kerala institute of local administration international ... · in india’s federal structure, local...

LOGIN SecretariatEmbassy of SwitzerlandNyaya Marg, ChanakyapuriNew Delhi - 110 021, India

www.loginasia.org

25 - 30 September 2017Kerala, India

Summary Report

Kerala Institute of Local AdministrationInternational Training onDemocratic Decentralisation

Kerala Institute of Local AdministrationInternational Training on Democratic Decentralisation

Summary Report

25-30 September, 2017

Kerala, India

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Local Governance Initiative and Network (LOGIN) is a multi-stakeholder knowledge exchange platform that supports greater decentralisation and strengthened local governance in South and East Asia. Spanning 12 countries, LOGIN’s members include elected representatives, training institutions, think tanks, government departments, non-governmental organisations and inter-governmental organisations, among others. Working in favour of accountable, transparent and inclusive local governance, LOGIN facilitates knowledge sharing and peer-engagements on key governance issues amongst its members. Since its inception in 2013, LOGIN has been connecting and capacitating various actors and change agents who are driving reform agendas within their countries and the region.

The Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA), a LOGIN member, hosted a study visit for LOGIN members in September 2017, focusing on key aspects of decentralisation and Kerala’s experience with devolution. A delegation of 28 LOGIN members from eight countries, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, attended the six-day training programme. This report summarises key insights from the training programme.

LOGIN is supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.

© LOGIN Asia, 2017

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Contents

Abbreviations iv

Executive Summary 1

Introduction 2

Kerala’s Experience in Decentralisation 2

The Learning Offer 2

Objectives 2

Participants 2

Local Government System in India 3

Local Government System in Kerala 3

Local Governments in South and South East Asia 3

Financing Local Governments in Kerala 6

Participatory Planning in Kerala 6

Visit to Village Panchayats 6

Visit to Kudumbashree 7

Local Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation through Women Self-help Groups and Local Governments 7

Visit to Kudumbashree Producer Groups 7

Role of Local Government Associations in Kerala 8

Innovations by Local Governments in Kerala 8

Child-Friendly Local Governance 8

Green Army Labour Bank 8

Institutionalised Capacity Development of Local Governments in Kerala 9

Development Missions and Local Self-Governments: A Platform for Effective Convergence 10

Capacity Building of Local Governments: Experiences from South and East Asia 10

Insights into Kerala’s Journey of Decentralisation 11

Annexures 13

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Abbreviations

CFLG Child Friendly Local Governance

KGPA Kerala Grama Panchayath Association

KILA Kerala Institute of Local Administration

LGA Local Government Association

LOGIN Local Governance Initiative and Network

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Executive Summary

The framework for decentralisation is enshrined in the Indian Constitution, which provides the mandate for local governments. In India’s federal structure, local government is a state (provincial) subject and all policies related to decentralisation are formulated and implemented by states.

The Panchayat Devolution Index for 2015-16 identified Kerala as the leader in policy and practice of devolution of powers to rural local self-governments. Since the People’s Planning Programme launched in 1996, the state has taken many initiatives to empower its local self-governments with functional authority and financial resources, and undertake a participatory decentralised planning process. Almost 25 percent of state government’s financial resources have been provided to local governments who also have other own sources of revenue. The state also has strong local government associations which engage in policy advocacy.

The Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA), a member of LOGIN, has been engaged in capacity building activities for local governments in Kerala since its establishment in 1990.

KILA is a nodal institution for training, research, consultancy and policy support for local self-government institutions. With its extensive mandate, it is uniquely placed to engage with different stakeholders of local governance in Kerala.

KILA facilitated a study visit for LOGIN members in September 2017, focusing on the following areas of decentralisation: � Decentralised planning

� Fiscal decentralisation

� Women and local economic development through Kudumbashree (women self-help groups)

� Local government associations

� Strategies for capacity building

A delegation of 28 LOGIN members from eight countries, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, attended the six-day training programme.

This report summarises the delegation’s glimpse into practices, processes and mandates of institutions that have supported and enabled devolution in Kerala.

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IntroductionIn India’s federal structure, local government is a state (provincial) subject and all policies related to decentralisation are formulated and implemented by states.

Hence, there is a wide range of decentralisation practices across Indian states, including different modalities of deconcentration, delegation and devolution. The state of Kerala has been regarded as having moved far ahead of other states in terms of devolution to local governments and institutionalisation of decentralised planning processes.

Kerala’s Experience in Decentralisation

Kerala is considered a pioneer in implementing far-reaching reforms to support decentralisation and local governance. Since the People’s Planning Programme launched in 1996, the state has taken many initiatives to empower its local self-governments with functional authority and financial resources, and undertake a participatory decentralised planning process. Almost 25 per cent of the state government’s financial resources have been provided to local governments,which also have their own sources of revenue.

Kerala was ranked first in the Panchayat Devolution Index for 2015-16 and was identified as a leader in policy and practice of devolution of powers to rural local self-governments. The state also has strong local government associations (LGAs) which engage in policy advocacy.

