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Volume 9, Issue 4, September 2019

Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific

Research (JBASR)

An International Peer-reviewed journal

Number of issues per year: 12

ISSN: 2090-4304 (Print)

ISSN: 2090-424x (Online)

Copyright © 2019, TEXTROAD Publishing Corporation

J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res., Vol.9 No. 4: pp. 1-39, Year 2019

Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research (JBASR)

Monthly Publication

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Number of issues per year: 12 ISSN: 2090-4304 (Print) ISSN: 2090-424x (Online) Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research (JBASR) is a peer reviewed, open access international scientific journal dedicated for rapid publication of high quality original research articles as well as review articles in the all areas of basic and applied sciences.

Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research (JBASR) is devoted to the rapid publication of original and significant research in...

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Prof. Dr. Ashraf Latif Tadross Head of Astronomy Department, Professor of Star Clusters and Galactic Structure, National Research Institute of

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Dr. Meena M.K. M.Sc.(Agri.), Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-

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Table of Contents, September 2019

Anton Topan, Sari Octavia, Daud Andang Pasalli

Influence of Revitalization and Condition Arrangement Strategy of Wamanggu Traditional Market in Merauke District

J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res. 2019 9(4): 1-5. [Abstract] [Full-Text PDF]

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Syahruddin and Nur Jalal

Social Analysis – Local Community Economy to the Policy of Coastal Community Development Project and International Fund for Agricultural Development


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Jayadi, Damis Hardiantono

Analysis of Changing of Run Capacitor Motor to Start-Run Capacitor Motor


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Nur Jalal and Syahruddin

Supervision of Residence Permit of Foreigner, A Study of Merauke Class II Immigration Office


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Damis Hardiantono, Paulus Mangera

Comparison Using Express Feeder and Capasitor Bank Allocation to Corrective Voltage Level on Primary Distribution Feeder


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Damis Hardiantono

Analysis of Voltage and Armature Resistance Regulation of Direct Current Motors


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Daud Andang Pasalli, Anton Topan, Muchlis Alahudin

Spatial Pattern of Utilization of Pedestrian Path by Street Vendor Activities


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J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 9(4)1-5, 2019

© 2019, TextRoad Publication

ISSN 2090-4304

Journal of Basic and Applied

Scientific Research www.textroad.com

Corresponding Author: Anton Topan, University of Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]

Influence of Revitalization and Condition Arrangement Strategy of

Wamanggu Traditional Market in Merauke District

Anton Topan*, Sari Octavia, Daud Andang Pasalli

University of Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia

Received: April 26, 2019

Accepted: July 24, 2019

ABSTRACT

Revitalization policy of traditional market is important to be implemented, since as we know, there is unhealthy

competition among sellers in traditional market. This policy is successfully implemented in Wamanggu Market,

Merauke District. This research aims to establish, analysis, and portray cooperation pattern among the sellers in adapting with revitalization of Wamanggu market in Merauke. The analysis involves how they are adapting to

revitalization change of Wamanggu traditional market in case of cooperation and what are the efforts taken in it.

This research uses qualitative descriptive research method which reveals event or fact, condition, and phenomenon

which are occurred and experienced. The efforts which have been taken consist of physical (construction and improvement of market facility), and non-physical (coaching and empowerment of human resources) aspects.

KEYWORDS: revitalization, Wamanggu, Merauke, Traditional Market

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a unitary state which consists of several provinces, districts, and cities to facilitate task and authority delegation. Such concept is in line with decentralization concept which its main aim is to bring close

facility to the resident in region so that prosperous community may be able to be realized. In order to do that,

development must be done in region which directed to improve people’s life quality; thus, peace and welfare of

Indonesian community can be realized. Development, in general, is improvement in all sectors, one of which is in economy field more specifically in market development. The importance of market development is since people

necessities increase and market has become main support of region’s economy.

Traditional market revitalization program becomes one of the most important programs since traditional

market is a place where various trading transactions between communities as consumer and seller take place [1]. It is indeed important to do revitalization. All this time traditional market which has not been revitalized is generally

identical with filthy, dirty, and muddy. Also, to find parking area is difficult. This condition commonly happens in

various regions. In consequences, through revitalization such condition will change. The market which has been revitalized will be provided with public parking area to facilitate the consumers who using car or motorbike. They

can park their vehicles at the provided public parking area.

Market revitalization program has been implemented in Wamanggu market of Merauke district which

inaugurated by the Regent on April 2015, 2013. This market started its development in 2003 and had spent Rp. 135.464.853.390 (one hundred thirty five billion four hundred sixty four million eight hundred fifty three thousand

and three hundred ninety rupiah). The development of Wamanggu market is planned to be Semi Mall Market

combining traditional market with modern market concept located at the previous place which stands in land of 21.167 m2 and 15.030 m2 area of building. It will be 3 (three) floors building with 4 (four) blocks designated for

various commodities. In this case, the problems occurred before and after revitalization in Merauke District market are: 1. Building sanitation has not been stable yet; 2. Less effective garbage processing; 3. Seller arrangement; 4.

Vehicles parking area arrangement [2,3]. Market, in narrow meaning, is a place where demand and supply meet, which in this case the definition

tends to traditional market. Meanwhile, in wider meaning, market is a transaction process between demand and

supply and in this case the definition tends to modern market. Market is a field or yard which partly being roofed or

partly opened or even entirely being roofed or opened in accordance with the prevailing provision and regulation of the local government. The theory described also includes traditional market relocation in North Kotamobogu since it

is managed by the local government of Kotamobogu city. Today’s, modern shopping centers develop really fast

until suburb area and sub-district. Nevertheless, traditional market role is still crucial and fuse into society’s life.

1

Citation: Anton Topan, Sari Octavia, Daud Andang Pasalli, 2019, Influence of Revitalization and Condition Arrangement Strategy of Wamanggu

Traditional Market in Merauke District; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)1-5.

Seller and consumer in traditional market can directly communicate and know each other more, not only about the

commercial goods but also other interests. In traditional market, each culture relating to type of food and dressing

manner has united and interacted peacefully with various background of ethnic and race such as Chinese, Batak, Padang, Makassar, Java, and Papua.

METHODS

The used method in this research is descriptive survey and conservation [4,5]. It aims to examine problem by

collecting data, arranging and classifying data, and analyzing the data. Moreover, the data collection technique is

Field Study, Interview, Documentation Study, Literature Study, and Data analysis technique [6,7]. Besides, analysis

of area and Planning Area is performed. Systematically the analysis is conducted by reviewing aspects of:

Population Social Development,

Economic Growth Prospect,

Physical and Environmental Supporting Power.

The research location is in Merauke City, specifically in Maro Sub-Village, Paulus Napi Street.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. Garbage condition

Trash management system has not yet neatly organized since community has lack of understanding and concern to the environment and health.

Figure 1. Trash management system in research location

2. Liquid waste management system

Disorganized liquid waste system is caused by community which throws liquid waste such as fish wash mud and it

is rarely cleaned.

2


Figure 2. Liquid waste condition in research location

3. Seller place condition

This condition is really concerned since community still use public parking area as seller place.

3

Citation: Anton Topan, Sari Octavia, Daud Andang Pasalli, 2019, Influence of Revitalization and Condition Arrangement Strategy of Wamanggu

Traditional Market in Merauke District; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)1-5.

Figure 3. Seller place condition in research location

4


4. Parking area condition

The parking area is not functioned as it is. In consequences, the condition is still disorganized.

Figure 4. Parking area in research location

In accordance with garbage type, container is arranged in accordance with garbage type. Thus, community may differentiate organic, inorganic, and liquid wastes. Place for seller has been arranged neatly and divided into 2

lanes, in which vegetable seller and fish seller. Thus, smell and wash from the fish will not cause trouble. In

addition, in pedestrian area, trash bins are provided so that the consumer can be discipline in throwing trash. In

addition, Car parking area which initially becomes place for seller has been functioned as it is.

CONCLUSION

Traditional market revitalization of Wamanggu Market, Merauke needs to be done since there are several aspects

that need to be improved and really disturbing seller or consumer convenience. Even, in this case disturb all elements around the market. One of the aspects which need to be improved is, firstly, trash management. It is found

that trash becomes the trouble in every building element including Wamanggu Market as well. Secondly, Liquid

waste arrangement, same as trash management, liquid waste arrangement has complex issue; thus, design revitalization need to be done. Thirdly, place for seller condition which is disorganized and has not functioned as it

is. The organization between parking area and place for seller has not functioned optimally in accordance with its

condition.

REFERENCES

[1]. Mangeswuri, Dewi, R. dan Purwanto, N.P. (2010) Revitalisasi Pasar Tradisional di Indonesia: Jurnal

Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik.Vol.2 No. 1 Desember 2010

[2]. Arikunto, S. (2006) Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta, Rineka Cipta

[3]. Siagian, Sondang P. (2001) Administrasi Pembangunan: Konsep, Dimensi, dan Strateginya. Jakarta, Bumi

Aksara

[4]. Domai, Tjahjanulin. (2010) Kebijakan Kerjasama Antar Daerah Dalam Perspektif Sound Governance.

Surabaya, Jenggala Pustaka Utama

[5]. Milles, Hubberman dan Saldana. (2014) Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook, SAGE

Publications, Inc.

[6]. Hariani Fitrianti, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu, Philipus Betaubun. 2019. Modeling factor as the cause of traffic

accident losses using multiple linear regression approach and generalized linear models. IOP Conference

Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 235.1. 012030.

[7]. Herbin F. Betaubun, Philipus Betaubun. 2018. Evaluation of the Performance of Traffic Signs for Vehicle

Speed Limits in Merauke District. International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology, 9(8): 568–573.

5



ISSN 2090-4304



Corresponding Author: Syahruddin, Major of State Administration Science, Faculty of Social and Political Science of Musamus University. email: [email protected]

Social Analysis – Local Community Economy to the Policy of Coastal

Community Development Project and International Fund for

Agricultural Development

Syahruddin* and Nur Jalal

Major of State Administration Science, Faculty of Social and Political Science of Musamus University,

Merauke, Indonesia.

Received: May 29, 2019

Accepted: August 11, 2019

ABSTRACT

The government’s program would not work without active role from the society and therefore, this research aims

to find out the involvement of society in Onggari village in the government’s policy concerning Coastal

Commodity Development (CCDP-IFAD) program. Data of this research use qualitative method with description

approach and analysis techniques use data reduction, presentation and conclusion. This research shows the

involvement of the community in the government’s policy using several community involvement indicators in

planning, implementation, utilization and evaluation. The involvement of the community in program planning

phase is very good by providing the necessary information and ideas, in program implementation where the

community’s involvement has been involved in project activities in accordance with the working group formed,

in the government’s program utilization is not yet optimum due to the local human capital is not yet sufficient

also lack of guidance from the local government, and the involvement of the community in program evaluation

has not functioned well, that is, starting from regional government, village as well as local people due to lack of coordination.

