centralized fueling facilities;

4) High idling time; and,

5) Frequent stop-and-go driving conditions.

51

Criteria for Optimal Deployment – PHEV

1) Average Route < 35 mi/day;

2) Occasional Route = 36-379 mi/day;

3) Access to gasoline fueling for longer trips;

4) High idling time; and,

5) Frequent stop-and-go driving conditions.

52

Light-Duty PEV Benefit Estimates Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) < 10,001 lbs (Class 1-2)

Baseline Usage = 15,000 mi/yr

BEV vs. Gasoline ICE (28 mpg) Emissions > 1.68 CO2e tons reduced/yr/vehicle (AZ grid) Petroleum > 536 gasoline gallons saved/yr/vehicle Operational Costs > $2,058 (78%) saved/yr/vehicle

PHEV vs. Gasoline ICE (28 mpg) Emissions > 1.25 CO2e tons reduced/yr/vehicle (AZ grid) Petroleum > 367 gasoline gallons saved/yr/vehicle Operational Costs > $1,704 (58%) saved/yr/vehicle

53

Medium-Duty PEV Benefit Estimates Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) = 10,001-26,000 lbs (Class 3-6)

MD E-Truck vs. Diesel ICE (7.4 mpg) Baseline Usage = 19,800 mi/yr Emissions > 15 CO2e tons reduced/yr/vehicle (AZ grid) Petroleum > 2,670 diesel gallons saved/yr/vehicle Operational Costs > $11,168 (84%) saved/yr/vehicle

E-School Bus vs. Diesel ICE (5.6 mpg) Baseline Usage = 13,000 mi/yr Emissions > 16 CO2e tons reduced/yr/vehicle (AZ Grid) Petroleum > 2,302 diesel gallons saved/yr/vehicle Operational Costs > $9,662 (88%) saved/yr/vehicle

54

PEVs in Arizona

• Average Emissions Reductions Diesel-to-AZ Grid Electricity= 58% CO2e

• Payback from Operational Savings $ Incremental Cost / $ Annual Operational Savings

Light-Duty = -0.2 (BEV) to 2.3 yrs (PHEV)

Medium-Duty = 5.2 (E-Truck) to 7.5 yrs (E-School Bus)

• Distributed Renewable Energy & Electric Vehicle Charging Greater emissions reductions, petroleum conservation,

and cost savings than grid-based electricity.

55

WCC Partnership Opportunities

1) WCC Announcements & Events a) Join/Sign Up - http://64.251.197.192/list-signup.asp b) Participate in WCC Sector Workgroups (quarterly) c) Participate in WCC Partners Meetings (biannual)

2) SmartWay Transport Partnership a) Join - http://www.epa.gov/smartway/partnership/index.htm

3) Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) a) Support implementation of H.R.5809 (Inslee D-WA1, 2010)

b) Apply for Grants - http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/grantfund.htm 56

http://64.251.197.192/list-signup.asp















http://www.epa.gov/smartway/partnership/index.htm
















John Mikulin Regional Lead, Electric Vehicle Deployment

Public Fleets Sector Lead, West Coast Collaborative Clean Energy & Climate Change Office – Air Division

U.S. EPA, Region 9 (415) 972-3956

[email protected] http://www.linkedin.com/in/johnmikulin

57

Ideas, Comments, Questions…?

http://www.westcoastcollaborative.org/

http://epa.gov/cleandiesel/


Maeve Clancy Project Officer - State, Tribal & Local Air Grants

Tribal Air Coordinator Grants & Program Integration Office – Air Division

U.S. EPA, Region 9 (415) 947-4105

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.linkedin.com/in/johnmikulin



http://www.westcoastcollaborative.org/







mailto:[email protected]

Appendix

58

59

IMO MARPOL Annex VI (2008) OGV Fuel Sulfur Standard*

“Global standard”** (Regulation 14.1)

– 4.5% < 2012

– 3.5% (2012-19)

– 0.5% 1 Jan. 2020

Emission Control Area (ECA) standard (Reg. 14.4)

– 1.5% <Jul. 2010

– 1.0% after January, 2010

– 0.1% after January, 2015

59

*All dates are subject to 12 month grace period. Reg. 14.7. ** The 2020 Global Standard is subject to feasibility review in 2018; may be delayed to 2025.

60

North American ECA – Benefits

Compliance with ECA standards is expected to result in annual reductions starting in 2020: – 320,000 tons of NOx

– 90,000 tons of PM2.5

– 920,000 tons of SOx

– 23%, 74% and 86% reduction of predicted levels absent the ECA

ECA benefits include preventing as many as 14,000 premature deaths and relieving respiratory symptoms for nearly 5 million annually.

2% 1%

0.3%

54% 25%

7%

5%

2% 1%

1%

1%

Arizona - Primary PM10 (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy

Duty Vehicles Mobile - Non-Road Equipment - Diesel Mobile - Locomotives



Agriculture -Crops, Livestock Dust

& Waste Fires - Wild, Prescribed, Ag Burning Fuel Combustion - Stationary


Diesel, Other Non-Road Waste Disposal

Commercial Cooking

Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 3% of Arizona Primary PM10 Emissions

Note – Solvents + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

62

6%

2%

0.1%

62%

12%

10%

3%

2% 2% 1%

Maricopa County - Primary PM10 (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles


Diesel



Agriculture - Crops, Livestock

Dust & Waste





Commercial Cooking

Fires - Wild, Ag Burning,

Prescribed

Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 8% of Maricopa County Primary PM10 Emissions

Note – Waste Disposal + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

63

2%

1%

0.2%

58%

25%

10%

2% 2% 1%

Arizona - CO (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy Duty Vehicles






Fires - Wild, Prescribed, Ag Burning


Waste Disposal


Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 3% of Arizona CO Emissions

Note – Solvents + Commercial Cooking + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

65

2.5%

2.1%

0.1%

83%

9%

2% 1%

0.4%

Maricopa County - CO (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy

Duty Vehicles







Fires - Wild, Ag Burning, Prescribed

Industrial Processes Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 5% of Maricopa County CO Emissions

Note – Waste Disposal + Commercial Cooking + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

66

3%

0.3%

0.3%

57%

37%

2% 1%

Arizona - SO2 (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy

Duty Vehicles





Fires - Prescribed, Wild, Ag

Burning


Diesel, Other Non-Road Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 4% of Arizona SO2 Emissions

Note – Waste Disposal + Solvents + Commercial Cooking + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

68

42%

0.4%

1%

30%

20%

4%

2% 1%

Maricopa County - SO2 (%) Mobile - On-Road Diesel Heavy

Duty Vehicles


Diesel






Waste Disposal

Fires - Wild, Prescribed, Ag

Burning Relevant Clean Diesel Finding Mobile HD Diesel = 43% of Maricopa County SO2 Emissions

Note – Commercial Cooking + Miscellaneous < 1% Source: U.S. EPA, NEI (2008)

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john mikulin · 0.3% 31% 16% 7% 6% 6% 5% 2% 1% maricopa county - primary pm2.5 (%) mobile - on-road...

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