KEYWORDS: Community Empowerment, CCDP-IFAD Program Policy, Social-Economy

INTRODUCTION

The policy of community empowerment program through CCDP (Coastal Community Development

Project) and IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) aimed to improve the income of coastal

community in maritime and fishery activities at coastal and small islands area. Whereas the program was the

Government’s policy, particularly the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in order to reduce poverty rate,

increase employment, sustainable development and economic growth in line with the International Fund for

Agricultural Development (IFAD) program.

The locations of the government’s program are 12 (twelve) Regencies in Indonesia for (5) five years.

The success of a Government program especially an empowerment program is highly connected to the active role

of society as the target of the program. Merauke Regency is a location for the activities of Coastal Community

Development Project which aim to increase the people’s household income with impact of rise in assets and improvement of toddlers’ nutrition based on the main components which are community empowerment,

development and management of resources. [1]

Areas with large maritime resources which are composed of 4 (four Districts) with 15 (fifteen) Villages

which result in the formation of 144 groups or 1.395.000 people in Merauke regency. Whereas one of the Location

of the community development program policy is in Malin District Onggari Village, where one of the community

involvement in the government’s program policy is the main problem in the development.

Merauke Regency with poverty rate in the year 2017 of 24, 06 with the percentage of 10,77 is still high,

which means that government policy through various programs were still not helpful enough for the community

to increase the people’s economy. [2]. Throughout several policies of development program, a society can increase

living standard both individually and in their community to manage the resources and produce improvements to

meet living quality in accordance to the creativity of the community. [3] Mediating structures which allowed the weaker groups to express aspiration and show their ability to a wider social environment, was currently tend to

weaken [4]

This thing was very much perceived by the community because it is still not utilized well, whether the

potential of catching, cultivating and processed product. Lack of information regarding the market and the low

quantity of processed production which met the quality of the market standard resulted in the sluggish opportunity

and effort of welfare improvement of fishermen community. This was shown in the high poverty rate of the coastal

community.

6

Citation: Syahruddin and Nur Jalal, 2019, Social Analysis – Local Community Economy to the Policy of Coastal Community Development

Project and International Fund for Agricultural Deve; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)6-10.

Onggari Village had the potential of a sufficiently large fishery resources to be developed and it was not

yet utilized optimally. The fish commodity produced, among others, were barramundi, Chinese snappers, prawn,

striped snakehead and etc. In global crisis situation, the actual fishery business as a whole is able to open a new

business opportunity for people who live in the coastal area to process the products of maritime and fisheries.

The government of Merauke Regency, particularly Fishery Office through Coastal Community Development Project program, encouraged the change of perspective, way of thinking, life habit, creative and

productive in processing the resources potential. The program of these activities was helped by the guides in

several existing coastal villages, the function of a guide was as an educator, facilitator and representative of the

community as well as technical labor of poor community guidance in the village. [4]. One of the possibilities

which could be realized by Onggari Village was as a producer in fishery sector which would serve consumers in

Merauke Regency.

The problem of the researcher would only be focused to the problem of community involvement in

Coastal Commodity Development Project - International Fund for Agricultural Development (CCDP-IFAD)

program in Onggari Village Malind District Merauke Regency. Referring to one of the purposes of the CCDP

program, namely, aimed to increase the household income of the coastal community who are involved in the

activities and involvement of the People in the Execution of Coastal Community Development Project (CCDP-

IFAD) Program. The focus of the problem was how the empowerment of coastal community in community development through Coastal Community Development Project (CCDP-IFAD) program in Onggari Village.

METHODS

The location of the research was in Malind District Onggari Village Merauke Regency with research using

qualitative method with descriptive approach. To strengthen the research, the technique used were interviews,

observation and document gathering as well as Group Discussion in order to obtain the accurate data and

information. The informant of the research, namely Fishery Office, the village government and society as well as

the program’s guides. Data analysis technique used were data gathering in the field, data reduction phase where

plan formulation phase, conceptual frame, questions, problems and instruments used, after the data were gathered,

formulate and data presentation. Data presentation phase conducted analysis in the form of table, matrix and causal network chart. Conclusion making phase and verification. [5,6].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Involvement of the people where the will of the people supported the government’s program activities

and cooperation between the village government and Regional Government would plan, execute, utilize and

develop the development result. [7]

The involvement of society in the planning was realized in the form of society participation such as socialization

and activities program meeting where the people contributed ideas, inputs and opinions as well as suggestions,

the people were proactive in meetings with the village head and government in setting group spending in program

activities, activities planning process were expected that the people would be willing to provide place to set up

processing cottage and information center as well as to receive funds to be planned in the group spending. [8] On the field was still show lack of socialization and there was still community who did not join the

meeting and also the division of several program groups did not meet an agreement with each other, this was due

to at the time of group formation and the members did not involve the people where the formation was directly

appointed by the village government and field guides.

Involvement of the people in the execution was realized in the form of labor, fund (money) and materials.

This became an important role in the program implementation because the people were the one who executed it

such as facilities and infrastructure voluntarily, purchase of net, patches and machines, as well as processing

devices using the existing group funds.

The result of the findings in the field showed that there were groups who complained because the patches

that they ordered were not in line with their expectation, and also the actual condition so the patches could not be

operated and the processing group were not yet able to operate due to the absence of capital to purchase catch results from the local people.

The involvement of the people in the utilization of products in the form of labor and fund in operating and the

maintenance of projects which had been built. In fact, all physical facilities and information center, processing

center were already existed. Due to several different challenges in each eating group, the program was not yet

optimum in the information aspect, processing center had already existed. Because with the existence of different

challenges in each eating group, the program was not yet optimum and this happened because the community still

expected aids such as capital from the government for group operational.

Involvement of the community in evaluation phase were in the form of supervising and assessing directly the

development process. The success or failure of this government program could be seen from the assessment of

7


community in the problem identification process, execution in evaluation process. [9] On the field, there were still

differences in the program that was formed in the group and there were still lack of guidance whether from the

guides as well as directly from the government.

The government program would be successful if the people supported or participated in the program’s

activities. Further, the form of involvement provided by the community in a development program, could be classified into 2 (two) types, which were the form of involvement provided in a tangible form and also a form of

involvement provided in an intangible form. Examples of tangible forms were money, materials, labor whereas

intangible forms of involvement were participation of thoughts, decision making and representative participation.

a. Involvement of the Community in planning

Involvement of the community in the planning phase of CCDP-IFAD program in Onggari Village Malind

District Merauke Regency, the people were directly involved in the form of giving proposals such as ideas or

notions based on the existing resources. Involvement in the planning phase could be realized through participation

of the people in various program meetings. How far the people were involved in the formulation process and

determination of development program and how far the people provided thoughts contribution in the form of

suggestions for the development.

Based on the research fact, it was obtained that in the planning phase, there were part of the community that did not participate in the planning due to lack of information from the local village government.

b. Involvement of the community in Implementation

The form of involvement of the community in the implementation of CCDP-IFAD program was not merely

emotional involvement but the involvement of the community in providing contribution to support the

implementation of the program with labor as well as thoughts. Based on the research fact, it was found that there

were communities who were involved in the project that provided land for the construction of information center

and product processing cottages. To simplify conclusion drawing, the researcher made a table of participation of

the people from each group involved as follows: Facilities and Infrastructure Group was Execution of Physical

Development in the form of processing cottage and information center, Catch Group was Execution of Purchase

of devices required for catching such as patches, patch machines, net and execution of tools required for processing such as meat grinder machines, Freezer, basket, water and salt container.

In the implementation phase, the community had carried out the activities in accordance to the groups that

had been assigned. However, on the other hand, there was catch group, for this matter procurement of goods that

were spent, which were patches and machines that were not in accordance to what was expected, so that they

could not be used or operated. Another factor of lack of good communication so that the activities that had been

planned did not meet expectation.

c. Involvement of the community in Utilization

Involvement of the community in benefiting the result which could be seen from three aspects namely

material benefit aspect, which were its social benefit and personal benefit. Starting from the CCDP-IFAD program

which was executed in Onggari Village, the development of facilities and infrastructure produced that were

expected from that development could provide benefit to the people that they could enjoy the result of such development. Involvement of the community in the utilization of the result was realized starting from the

involvement of someone in the utilization phase of a project after that project was completed. Involvement of the

community in this phase were in the form of labor and money to operate and maintain the projects that had been

built.

Based on the research result on the field that was obtained, whether from interviews or observation regarding

CCDP-IFAD program had been utilized by the people such as physical development in the form of information

center and processing cottage as well as facilities to support program’s activities such as patches, rolling machines,

net, freezer, meat grinder and etc. However, in the utilization aspect, it had not yet shown any success rate from

the purpose of this program. This was due to the minimum guidance from the relevant office, and also it was not

supported with the readiness of the community in managing.

d. Involvement of the community in Evaluation

Numerous development result which had been realized in that program could be seen from the success rate

or was still short, if there was an assessment of people or group which had already considered good, such program

provided benefits in line with the need of welfare of many people. Therefore, the people of Onggari village could

participate in assessing the result of the projects that had been implemented from this CCDP-IFAD program, so

there was a development of the village which was not in accordance to the need of the people, hence the

government party could evaluate and as a referral for the formulation of the following development program.

Involvement of the people in evaluation could be realized as a form of participation in assessing and supervising

the activity of development program.

8

Citation: Syahruddin and Nur Jalal, 2019, Social Analysis – Local Community Economy to the Policy of Coastal Community Development

Project and International Fund for Agricultural Deve; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)6-10.

Based on the results from interviews as well as observation concerning CCDP-IFAD program in Onggari Village

Malind District Merauke Regency showed that the participation of the community in the planning of this program

had operated well, as seen from the participation of the people in giving ideas or notions. Further, in the program

implementation phase, the people had played an active role whether from the utilization of existing human capital

aspect as well as activities-supporting facilities. The result of utilization of CCDP-IFAD program in Onggari Village had not yet shown any success rate as expected in accordance with the purpose of the program, which

therefore would impact to the economy of the people as the target of the beneficiary, hence the utilization of this

program had not yet been able to improve independency of the people in managing the existing resources based

on the potential of surrounding areas.

After carrying out observation and interviews on the field, there were challenges in the implementation

of CCDP-IFAD program in Onggari Village, which were lack of coordination between the Village government

with the people, and also lack of understanding about the implemented program without being supported by

guidance from the relevant Office.

Based on the findings from the field and as result from this analysis, the writer gave out what presumably

could provide benefit for all parties, particularly the government of Onggari Village as the manager of CCDP-

IFAD program. The need of transparency in the phase of planning, implementation, utilization to evaluation in

order for the planned program could provide benefit for the people in Onggari Village. The need of coordination between stakeholders, whether the relevant Office, the Village Government as well as

the people in order for this program to be well operated as well as utilized in accordance to the purpose of the

organization of this program, which certainly would give positive impact to the continuity of the programs relevant

to the management of resources and potential in Onggari village. Independency of the community should be

supported with the readiness of the Village government in providing support whether in the form of facilities as

well as infrastructure in order to support the activities. Further, the guidance from Fishery Office that was more

directed would certainly provide room for the village government and the people as the target of the program

recipient to be able to develop as well as manage both existing resources and potential in the village, this thing

would certainly give impact the independency of the community to not be dependent to the program from the

government.

CONCLUSIONS

Participation rate in the planning of active involvement of the community in expressing activities

proposals in the form of ideas or notions. Involvement in implementation, the community participated in executing

program activities in accordance to the formed groups. Where the existing human resources utilization program

were in the form of labor, thoughts, as well as activities supporting facilities. However, from the result of the

utilization of CCDP-IFAD program has not yet shown any success rate as expected in accordance to the purpose

of the program. The program that is executed, the Government of Onggari Village starting from the planning

process, utilization, production to evaluation phase shows that only several communities that have given

contribution to the execution of activity program provided by the Merauke Regency Fishery Office whether in the

form of labor and place as well as time. However, there are still challenges in the execution of CCDP-IFAD

program, which is, lack of coordination between the Village Government and the people, so it causes different understandings in the implementation, and the minimum guidance from the relevant Office. So, it is concluded

that the involvement of the people in the CCDP-IFAD program in Onggari Village Malind District Merauke

Regency have been carried out well, but the result of CCDP-IFAD program that have been implemented has not

shown the expected success rate in accordance to the purpose of this program due to lack of understanding of the

society as well as the lack of resources which is not yet optimum.

REFERENCES

[1]. Zamhariri, 2008 pengembangan Masyarakat: Prespektif pemberdayaan dan pembangunan. Volume

4 Nomor.1 Juni

[2]. BPS, (2018). Statistics Of Marine And Coastal Resources,

[3]. Wahyudin, Y. (2013). General Socio-economic Profile of Coastal Community. Available at SSRN

2211334.

[4]. Berger, O.L. & Nienehaus R.J. 1977. To Empower People. Washington DC: American Enterprise

Institute for Public Policy Research.

9


[5]. Hidayat, A., Rahmanita, M., & Hermantoro, H. (2017). Community Empowerment in Plempoh

Cultural Tourism Village. TRJ Tourism Research Journal, 1(1), 98-116.

[6]. Djamali, R.A., Betaubun, P. 2018. Design of Agroindustry Development Strategy Based on Fisheries

Cacthe of Merauke Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 207 012016.

[7]. Miles Matthew B. & A. Michael Huberman. 1992. Qualitative Data Analysis. Diterjemahkan oleh

Cecep. RR, dengan judul: Analisis Data Kualitatif. Jakarta: UI-Press.

[8]. Sofianto, A. (2013). Peran Kelompok Masyarakat dalam Penguatan Inovasi Sosial di Desa Karangrejo

Kecamatan Borobudur Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Bina Praja: Journal of Home Affairs Governance,

5(1), 43-52.

[9]. Tampubolon, J., Sugihen, B. G., Samet, M., Susanto, D., & Sumardjo, S. (2006). Pemberdayaan

Masyarakat Melalui Pendekatan Kelompok (Kasus Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin melalui

Pendekatan Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). Jurnal Penyuluhan, 2(2).

10



ISSN 2090-4304



Corresponding Author: Jayadi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Musamus University,

Merauke, Indonesia. email: [email protected]

Analysis of Changing of Run Capacitor Motor to

Start-Run Capacitor Motor

Jayadi*, Damis Hardiantono

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Musamus University, Merauke, Indonesia



ABSTRACT

Common problem that occurs in capacitor run motors is the amount of starting current at start-up, especially

when the motor is loaded. This research aimed to: Determine the starting and nominal currents then starting

torque value of the run capacitor motor and start-run capacitor motor. Impact of changing of run capacitor motor

to start-run capacitor motor will be done by testing variations in the addition of external capacitors parallelized

with internal capacitors from the run capacitor motor. The results revealed that: 1) Starting currents of run

capacitor motor was 2,3 Ampere increased by 5% to 2,44 Ampere after being converted into start-run capacitor

motor; 2) Starting torque value of capacitor motor was 0,0042 N-m increased by 65% to 0,012 N-m after being

converted into start-run capacitor motor; 3) Large current with a small torque problems in the capacitor run

motor can be solved by converting the motor into a start run capacitor motor..

KEYWORDS: motors, capacitor, torque, start-run capacitor motor, run capacitor motor, currents

1. INTRODUCTION

Electric motors are generally used as water pumps or mechanical drives. It is called an electric motor because it

uses electrical energy as its driving energy source [1]. Single-phase induction motors are classified in

accordance with their starting methods and are usually referred to by names descriptive of these methods.

Selection of the appropriate motor is based on the starting- and running-torque requirements of the load, the

duty cycle of the load, and the limitations on starting and running current from the supply line for the motor. In

induction machines, alternating currents are applied directly to the stator windings. Rotor currents are then

produced by induction, i.e., transformer action [2].

One phase induction motor cannot start itself for initial start, for that one phase induction motor is

equipped with an auxiliary coil which is connected in series with a capacitor whose capacitor size is suitable for

starting one phase induction motor [3]. While one-phase capacitor induction start-run motor is a type of one-

phase induction motor that has two capacitors, run capacitors which are permanently connected in series with auxiliary windings and the auxiliary winding is parallel with the main winding and start capacitors parallelized

with the run capacitors equipped with the centrifugal switch is used to disconnect the circuit from the start

capacitor when the rotation approaches the nominal rotation [4].

2. METHODS

This research through to several stages, namely [5]:

(a) Design and measuring parameters of motors;

Measuring of the induction motor is done by made design of a test circuit for the run capacitor motor

circuit and the start-run capacitor motor circuit as shown in figure 1.

(b) Equivalent diagram of one phase induction motor; In mathematically analyzing a single phase induction motor, an equivalent circuit is needed. The

equivalent circuit needed consists of an equivalent circuit of commonly induction motors, an equivalent

circuit motor of run capacitor and an equivalent circuit of motor start-run capacitor as shown in figure 2.

(c) Collecting data with experimental test;

Motor data are obtained from the measurement results using the test circuit as shown in figure 1, and

variations of the test are carried out with reference to the equivalent circuit of each induction motor.

11

Citation: Jayadi, Damis Hardiantono, 2019, Analysis of changing of run capacitor motor to start-run capacitor motor; Journal of Basic and

Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)11-15.

MKU

KB

V

A± 2A 10A

±

240V

120V

W

CR

MKU

KB

V

A± 2A 10A

±

240V

120V

W

CR CS

2

7 4 3

1

T

Figure 1. Testing circuits; (a) run capacitor motor, (b) start-run capcitor motor

X1j57,55

R162,5

X2

j57,55/2

Xmag106,64/2

R2

55,84/2

R1m

X1m Rf Rf

Rb Rb

XbXb

Xf Xf

X1a

R1aXc

IaIm

Vm= V Va= V

Main Winding Auxilary Winding

R1m

X1m Rf Rf

Rb Rb

XbXb

Xf Xf

X1a

R1aXcr

IaIm

Vm= V Va= V

Xcs

Figure 2. Equivalent circuits; (a) generally induction motor, (b) run capcitor motor and (c) start

capacitor motor

Related equation based on Figure 2(b), obtained [7]:

Forward impedance :

(1)

Backward impedance :

(2)

Current of induction motors :

(3)

Torque :

(b) (a)

(b) (a)

(c)

12


Ts = (4)

Capacity of the capacitor that needs to be added to become a start-run capacitor motor as shown Figure 5,

obtanied [8] : Reaktance of capacitor :

(5)

Capacitance :

(6)

Additional capasitance :

Cs = [C – Cr]

(7)

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data from the initial measurement of induction motor can be seen in the following table:

Table 1. Data of run capacitor motor Nominal Current (Ampere) Output

Power

(Watt)

Input

Power

(Watt)

Voltage

(Volt)

Frequency

(Hz)

Run

Capasitor

(µF)

1,3 125 300 220 50 8

Table 2. Data of run capacitor motor in full load operation Nominal Current (Ampere) Starting

Current

(Ampere)

Voltage (Volt) Load (Watt)

1,3 2,308 220 280

Table 3. Parameters of run capacitor motor Resistance of Main Winding (Ohm) Reactances of

Winding (Ohm)

Resistance of

Auxilary Winding

(Ohm)

Magnetic

Reactance

(Ohm)

62,5 57,55 55,84 106,64

Refered to anlysis of run capasitor motor, obtained :

starting currents :

Result of motors torque :

Same as above for anlysis of start- run capasitor motor, obtained :

Starting currents :

Result of motors torque :

The measurement and calculation results can be verified by calculate the percentage difference, namely [9] :

13

Citation: Jayadi, Damis Hardiantono, 2019, Analysis of changing of run capacitor motor to start-run capacitor motor; Journal of Basic and


starting current of run capasitor motor :

starting current of start-run capasitor motor :

Based on the measurement results of the starting current, it can be seen that the impact of changing run capasitor

motor to start-run capasitor motor can be increase starting current from 2.3 A to 2.44 A or an increase by :

= 5%

As in case motor torque, increased by :

= 65%

Testing of the changing run motor capacitor motor into start-run capacitor motor can be seen in figure 3.

Figure 3. Layout measurement; (a) run capacitor motor, (b) start-run capcitor motor

4. CONCLUSION

Based on the research and the results impact of changing of run capacitor motor to start-run capacitor motor are

obtained:

(a) Low torque problems in the capacitor run motor can be solved by converting the motor into a start-run

capacitor motor.

(b) Increasing level of starting current of start-run capacitor up to 5% and motor torque up to 65%.

REFERENCES

[1] J. Jayadi and D. Hardiantono, “Desain Modul Pengukuran Potensi Pompa Listrik Tenaga Angin (Studi

Kasus PLT-ANGIN Kapasitas 100 Watt),” Mustek Anim Ha, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 239–247, 2014.

[2] A. E. Fitzgerald, C. Kingsley, and S. D. Umans, Electrical Machinery, 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill

Companies Inc., 2003.

[3] Atmam, Zulfahri, and U. Situmeang, “Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Besaran Kapasitor Terhadap Arus

Start Motor Induksi Satu Phasa,” SainETIn (Sain, Energi, Teknol. Ind., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31–41, 2016.

[4] A. N. Manik and R. Dinzi, “Analisis Perbandingan Unjuk Kerja Motor Induksi Satu Fasa Split-Phase Dan

Motor Induksi Satu Fasa Kapasitor Start-Run Dengan Menggunakan Matlab Simulink,” Singuda Ensikom,

vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 47–52, 2013.

(b) (a)

14


[5] D. Hardiantono, “Perencanaan Penempatan FACTS Optimal Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika,” Mustek

Anim Ha, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 111–117, 2012.

[6] P. C. Sen, Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, 3rd ed. Ontario: John Wiley & Sons,

Inc., 2013.

[7] S. Chapman J., Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2005.

[8] Z. Anthony, “Perancangan Kapasitor Jalan untuk Mengoperasikan Motor Induksi 3-Fasa pada Sistem

Tenaga 1-Fasa,” J. Tek. Elektro, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 46–51, Oct. 2008.

[9] L. R. Scott, Numerical Analysis, 1st ed. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2011.

15



ISSN 2090-4304



Corresponding Author: Nur Jalal, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia. email: [email protected]

Supervision of Residence Permit of Foreigner,

A Study of Merauke Class II Immigration Office

Nur Jalal* and Syahruddin,

Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Musamus,

Merauke, Indonesia.



ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to examine how supervision for foreign citizens (foreigners) who visit Merauke Regency, study at the Merauke Class II immigration office. In order to increase local revenue, one of them is through

the tourism sector by introducing the potential of attractive tourist destinations, open employment opportunities and promising business, so that many people visit these regions, both domestic and foreign tourists. With many foreigners

visiting Merauke, is it just touring, looking for work or doing business. With this condition, it becomes a problem for

the local government, especially the Merauke Class II immigration office, to supervise residence permits for foreigners

traveling to Merauke. This research uses a qualitative method to describe the conditions of supervision of foreigner. The research indicates that the supervision of residence permit of foreigner has been going well. However, this

research recommends that supervision of foreigners be more intensive and routinely sustained through supervision

through synergy with the Regional Government Work Unit (SKPD) together with the community in efforts to prevent abuse of residence permits for foreigners entering and leaving the Merauke regency so that they do not cause social,

politics and security problems for the people in Merauke Regency, and vice versa the existence of foreigners can

contribute to local revenue.

KEYWORDS: Supervision, residence permit, foreigner

INTRODUCTION

Indonesia as a country flanked by 2 oceans and 2 continents, Indonesia has become a very strategic area. This

makes the occurrence of international traffic, both on land and at sea. Thus, Indonesia has great potential as a country

with a large economic level because in general Indonesia is a developing country and as an industrial country which

then other countries make this country as its industrial point. For that reason the Indonesian government established an immigration office under the auspices of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, to take care of the administration

of foreigners entering Indonesia.

In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2011 [1] concerning Immigration, in article 8, it states that everyone who enters or exits Indonesian Territory must have a valid and still valid Travel Document. (2) Every

Foreigner entering the Territory of Indonesia is required to have a valid and still valid Visa, unless otherwise specified

under this Law and international agreements. Article 9 (1) Every person entering or leaving the Territory of Indonesia is obliged to undergo inspection by an Immigration Officer at the Immigration Check-Point. (2) Inspection as referred to in paragraph (1) includes inspection of legal travel documents and / or valid personal identity. (3) In the event of

doubt as to the validity of a person’s Travel Documents and / or personal identity, the Immigration Officer is authorized

to conduct a search of his body and luggage and can proceed with the Immigration investigation process. The interest of other nations to flock and invade Indonesia, is none other than the magnets that are owned by

Indonesia in the form of abundant natural resources, beautiful panorama like a deadly quality that is not found

anywhere else in the world. Are these people merely stopping by and enjoying the natural atmosphere of Indonesia,

hitching a life by earning livelihood or opening up business land and investing in Indonesia, with all kinds of conveniences and in terms of security that is relatively safe and controlled. With the promotion of entrepreneurship

and the rapid development of small medium enterprises (SMEs) with a variety of handicraft products produced by the

community, it will contribute to an increase in people’s income specifically and generally improve the Indonesian economy.

Another advantage that can be achieved by Indonesia is that foreign exchange income, by bringing money and

spending in Indonesia, will impact on the region’s original income. However, the inclusion of foreign citizens does

16

Citation: Nur Jalal and Syahruddin, 2019, Supervision of Residence Permit of Foreigner, A Study of Merauke Class II Immigration Office; Journal

of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)16-20.

not mean that it does not cause negative impacts, instead new problems arise, which foreigners misuse, such as

document abusing, exceeding residence permits, deliberately not extending residence visas, and other legal violations of cyber crime and fraud etc.

To make foreigners’ supervision effective, the Director General of Immigration also made a Foreigner

Reporting Application (APOA), it was said to be nothing but to supervise foreigners who reside or stay at an inn. APOA makes it easy for owners or caretakers of inn to report online the foreigners who are staying overnight, and the Director General of Immigration also utilizes QR Code (Quick Response Code) technology in order to increase

foreigner surveillance.

“Procedurally, other citizens who come to Indonesia must go through the immigration inspection process at the

immigration checkpoint, where their passport will be given a sticker containing a barcode containing the foreigner's immigration data,” he explained. Through the special application of the QR Code (Quick Response Code) reader, the

Immigration officer can display the necessary data on the screen of the officer’s Smartphone and send the position of

the scan location, so that the location data can be used to calculate the presence of foreigners and monitor their movements.

“This is also related to the enforcement of Law Number 6 Year 2011 [1] concerning Immigration Article 72 (2), which

requires the owner or manager to be obliged to provide data on foreigners staying at their inn,” he said.

In addition, one of the tasks and functions of the Director General of migration is to supervise the traffic, presence and activities of foreigners in Indonesia, both at the central and regional levels. Immigration supervision

activities must always be encouraged and enhanced given the increasing number of foreigners enters and carries out

activities in the territory of Indonesia. “With various kinds of arrival destinations such as tours, social cultural visits, government, social and even to work. And from various problems that arise related to the presence and activities of

foreigners,” he explained. This was because, according to him, it would have a negative impact on various aspects

such as social, security and order, religious aspects, to labor issues.

The conditions that occur there are some people from abroad who entered Indonesia, causing various problems, including: (1) 37 Chinese citizens entered on 16 January 2017 to 20 January 2017, (2) 5 Senegalese citizens entered

on April 17 2017 to 4 May 2017, (3) 2 Papuan New Guinea citizens enter March 13 2017 to June 192017, (4) 2

Russian citizens enter November 14 2017 to December 6 2017 and (5) 6 citizens Bangladesh entered June 19 2017

until November 19 2017, the number of detention space occupants in 2017 was 52 foreigners. In 2018 from May to June, there were 51 foreigners - each Papuan New Guinea citizen as many as 39 citizens and China as many as 12

citizens. Sources of information were obtained from the Class II Immigration Office of Merauke on August 31 2018.

Activities of foreigners who abuse residence permits, Merauke migration office has carried out administrative measures in the form of deportation of residence permits beyond the time limit by violating the immigration law

provisions of article 8 paragraph (1) everyone who enters or exits Indonesian territory must have a valid and still valid

travel document, Article 9 paragraph (1) every person entering or leaving Indonesian territory is obliged to go through

an inspection conducted by an immigration officer at the Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) and also article 78 paragraph (1) a foreigner holding a residence permit that has expired and is still within the territory of Indonesia less than 60

days from the time the residence permit is imposed with the burden of fees in accordance with statutory provisions,

and article 75 paragraph (1) states that: immigration officials are authorized to carry out administrative immigration actions against foreigners residing in Indonesia that carry out dangerous activities and should be suspected of

endangering public security and order or not respecting or disobeying laws and regulations. There are many factors that influence the phenomena above, including supervision from the Merauke Class II

immigration office toward foreigners’ residence permits, as well as several other procedures to support the supervision such as the latest innovation through applications that have been applied, namely the Foreigner Reporting Application

(APOA). Passport queue application by online to find out the whereabouts of Foreign Citizens staying at hotels, inn,

corporate lodging, boarding houses and others as well as the officers of tim pora (foreigner supervision team), as field

officers who oversee the arrival of foreigners and their activities until they leave this place. Supervision is very important to maintain and supervise the existence of foreign citizens who enter with all

forms of activities while they are in the Indonesian territory until they leave the territory of Indonesia. The supervision

site is called the Immigration Check Point (TPI) which is located at an international airport, international seaport, and national border.

RESEARCH METHODS

The research method is a step that is owned and carried out by researchers in order to collect information or data and

conduct investigations on the data that has been obtained. The research method provides an description of the research

design which includes among others: procedures and steps to be taken, research time, data sources, and with what

17


steps the data is obtained and subsequently processed and analyzed. This research uses qualitative research types; in

this type of research, data collection is not guided by theory, but guided by facts found at the time of research in the field. Therefore, data analysis is carried out inductively based on the facts found and then can be constructed into

hypotheses or theories. “The main strength of this technique is in hypothesis generation and not testing” David Kline,

1985 [2]. Qualitative methods are used to obtain in-depth data [3], a data that contains meaning. Meaning is the actual data, definite data which is a value behind visible data. Therefore, in qualitative research it does not emphasize on

generalization, but rather emphasizes on meaning. Generalization in qualitative research is called transferability,

meaning that the results of the research can be used elsewhere, when the place has characteristics that are not much different.

Informants in the research were divided into two, namely main informants and supporting informants, the total

number of informants were 8 people, each 4 (four) main informants and 4 (four) supporting informants. There are 2

(two) types of data and data sources namely, primary data obtained through informants and exploring information and supporting data obtained from the PROTAP IMIGRATION document of Law Number 6 of 2011, Government

Regulation No.31 of 2013 [4] concerning Immigration, literature, scientific journal notes and relevant previous

research results .. and scientific papers and journals relevant to this research. The research instrument or research tool is the researcher himself, but further after the focus of the researcher becomes clear, it is likely that a simple instrument

will be developed, which is expected to complement the data and compare with the data that has been found through observation and interviews. Data collection techniques are conducted through observation (safety) interviews and

documentation. Data analysis technique is the process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes, and documentation, by organizing data into categories, describing units, synthesizing,

composing into patterns, choosing which are important and will be studied, and make conclusions so that they are

easily understood by themselves and others.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

In an effort to streamline Merauke immigration duties and functions, the Merauke Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) office, re-participated in the series of activities of the second session of the Crossborder Sota Festival 2019 held

on 28-30 June 2019. The role of the Immigration officer in the series of activities was the same with the previous session which included data collection, granting entry and exit permits, as well as supervision to the PNG Citizen

crossing into the Sota area to participate in the activity. For the sake of the smooth running of tasks, functions, and supervision and security of Immigration during the activity, a composition of immigration officer will be formed who

will be tasked in carrying out these activities and coordinated by the Head of the Traffic Section and Immigration

Residence Permit. It is given that many foreigners who committed misuse and violations of administrative and legal foreign residence permits were 39 Papuan New Guinea (PNG) citizens.

Immigration officers are placed in several locations where the activities take place during the activity, among

others, at the border point where as the entrance location for PNG Citizens entering the Sota area, the Sota Immigration

Post Office for managing the Cross-Border Pass of the border crossers of PNG Residents, Location of Festival Crossborder at Pattimura Square, and the Sota T-junction which is an outgoing access from the Sota area to prevent

passers from PNG residents out of the Sota district.

The Sota Crossborder Festival 2019 has been officially held at Sota Merauke (Friday, 6/14/2019) precisely in Pattimura Square, Sota District, Merauke Regency. The Crossborder Festival had been held several times in the Indonesian border region by the Ministry of Tourism. Sota District itself is one of the Districts which is on the forefront

of eastern Indonesia bordered by a neighboring country namely Papua New Guinea. The Sota Crossborder Festival

2019 is organized into two organizing sessions. The first session was held on 14 - 16 June 2019 and the second session was held on 28 - 30 June 2019. The role of Immigration in these activities included data collection, granting entry and

exit permits, and supervision of PNG Citizens who crossed into the Sota area to participate in the activities.

The Sota Crossborder Festival 2019, opened by Mr. Murdo Danang Laksono as Head of the Immigration

Office Class II TPI Merauke, followed by a welcoming from Immigration Division representatives Mr. Ratman as Chief of Immigration Information, followed by a welcoming from representatives of the Yankum Division Mr. Habel

Way as Head of Legal Services. The last is archival material given by Mr. Didit as a representative of the General

Bureau of the Secretariat General of the Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights. The working area of the Merauke Class II Immigration Office covers four (4) Regencies and six (6) cross-

border posts, namely: Asmat, Boven Digoel, Mappi and Merauke Regencies. The six cross-borders posts are Sota,

Kondo, Erambu, Bupul, Mindiptana and Waropko. The essence of Supervision is a form of mindset and pattern of

action to provide understanding and awareness to someone or several people who are given the task to be carried out

18

Citation: Nur Jalal and Syahruddin, 2019, Supervision of Residence Permit of Foreigner, A Study of Merauke Class II Immigration Office; Journal

of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)16-20.

using a variety of available resources properly and correctly, so there are no mistakes and irregularities that can

actually create losses by the institution or organization concerned. Public understanding of the supervision of foreigner which is not maximal to provide information on activities

carried out by foreigners in their environment. In other words, the community lacks of participation and responsibility,

and should assist the government in monitoring and reporting when there is anything suspicious about foreigners. Mr. Asran Siregar as Head of the Immigration Supervision and Enforcement Section revealed that supervision to foreigners is an obligation of the whole community.

The active role of all components and elements of society to report to relevant institutions in the context of

monitoring and overseeing the presence of foreigners in their area. If there are indications of violations of the

Immigration Act, and are involved in alleged criminal acts or certain crimes, immigration and Pro-Yustisia actions are carried out, such as reporting to immigration officers, or government apparatus in the relevant area, or reporting

to TNI personnel (Indonesian National Army) and members of the local Indonesian National Police (POLRI).

Immigration measures in its duties at the Merauke Class II Immigration Office regarding violations of permits such as deportation of residency permits which are more administrative in nature through immigration

enforcement action control procedures are regulated in the Immigration Act Number 6 of 2011 into two, namely:

a. Administrative Supervision

In principle, administrative supervision is to comply with regulations based on work mechanisms to achieve

the goals of an organization that has been determined. And if administrative supervision is negligent or does not

work well or optimally then the mechanism of work will be chaotic and does not achieve the goals of an organization.

Administrative supervision, namely supervision carried out through examination of letters or documents, in

the form of recording, data collection, data processing, and the presentation and dissemination of information

manually and electronically, concerning the traffic of the existence and activities of foreigners, and evidence related to the markings immigration identification.

Based on the results of interviews that supervision of immigration officials, tim pora officers, border

management officers and hotel officials, from the administrative side has been carried out in the form of supervision but community support has not been maximized. This form of administrative supervision is given to

foreigners who use the information on permanent residence permits and temporary residence permit information.

Administrative supervision has been carried out when foreigners submit the applications to the Merauke Regency

Immigration Office.

b. Field Supervision

Field supervision or Direct supervision is supervision carried out by visiting and conducting an on-the-spot inspection of the object being monitored. The results of the interview above can be understood that field

supervision is often carried out by immigration officers, tim pora officers and border management officers, with

foreigners, that field supervision has been carried out routinely.

In other words, the supervision of foreigners in Merauke Regency has been routinely carried out by the Merauke Class II immigration office in collaboration with cross-sectors in supporting immigration duties, carry

out authority and responsibility in the supervision of foreigner on residence permits in the working area of the

Merauke class II immigration office.

CONCLUSION

Based on the research results, it can be concluded that in the Supervision Role of the Merauke Class II Immigration Office on Residence Permits of Foreigners in Merauke Regency has been said to be good. Because there

is supervision from immigration officers, TIMPORA officers, border management officers and hotel officers in

coordinating the presence and activities of foreigners at the Immigration Checkpoint (TPI) consists of monitoring

procedures: (1) administrative supervision through checking the documents in the form of residence permits of foreigners who support the collection, checking and inspection. (2) Field supervision, namely supervision through routine activities and field operations which are also a follow-up to administrative supervision. So the supervisory role

of Merauke class II immigration office on residence permits of foreigners can be said to be good.

19


REFERENCES

[1]. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian. (Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik

Indonesia Nomor 5216).

[2]. Sugiyono, 2009. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R &D . Bandung: Alfabeta.

[3]. Fitriani, Philipus Betaubun, Ermelinda Ag Pure, Dedy Tikson, Edoardus E Maturbongs, Ruloff Fabian

Waas. 2018. Relationship of employee ethnic background in Validation of Situational leadership Theory.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(4): 200-205.

[4]. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia nomor 31tahun 2013 Tentang Pelaksanaan Imigrasi.

20



ISSN 2090-4304



Corresponding Author: Damis Hardiantono, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Musamus University, Merauke, Indonesia. email: [email protected]

Comparison Using Express Feeder and Capasitor Bank Allocation to

Corrective Voltage Level on Primary Distribution Feeder

Damis Hardiantono*, Paulus Mangera




ABSTRACT

Power flow is the determination or calculation of voltage, current, active power and reactive power in the

distribution system under normal operating conditions. With the study of power flow can determine the

condition of the electrical system to the components of the electric power system which includes power plants,

distribution systems and installed loads namely voltage on the bus, active power, reactive power and power

losses. Power flow simulations are performed using the Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP)

software. This study took a case study in the Kelapa Lima Merauke PLTD, analyzed using the Newton -

Raphson method in completing power flow calculations. The data needed is one-line diagram, nominal voltage,

generator rating, bus, transformer and transmission / distribution. The calculation results obtained are normal loading power losses of 0.014 MW, voltage level for Feeder of Kota Satu was still stable because in cover range

of voltage drop ± 5%. The other side, corrective voltage level for Feeder of Merkuri from 17,65 kV to 17,75 kV

after capasitor bank in amount of 134 kVAr allocated, drop voltage decreased from 13,31% to 11,25%, but it

still unstable because out of cover range of voltage drop. For that, after using express feeder can be correct

voltage level for feeder of Merkuri from 17,65 kV to 19,39 kV or drop voltage decreased from 13,31% to

3,05%. Therefore, using express feeder on feeder of mercury better than capacitor bank allocation.

KEYWORDS : power flow; ETAP; power losses; drop voltage; feeder; capacitor bank

1. INTRODUCTION

The existing electric power system is expected to be a reliable and high-quality system related to the supply of

electrical energy. To determine the technical condition of the electrical system, it is necessary to analyze the

electrical power system components which include the generator, transmission line, and load installed. Power

flow calculation method is a method that can be used in power system analysis to determine the magnitude of

the parameter values in each system bus which includes voltage, power, current, and magnitude of the phase

angle. One method used in completing power flow calculations is the Newton – Raphson method [1]. Manually analyzing the power flow for an electric power system is very complicated, therefore

calculations should be carried out using a computer program [2]. ETAP (Electrical Transient and Analysis

Program) is one of the computer programs used to calculate power flow studies in electric power systems. The

ETAP program can be used for large power systems and requires very complex calculations. This device is able

to work offline for electric power simulations, online for real-time data management or used to control the

system in real-time. ETAP can be used to create a power system project in single line diagram models [3].

Network analysis, namely: short circuit, arc flash, load flow and motors acceleration can be calculated by

ETAP, then layout of ETAP workspace shown in Figure 1.

Generally, in the distribution system there are several feeders which then form a network configuration,

such as: radial, spindle, grid and loop shape. In a certain area besides the main feeder there is also an express

feeder. Some feeders cover area close to substation and express feeder serve areas farther from substation [4].

Commonly, primary distribution system in Indonesia has voltage levels are between 20 and 30 kV then secondary distribution system are between 220 and 380 V. It is influenced by the distance between area of the

substation and the load served, causing an increase in voltage drop at the ends of the feeder [5]. Alternative

actions used to overcome the voltage drop can be; placement of capacitor banks [6] or by adding an express

feeder to the main feeder.

2. METHODS

2.1. Retrieve Data and Layout of Primary Distribution Feeder

The data needed includes all components of the electrical equipment installed in the distribution system along

with data on all feeder installed starting from the power station to the consumer / load, such as : generator,

power transformer, distribution transformer, nominal voltage, load capacity, conductor length, etc. for more

details can be seen on figure 2.

21

Citation: Damis Hardiantono, Paulus Mangera, 2019, Comparison using express feeder and capasitor bank allocation to corrective voltage

level on primary distribution feeder; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)21-26.

2.2. Power Flow Analysis of Distribution System by using Simulation of ETAP

Simulation is a approaching process of something real along with the state of affairs [7]. Power flow simulation

is carried out on two conditions, namely: the existing condition of the distribution system and the conditions

after the addition of express feeder and capacitor banks. The main electricity indicator that is considered for

both conditions is voltage level. Besides this, it will also be known the magnitude of the active and reactive

power flow along the primary distribution system.

2.3. Using Electrical Transient And Analysis Program (ETAP)

ETAP Power Station makes it possible to work directly with single line diagram of distribution system. The advantage of using ETAP is ETAP can accurately describe the real condition in the field so that it can anticipate

changes in load characteristics at any time. In addition, with a simple graphical interface, ETAP is easy to

operate and with a short time can get the analysis results needed. Network analysis, namely: short circuit, arc

flash, load flow and motors acceleration can be calculated by ETAP, then layout of ETAP workspace shown in

Figure 1.

Figure 1. Lay Out of ETAP Workspace

3. CASE STUDY

The case study taken in this research is the Diesel Power Plant located in the Kelapa Lima Village of Merauke

Regency as part of the National Electricity Company / PT. PLN (Persero). Electric power provided by PT. PLN

(Persero) Merauke area to meet the electricity needs in the city of Merauke is served by 39 (thirty nine)

generator units through 6 (six) feeders, namely; feeder kota 1, feeder kota 2, feeder polder, feeder muli, feeder

kompi 1, feeder kompi 2 and feeder merkury.

These generators comes from generator owned by PLN / PLTD as well as a rental generator among its 5

(five) units owned by PT. Sewatama, 6 (six) units owned by PT. Daya Manunggal Diesel I (DMD I), 18

(eighteen) units owned by PT. Daya Manunggal Diesel II (DMD II), 5 (five) units owned by PT. Taneko, 2 (two) units owned by the Regional Government and 3 (three) units owned by PLN / PLTD [8]. Case study in

this research, shown in figure 3.

There are several operation voltages level, which are 0.4 kV and 6.3 kV. Where the voltage of 0.4 kV and

6.3 kV is the output voltage of the generator which is then raised through a step up transformer to a voltage of

22


20 kV as a distribution voltage which is then lowered to voltage 380/220 by distribution transformers to

transmitted or used by consumers [9].

Figure 2. Lay out data for simulation using ETAP; (a) Generator Data, (b) Transformer Data, (c) Bus Data, (d) Cable

Data and (e) Load Data

23



Figure 3. Single line diagram of PLTD Kelapa Lima Merauke

Simulation performances using ETAP of electrical distribution system at PLTD Kelapa Lima Merauke, depend on:

Generator data: the information needed to enter data in generators in the ETAP 12 program is the

transformer rating (MW/kW) or the maximum active power generation capacity that the generator can

provide, the maximum generator voltage (kV) and power factor.

Transformer data: the data needed are primary and secondary Voltage (kV), transformer power

capacity (MVA/kVA), impedance parameters, in ETAP 12 there is a large estimate of Z and the ratio of

X and R can be used.

Bus data: the bus data needed are operation voltage level (kV) of system.

Line data: the data needed are line length, impedance and reactance of the line.

Load data: the load data needed are load volatge level (kV), power rating (MVA/kVA) and power

factor.


The results of power flow analysis under normal conditions beyond the peak load time at 22.00 WIT - 18.00

WIT are when the load is 0.97 MW and all existing plants operate. The results of the voltage level from the

analysis of the PLTD Kelapa Lima using ETAP when the system is normal are found in table 1. Results of each

bus on the power flow analysis in the distribution system in feeders kota 1 obtained are stable because they are

still in the range of ± 5%. And the operating limits of the voltage level generation at 0.4 kV are 0.002 kV. Then

the reduction in the allowed voltage is 5% with a value of 0.38 kV and a voltage increase of 5% with a value of

0.402 kV. Active power and reactive power generated are 0.921 MW and 0.725 MVAr, respectively. The results

of the calculation of the total active load and reactive load are 0.907 MW and 0.680 MVAr and the total line power loss of 0.014 MW and 0.045 MVAr was obtained.

The voltage level based on power flow analysis simulation of feeder merkury before using ekspress feeder

or cabacitor bank are 17,65 kV. It means drop voltage was 13,31% out of cover range ± 5% or it can be

categorized as a condition that the mercury feeder is unstable. After capacitor bank allocated of 134 kVAr

allocated, drop voltage decreased from 13,31% (17,65 kV) to 11,25% 17,75 kV), but it still unstable because out

of cover range of voltage drop. At last, using ekpress feeder at feeder merkury obtained voltage level was 19,39

kV or drop voltage decreased from 13,31% to 3,05% and that case feeder merkury in stable condition.

Comparison voltage level corrective using ekspress feeder and capacitor bank, shown on figure 4.

24


Figure 4. Single line diagram of PLTD Kelapa Lima Merauke

Table 1. Voltage level in normal operation at feeder kota 1 No. Bus

Number

Voltage Level System Condition

Nominal Operation

1 Bus 37 0.4 0.39 Stable

2 Bus 39 0.4 0.39 Stable

3 Bus 42 0.4 0.39 Stable

4 Bus 44 0.4 0.39 Stable

5 Bus 47 0.4 0.38 Stable

6 Bus 49 0.4 0.39 Stable

7 Bus 52 0.4 0.39 Stable

8 Bus 56 0.4 0.39 Stable

9 Bus 58 0.4 0.39 Stable

10 Bus 61 0.4 0.39 Stable

11 Bus 64 0.4 0.39 Stable

12 Bus 66 0.4 0.39 Stable

13 Bus 70 0.4 0.39 Stable

14 Bus 72 0.4 0.39 Stable

15 Bus 74 0.4 0.39 Stable

5. CONCLUSION

Based on the research and the results of the simulation using ETAP 12.0, the following conclusions are

obtained:

(a) Total power losses of distribution system at PLTD Kelapa Lima Merauke were 0.014 MW.

(b) The operating voltage level on feeder kota I under normal conditions is still in a stable condition and

does not endanger the overall distribution system operation.

(c) Voltage level can be corrected more effective by using ekspress feeder than capasitor bank allocated.

REFERENCES

[1] H. Saadat, Power System Analysis. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1999.

[2] D. Hardiantono, “Perencanaan Penempatan FACTS Optimal Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika,” Mustek

Anim Ha, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 111–117, 2012.

[3] Operation Technology - ETAP, “Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) - Demo Setup,” 2015.

[Online]. Available:

https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:DCcZ8YZ__ZwJ:https://etap.com/docs/default-

source/qa-documentation/etap-getting-started.pdf+&cd=12&hl=id&ct=clnk&gl=id. [Accessed: 15-Jul-

2019].

[4] T. Short, Electric Power Distribution-Handbook. New York: CRC Press LLC, 2004.

25



[5] K. V. P. Rao and V. C. V Reddy, “A Review on Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration Methods,”

International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovation in Technology, vol. 3, pp. 192–195,

2017.

[6] S. A. Kumar, M. S. S. Narayana, B. A. Naidu, and G. V. S. Reddy, “Optimal Power Flow for IEEE - 9 Bus

System Using ETAP,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 368–370, 2019.

[7] D. Parenden, “Simulation of Photovoltaic Concentration with Fresnel Lens Using Simulink Matlab,” vol.

21, no. 2, pp. 223–227, 2019.

[8] B. Wardoyo, D. Hardiantono, and P. Mangera, “Studi Rele Gangguan Tanah Pada Jaringan Distribusi

Primer di PT PLN ( Persero ) Wilayah Papua Cabang Merauke,” Musamus J. Electro Mach. Eng., vol. 1,

no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2018.

[9] S. H. Win and P. L. Swe, “Loss Minimization of Power Distribution Network using Different Types of

Distributed Generation Unit,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 918–928, 2015.

26



ISSN 2090-4304



Corresponding Author: Damis Hardiantono, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Musamus University, Merauke, Indonesia, email: [email protected]

Analysis of Voltage and Armature Resistance Regulation of

Direct Current Motors

Damis Hardiantono




ABSTRACT

Direct current motors or often known as DC motors (direct current motors) were widely used as or car starters,

children's toys, tape recorders, and so on. A common problem in DC motors is that the regulatory variable is

very limited, because it generally only depends on the input voltage, which is direct current or DC voltage.

Moreover, if it is used is a DC motor with a large capacity, adding problems to the amount of initial starting

current of the motor. This research aims to calculatiin the regulation characteristics of a DC motor by changing

the amount of armature voltage and armature resistance of the DC motor. As a case study, DC motor parameter

data from US Electrical Motors are used. The analysis method used is to create modelling of DC motor control

simulation using simulink model in the Matlab (Matrix Laboratory) application. The results obtained are the starting current of the DC motor before controlling 441.5 Ampere while the nominal current is 42.4 Amperes.

After controlling with the addition of external resistance, the starting current becomes 73.59 Amperes and

controlling by regulating the armature voltage with the starting current was only 44.98 Amperes. For DC motor

rotation speed before controlling will change along with load changes, namely: 50% increase in load causes the

rotation to 1712 rpm, 75% increase in load causes the rotation to 1696 rpm while a 35% load decrease causes

DC motor rotation becomes 1777 rpm. Then after controlling: 50%, 75% increase in load and 30% decrease did

not change the rotation speed because the rotation steady at 1750.71 rpm.

KEYWORDS: DC motors; simulation; simulink; matlab; armature voltage; armature resistance

1. INTRODUCTION

Controlling characteristics in DC motors have a relatively wide adjustment area under changing

loading conditions but still produce relatively constant rotation [1]. Therefore, DC motors are widely used as

movers in industry and household appliances such as tape recorders, starter motors, toy robots and so on. DC Motor type based on its characteristics consist of: series winding, separate exciting, shunt winding and

compound winding DC motor [2].

Controlling of the DC motor was control the rotational speed until in a constant condition even though

the loading is changed. Before the control system is applied to a DC motor, initial testing is done first to get the

right variable in accordance with the characteristics of the DC motor, and not all DC motors can be directly

tested especially on large capacity motors. Therefore, we need an exact modelling, starting from mathematical

modelling until then simulating the model that has been created with the help of certain applications [3].

Simulation is one of the methods used to conduct experiments in finding the best results from system

components. This is because it is very expensive and requires a long time if the experiment is tried in real

confition. Simulink can be used to simulate the system in terms of observing and analyzing the behavior of

artificial system. Artificial systems are expected to have very similar behavior to physical systems. If used correctly, the simulation will help the system analysis and design process. By conducting a simulation, in the

short time the right decision can be determined and the cost is not too large because everything is enough to do

with computers. The simulation approach begins with building a real system model. The model must be able to

show how the various components in the system interact with each other so that it truly describes the behavior of

the system. After the model is created, the model is transformed into a computer program. The application of

simulation in a computer program is called Simulink. Simulink is one part of the Matlab application [4].

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Armature controlling modelling of DC motors circuit Armature controlling of DC motor can be modeled into electric circuit models and a mechanical circuit models,

shown in figure 1 [5]. From electrical dan mechanical circuit models of DC motors was obtained linear

differential equation for each models. Thus, it can be transformed into an algebraic equation in complex

variable, then the solution in variable s is solved for the dpendent variable, then the solution of the differential

27

Citation: Damis Hardiantono, 2019, Analysis of voltage and armature resistance regulation of direct current motors; Journal of Basic and


equation (the inverse Laplace transform of the dependent variable) may be found by use of Laplace transform

table. Thus, simulink models can be made using the Matlab application [8,9], based on figure 2.

T

J

B

ω(t)eb(t)ea(t)

Ra

ia(t)

La

Electrical Model Mechanical Model

Figure 1. Electrical dan mechanical circuit models of DC motors

1La

ʃdt Km1J ʃdt ω(t)

Ra B

Kb

ia(t

)

T(t)ea(t)

Ra.

i a(t

)

B.ω

(t)

e b(t

)

d(t)

dω(t)

d(t)

diat)

Eelctric Mechanic

1La

Km1J

ω(S)

Ra B

Kb

Ia(S) T(S)Ea(S)

Ra.

I a(S

)

B.ω

(S)

S ω(S)

Electric Mechanic

1S1S Ia(S) 1

S1

Eb(S

)

Figure 2. Transformation of differential function to laplace transorm of

DC motors in block diagram representation

2.2. Determine paramates of DC motors

Electrical equipment generally has information about the device. As with a DC motor, it also has information called a name plate and has some information about the parameters of a DC motor such as mechanical power,

nominal speed, inertia, armature voltage, armature current, resistance and inductance of the armature. The DC

motor data used in this research refers to the ideal DC motor data from the U.S. Electrical Motors [6]. The DC

motor parameters is made as shown on table 1.

Laplace Transform

28


Table 1. Result of DC motors parameter

No.

Data Motor Symbol Value Unit

1 Mechanic capacity Pmek 25 HP

18642,4 Watt

2 Nominal speed ωnom. 1750 RPM

183,2596 rad/sec

3 Inertia J 4,2 lb.ft2

0,177 kg.m2

4 Armature Voltage Ea 500 Volt

5 Armature current Ia 42,4 Ampere

6 Armature Resistance Ra 0,504 Ohm

7 Armature Inductance La 0,015 Henry

8 Constant of motor Km 2,3983 N.m/Ampere

9 Constant of generator Kb 2,6107 Volt . sec/rad

10 Load B 0,5547 N. m. sec/rad

11 Torque T 101,6864 N.m

12 Eficience Η 87,93 Percent (%)

2.3. Transfer function equation [G(s) and H(s)]

G(s) can be determined base on DC motor voltage [Ea(s)] and DC motor rotation [ω(s)], as follow [7]:

G(s) = = (1)

where :

Ko = (2)

2ξωn = (3)

ωn2 = (4)

Whereas H(s) can be determined base on DC motor voltage [Ea(s)] and DC motor current [Ia(s)], as follow:

H(s) = = (5)

where :

a = (6)

b = (7)


3.1. Verification of Simulink Model with Analytic Solution

To verify the results to be obtained by using Matlab simulink, first the equation of rotation speed and armature current of the DC motor is calculated using data in table 1, as follow :

Ko = = 903,300942

2ξωn = = 36,7336

ωn2 = = 2463, 537260

a = = 66,6667

b = = 208,9077

calculation of rotation speed :

G(s) =

H(s) =

then :

ω(s) = G(s) . Ea(s)

29



=

=

ω(t) =

or :

ω(t) = 183,334134349565-183,334134349565 Cos (46,11t) – 73,025558054 Sin (46,11t))

calculation of armature current :

Ia(s) = H(s) . Ea(s)

=

=

Ia(t) = ]

or :

Ia(t) = 42,3999-42,3999 Cos (46,11t) – 706,0091 Sin (46,11t)) for initial condition (t = 0) :

ω(t) = 0

Ia(t) = 0

for end condition (t = ∞), if in this case it is considered to be long enough when t = 100 :

ω(t) ~ ω(t)nominal

Ia(t) ~ Ia(t)nominal

Thus, the analytical solution of rotational speed and armature current of the DC motor armature controlling

above can be used to verify the simulink model on Matlab application.

The results in the figure above, then can be made a comparison in graphical between simulink solution with

analytic solution, as shown in tabel 2.

Table 2. The result of ω(t) and Ia(t) based on simulink solution and analytic solution

t

(second

)

Simulink Solution Analytic Solution Error (%)

rotation

[ω(t)](rpm)

Armature Current

[ia(t)](Ampere)

rotation

[ω(t)](rpm)

Armature Current

[ia(t)](Ampere)

ω(t)

ia(t)

0,000000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,000000 0,000000

0,000000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 100,000000 2,393721

0,000002 0,00 0,05 0,00 0,05 13,392843 0,001510

..

.

... ... ... ... ... ...

0,020496 659,09 418,09 659,07 418,09 0,002697 0,000833

0,024301 861,29 437,38 861,27 437,38 0,002714 0,000541

0,028481 1086,81 440,64 1086,78 440,63 0,002652 0,000148

0,032686 1307,84 427,47 1307,81 427,47 0,002528 0,000335

0,036928 1516,80 400,42 1516,77 400,42 0,002354 0,000930

0,041240 1708,10 361,93 1708,06 361,93 0,002135 0,001673

0,045658 1876,86 314,39 1876,82 314,39 0,001873 0,002626

0,050224 2018,84 260,13 2018,81 260,14 0,001568 0,003903

0,054999 2130,34 201,44 2130,32 201,45 0,001218 0,005740

0,060074 2207,89 140,54 2207,87 140,55 0,000817 0,008750

0,065624 2247,62 79,42 2247,61 79,43 0,000354 0,015270

0,071195 2246,04 26,87 2246,04 26,88 0,000121 0,040827

0,076758 2210,79 -14,84 2210,81 -14,83 0,000591 0,060396

30


0,082394 2149,62 -45,23 2149,64 -45,22 0,001042 0,013763

0,088128 2070,43 -64,01 2070,46 -64,00 0,001451 0,004667

0,093619 1986,83 -71,39 1986,87 -71,39 0,001770 0,000399

0,099018 1904,12 -69,91 1904,16 -69,91 0,001993 0,004907

0,104422 1826,27 -61,41 1826,30 -61,42 0,002105 0,010263

..

.

... ... ... ... ... ...

0,578316 1750,69 42,42 1750,69 42,42 0,000328 0,006938

0,610192 1750,73 42,40 1750,73 42,40 0,000356 0,007447

0,640937 1750,72 42,40 1750,72 42,39 0,000329 0,007761

0,682373 1750,70 42,40 1750,71 42,40 0,000278 0,007351

0,722277 1750,71 42,40 1750,71 42,40 0,000317 0,006800

0,775835 1750,71 42,40 1750,71 42,40 0,000366 0,007703

0,827309 1750,71 42,40 1750,71 42,40 0,000298 0,007324

..

.

... ... ... ... ... ...

2,987309 1750,71 42,40 1750,71 42,40 0,000321 0,007314

3,000000 1750,71 42,40 1750,71 42,40 0,000321 0,007314

The results on the table above, then can be made a comparison in graphical between simulink solution with

analytic solution, as shown in Figure 3 and 4.

Figure 3. Comparison of DC Motor rotation; (a) simulink solution, (b) analytic solution

Figure 4. Comparison of DC Motor armature current; (a) simulink solution, (b) analytic solution

(b) (a)

(b) (a)

31



3.2. Controlling of DC Motor

Control DC motor is needed because changes in the rotation speed of a DC motor depend on the rise or decrease

motor load. The loading changes usually called with disturbance. Applicatively, it is certainly expected that with

interference of distrubance that occurs rotation speed possibility may still rotate at nominal speed.

When the motor is started, there is a current surge of 441,5 Ampere and so on when the motor is stopped there is a surge of -395,8 Ampere. The nominal current of the DC motor itself is only 42,4 Ampere, the current

is about 10 times greater at the start-stop. Surely thing It must be avoided because it can damage the motor.

Meanwhile the maximum motor rotational speed occurs at start amounted to 2251 rpm. Technically, increasing

in rotation can still be held by motor because it is still below top speed a motor of 2300 rpm, but practically this

should be avoided because it can cause damage of the shaft when the DC motor start start as shown o figure 5.

Therefore a control system is needed to reduce the amount of starting current when the dc motor is started as

shown in figure 6 and still maintain the motor rotation despite the changing load on the motor.

Rising the loads turns the motor rotation slower, opposite if the load decrease the rotation will

faster. That indication can be seen in figure 7(a); increasing load by 50%, the rotation decreases 37

rpm from its nominal to 1712 rpm, for 35% load reduction then the motor rotation increases by 27 rpm becomes 1777 rpm and for 75% increase in load then the rotation of the motor decreases 55

rpm become 1696 rpm. Then after controlling: 50%, 75% increase in load and 30% decrease did

not change the rotation speed because the rotation steady at 1750,71 rpm as shown in figure 7(b).

Figure 5. The simulation result of uncontrolling DC motor without loading

(a)

32


Figure 6. The simulation result of controlling DC motor without loading; (a) Armature Resistance

Variation and (b) Armature Voltage Variation

Figure 7. The simulation result of DC motor with loading; (a) Uncontrolling state and (b)

Controlling State

(b)

(a)

(b)

33



4. CONCLUSION

Based on the research and the results of this research was obtained: (a) Without controlling at starting condition made the starting current of DC motor reach 441,5 Ampere

and when the motor is stopped there is a current surge of -395,8 Ampere while the nominal current

only 42,4 Ampere. The current is about 10 times greater at the start-stop. Surely, it must be avoided

because it can damage the motor. As well as, increasing load by 50%, the rotation slower to 1712 rpm,

for 35% load reduction made the motor rotation increases becomes 1777 rpm and for 75% increase in

load made the rotation become 1696 rpm.

(b) After controlling: 50%, 75% increase in load and 30% decrease did not change the rotation speed

because the rotation steady at 1750,71 rpm as shown in figure.

Ackowledgement Special thanks for the facilities provided by Dean of faculty of engineering and Rector of Musamus University,

Merauke-Indonesia.

REFERENCES

[1]. V. Shrivastva and R. Singh, “Performance analysis of speed control of direct current (dc) motor using

traditional tuning controller,” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 119–125, 2014.

[2]. P. C. Sen, Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, 3rd ed. Ontario: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

[3]. Z. Bitar, S. Al Jabi, and I. Khamis, “Modeling and simulation of series DC motors in electric car,”

Energy Procedia, vol. 50, pp. 460–470, 2014.

[4]. S. T. Karris, Signals a and Systems with MATLAB Computing and Simulink Modeling, 4th ed.

Orchard, USA: Orchard Publications, 2008.

[5]. C. T. Kilian, Modern Control Technology: Components and Systems, 2nd ed. Michigan: Delmar

Thomson Learning, 2001.

[6]. J. W. Emerson, “DC Motors Performance Data Index 1-600 HP,” Missouri, USA, 2000. [7]. K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 3rd ed. New Jersey: Tom Robbins, 1997.

[8]. S. T. Karris, Introduction to Simulink with Engineering Applications, 2nd ed. Orchard, USA: Orchad

Publications, 2008.

[9]. Nasra Pratama, Fransiskus Xaverius Manggau, Philipus Betaubun. Attitude Quadrotor Control System

with Optimization of PID Parameters Based On Fast Genetic Algorithm. International Journal of

Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(1): 335-343, 2019.

34



ISSN 2090-4304



Corresponding Author: Anton Topan, University of Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]

Spatial Pattern of Utilization of Pedestrian Path by

Street Vendor Activities

Daud Andang Pasalli, Anton Topan*, Muchlis Alahudin

University of Musamus, Merauke, Indonesia. Received: May 30, 2019


ABSTRACT

The sidewalks or the walkways in a city are classified as important parts, both as the completeness of a city and also

as a place where people go from one place to another. The feeling of comfort while walking constitutes the main factor that should be highly considered as a form of service given to the pedestrians. This study was conducted to figure out

the influence of street vendor presence on the quality of pedestrian walkways and to identify the distribution pattern

and time of informal sector activities along and on the pedestrian paths. The study results show that at some points,

the presence of informal sector activities on the pedestrian paths have been quite disturbing the formal activities of pedestrians. However, the presence of informal sector activities in that areas have also been occurred due to some triggering factors, such as public responses towards their existence as well as the occurrence of trading activities

between the vendors and passing pedestrians. KEYWORDS: walkways, pedestrian, informal sector

INTRODUCTION

With the condition of many highways in numerous big cities in Indonesia thus traffic jams are just common

things to see. But lately, there is something that can be said as the implication of those traffic jams, becoming exactly

like a small market for small to big street vendors that build and open their semi-permanent stalls on the sideways, as well as the transformation of walkways into parking lots due to the reason of limited parking spaces.

For the perpetrators themselves, their actions are probably considered as one of ways to deal with the

bottlenecks that already been so chaotic. And those are what-so-called the Transformation of Sidewalk Function, in

which the sidewalks that are basically provided for pedestrians now are seen like a shortcut for motorbikes, particularly in order to face the traffic jams.

The culture of respecting each other human rights is tested here. Perhaps, it sounds insignificant, however

behind it, there are many rights that have been violated by the people, yet keep on excusing that it is common (infringe the rights) of some parts of community or get used to hitherto claim the right of pedestrians in enjoying public facilities

in form of sidewalk.

It is somewhat interesting to trace this phenomenon in more depth as it can be found or happened on the

small roads to the major streets in the downtown. Therefore, I would like to investigate deeper this matter. This phenomenon encompasses three elements of Pedestrian (a group that supposed to enjoy this public facility of

sidewalk), Motorists and also the Government as the Regulator, the maker of the sidewalks who has significant role

in this sidewalk function. One of public facilities that serves as a connector from one place to another or user’s destination. The facility

of sidewalk or pedestrian walkway is increasingly needed to anticipate human mobility in doing their activities on the

roads. And the sidewalks that supposed to be the pedestrian paths are also able to accommodate its surrounding community activities, so in addition to serving the main function as pedestrian traffic accommodation, it also has another role as a place to facilitate activities in the city itself, namely an open space to make social contacts, for

recreation, and even to do commerce [1,2].

As time passes problems unfortunately arise. As can be seen in one location in Merauke Regency, especially

on JL. Prako. The pavement that originally functioned for pedestrian now is transforming into commercial place. This study was aimed to find out the influence of street vendor existence on the quality of pedestrian paths,

to know what types of activities that become obstacles for any activity taking place on the sidewalk, and to identify

distribution pattern and time of informal sector activities on and along the pedestrian walkways. And the benefits of this study are information about the influence of informal sector existence on the pedestrian paths, thence it is expected

that it can be able to develop and give suggestion or proposal regarding the phenomena taking place on the pedestrian

35

Citation: Daud Andang Pasalli, Anton Topan, Muchlis Alahudin, 2019, Spatial Pattern of Utilization of Pedestrian Path By Street Vendor

Activities; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)35-39.

paths. Another benefit is knowing the need of pedestrian related to the comfort while passing the sidewalks, while at

the same time to figure out whether the pedestrian activities and the informal sector activities are able to run simultaneously.

RESEARCH METHOD

Locus of the Research Locus of the research is in the Merauke City, in the area along the Prakomando street, started from the traffic

light up to the Brawijaya roundabout. A phenomena can be seen along the Parakomando street where informal sector

activities are taking place in the area for pedestrians. These informal sector activities found along the pedestrian path of Jln. Parakomando to the Monument of Brawijaya Roundabout are enough to represent the phenomena similar with

other regions. The subject in this study was the street vendors, other informal sector activities, and the pedestrians.

The reason for choosing this area was due to the existence of informal sector activities that have changed or transformed the main function of sidewalk as pedestrian path [3].

Methods used in this study are descriptive quantitative approach using a case study. A descriptive study is

aimed to make descriptions, pictures or portrayals in systematic, factual and accurate ways regarding the facts, traits,

and also relations between phenomenon studied. Population of this study was taken from Jln. Parako, Merauke. Population used in this study were street vendors who are doing business around the location of pedestrian path. Those

street vendors were taken from various criteria since there are a lot of street vendors who occupy the sidewalk as a

place to trade, thus only some samples were taken out of some classifications, such as vendors who build and open semi-permanent stalls, tables, and also those who occupy the area of pedestrian path by using selling carts. As the

number of population in the area of study was too large, thence samples were taken only for those who could represent

the research population. The samples taken were a number of street vendors, other informal sectors, and a number of

pedestrians. The data analysis in this study was performed by piecing together all the data gathered through several procedures and data analysis techniques as follows.

a) Do the sorting and organizing of data classification

b) Do data editing to build data analysis performance

c) Do data confirmation that requires data verification and data deepening d) Conduct data analysis in accordance with the construction of discussion results in this study.

Data analysis can be carried out through several stages.

a) The first stage is started from the preliminary research up to the research proposals are composed. b) The second stage, more in-depth data analysis can be done by analyzing the results from interviews and various

information collection from the field in the research site.

c) The third stage, examining the data validity collected from interview results with a number of source person which

has been used as informants and also comparing the data with various related information.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on its history, Merauke was discovered on 12 February 1902. The first foreign people settled there

were the Dutch government officials. They tried to live between two native tribes of Marind Anim and Sohoers. They struggled to fight against the ferocity of the nature (including the head hunters). As time passed, the place underwent

a rapid growth and development, and transformed into a “city”. The origin of the name “Merauke” was actually derived from a misunderstanding had by the first pioneers or

newcomers. When they came to the place, they asked the native inhabitants about a name of a settlement village, and

the ingenuous people replied “Mero-ke” which originally means “that is Maro river”. Marind people thought that the

Maro rive (in its 500m width) was more important than the name of an area of a forest, namely Gandin. The native people of Papua themselves called the area of the village as “ Ermasoek”.

The location of this research is on Jl. Parakomando, started from the traffic light on Jl. Raya Mandala until

the Monument of Brawijaya Roundabout, which is approximately 1 km.

36


Figure 1. Research Location

Source: Google Satelite/Earth

Figure 2. Condition along the Pedestrian Path

Source: Personal Documentation 2019

37

Citation: Daud Andang Pasalli, Anton Topan, Muchlis Alahudin, 2019, Spatial Pattern of Utilization of Pedestrian Path By Street Vendor

Activities; Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 9(4)35-39.

Figure 3. Location Mapping of the Distribution of Informal Sector Activities

Source: Google Satellite/Earth

Figure 3. exhibits some points that have become the area used by the informal sector activities, at some points that have been used as various informal sector activities, such as vendors with their selling carts, vendors with their bikes, vendors who build tents, vendors who use mats, and conventional motorcycle taxi drivers who park their

vehicles carelessly [3,4]. At some points, there are areas that fully occupied by informal sector activities so that highly

disturb the activities of pedestrians.

Figure 4. Location on JL. Parakomando

Source: Personal Data

Figure 4 is an example when an informal sector activity can disrupt the activity of the pedestrians. The

informal sector activities in this area are quite diverse and dominated by Street Vendors with their selling carts. They

do their activities exactly beside the pedestrian paths, and even there are some vendors whose business means are at the center of the pedestrian path. As consequence, their existence is highly troubling since they hamper the pace of

the pedestrians. Moreover, their existence has made the pedestrian path become soiled or dirty and even damage some

materials existed along or on the pedestrian sidewalks [5].

38


There are some examples of area where the presence of informal sector activities are less disturbing the

pedestrian activities. They still have bigger space for pedestrian to pass by, however the informal sector activities in this area have undermined the visual quality, in which a pedestrian path supposed to be one of elements in a town or

city that has a good beauty value. Public transports operate in this area has been one of factors triggering the presence

of informal sector activities, since the vendor expect for buyers while waiting for their public transportation [6,7]. Sidewalks (pedestrian paths) is one of open spaces and also as a transportation facility for the pedestrians to

go from one place to another. The need for a space for pedestrians should consider the dominant activities taking place

in certain area. From the case study, it can be seen that the activities taking place along the pedestrian paths highly

depend on the function of buildings found in the area and the facilities along the pedestrian path. The existence of

informal sector activities in the area or along the pedestrian path constitutes a factor that has made the sidewalks becoming less comfortable to be passed and less beautiful to be enjoyed by pedestrians who pass it. However, the

existence of informal sector activities is actually triggered by the response from the community having activities on

or along the pedestrian paths.

CONCLUSION

The presence of supply and demand has made the informal sector activities continue to remain and even keep on coming back to the area. For some parts of the community, they need the informal sector activities like the street

vendors. That factor has made the interaction between informal sector activities and formal activities in the area or

along the pedestrian path taking place and continuing until this moment. There are some variations of informal sector along the pedestrian path, such as those who use selling carts, tents (using chairs and tables), bikes, mats, and public

transports whose drivers park their vehicles carelessly along the pedestrian path. Moreover, lack of attention from the

nearby or surrounding society also has become a factor for the emergence of another function of the sidewalk for other

activities. Also, the informal sector activities provide some things cannot be delivered by other facilities in the buildings around the area, such as affordable foods and things for all members of society.

REFERENCES

[1]. Budiawan, Nur Faiz, 1 April 2015 “Tingkat Pelayanan Fasilitas Pedestrian Di Simpang Empat Kantor Pos

Besar Yogyakarta”, Jurnal Teknik Vol. 5 No. 1.1/April 2015

[2]. Efendi, Rahmadani, 2014, Jaminan Kenyamanan Pejalan kaki dalam Tata Kelola Transportasi

(Transportasi Governance) di Kota Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta

[3]. Ikhsani, Lina Nurul dan Khadiyanta, Parfi 3 Juli 2015, “Persepsi Pengguna Terhadap Jalur Pejalan Kaki

Jalan Pemuda Kota Magelang”, Jurnal Ruang Volume 1 Nomor 3, 1 Juli 2015, 121-130 ISSN 1858 1858-

3881

[4]. Muafani, 15 Juli 2014 “Pengaruh Street Furniture Jalur Pejalan Kaki Koridor Jalan Utama Pada Pusat

Perdagangan Terhadap Kenyamanan Pengguna’. Jurnal PPKM III (2014) 171-189

[5]. Wafirul 2 Juli 2013 “Kajian Jalur Pedestrian Sebagai Ruang Terbuka Pada Area Kampus” Jurnal Arsitektur

NALARs Volume 12 No. 2 Juli 2013.

[6]. Hariani Fitrianti, Yenni Pintauli Pasaribu, Philipus Betaubun. 2019. Modeling factor as the cause of traffic

accident losses using multiple linear regression approach and generalized linear models. IOP Conference

Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 235.1. 012030.

[7]. Herbin F. Betaubun, Philipus Betaubun. 2018. Evaluation of the Performance of Traffic Signs for Vehicle

Speed Limits in Merauke District. International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology, 9(8): 568–

573.

39

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