The Learning Offer

The Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA), a member of LOGIN, has been engaged in capacity building activities for local governments in Kerala since its establishment in 1990. It is an autonomous institution identified as a nodal institution for training, research, consultancy and policy support for local self-government institutions. With its extensive mandate, it is uniquely placed to engage with different stakeholders of local governance in Kerala.

KILA hosted a study visit for LOGIN Members in September 2017, focusing on specific areas of decentralisation: � Decentralised planning � Fiscal decentralisation � Women and local economic development through Kudumbashree (women self-help groups) � Local government associations � Strategies for capacity building

The detailed programme of the study visit is included as Annexure I.

Objectives

� Introduction to the practices, the processes and the mandates of institutions that have supported and enabled devolution in Kerala

� Orientation on and exposure to decentralisation, participatory planning process and local economic development through women’s self-help groups

Participants

Twenty-eight LOGIN members from eight countries, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, attended the six-day training programme (The List of Participants is included as Annexure II).

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Local Government System in IndiaDr. S.S. Meenakshisundaram, Former Secretary to Government of Karnataka and Government of India, gave a presentation on ‘Local Government System in India’. Dr. Meenakshisundaram was involved in final drafting of the bill which became the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, providing constitutional status to rural local governments in India.

Dr. Meenakshisundaram’s presentation focused on evolution of the decentralisation process in India starting from the colonial period and through the post-Independence period. Dr. Sundaram explained the salient features of the 73rd Amendment and current structure of rural local government. He also highlighted the positive features, issues and threats to decentralisation in India as of today. He concluded that success of decentralisation reforms in India depended on activity mapping of functions and institutionalisation of participatory decentralised planning processes.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure III)

Local Government System in KeralaDr. J.B. Rajan, Associate Professor, KILA, presented the local government system in Kerala. He highlighted key elements of the local government structure in Kerala namely Grama Sabha (village assembly), democratic governance institutions within local government, office structure of rural local governments, and features of decentralised institutions. He further explained the Kerala model of decentralisation which includes administrative, developmental and fiscal decentralisation. He concluded by explaining some of the key supportive mechanisms for local self-governance in the state which include the setting up of Appellate Tribunal, Ombudsman for Local Governments, State Development Council, Coordination Committee on Decentralisation, Local Government Commission, and the Nava Keralam Mission.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure IV)

Local Governments in South and South East AsiaThe participants were divided into country groups for preparation of presentations on local governments in their respective countries. While some country groups used charts and posters to make presentations, others used PowerPoint presentations. Most presentations focused on the structure of local governments or a particular tier of local government represented by the participants. The interactive session saw participants seek clarifications from peers on various aspects of local governments in their country.

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Financing Local Governments in KeralaDr. Sunny George, Professor, KILA, elaborated the functions that could be undertaken by both rural and urban local governments in India. He briefly explained some of the key sources of revenue for local governments and illustrated the structure of local government finances in Kerala through charts. The key point of the presentation was the formula-based financial allocation for local governments ensuring clarity for them on development funds to be received from the state government, and to an extent, ensuring equity of financing for local governments in different levels across the state.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure V)

Participatory Planning in KeralaDr. Joy Elamon elaborated the principles of decentralisation that guided Kerala’s planning process. Kerala followed a ‘big bang approach’ to decentralisation through a People’s Planning Campaign. The idea was to learn by doing and following a definite methodology for the process. The objective was to prepare local development plans through participatory planning. Along with the campaign, associated actions were undertaken to create supportive mechanisms for this model of decentralisation in Kerala. Dr. Elamon discussed the present participatory planning process, the framework behind the process, and the emphasis on planning for social justice and outcome based planning. He concluded by highlighting systemic changes in local governance that had taken place due to participatory planning processes and future areas for work.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure VI)

Visit to Village PanchayatsThe participants were divided into two groups and taken on field visits to two village Panchayats - Kondazhy and Mulloorkara. The groups visited the Panchayat offices as well as sites of some of their institutions such as childcare centres, where they interacted with elected members and staff about development activities, financing in village Panchayats, and other institutions under village Panchayats.

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Visit to KudumbashreeKudumbashree is the poverty eradication and women empowerment programme implemented by the State Poverty Eradication Mission (SPEM) of the Government of Kerala. Kudumbashree was set up in 1997 and is in essence a community network that covers the entire state of Kerala. The network comprises a three-tier structure, with Neighbourhood Groups at the lowest level, Area Development Societies at the middle level, and Community Development Societies at the local government level.

Mr. Rahul K., State Mission Office, shared the history of the Kudumbashree network. The network’s evolution is closely linked with the decentralisation process in Kerala. With regard to the community structures created under the network, while the members are women, these women working together have enabled empowerment of their families as well. He explained how the network promotes financial inclusion and highlighted some of the support structures. The network has enabled creation of livelihoods and political inclusion of women members and also led initiatives in rehabilitation of the destitute and the mentally challenged.

This model of a women’s network is being replicated in 14 other states of India as well as in a few countries such as Ethiopia and South Africa.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure VII)

Local Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation through Women Self-help Groups and Local Governments

Mr. Sajith Sukumaran, Chief Operating Officer, Kudumbashree National Resource Organisation, provided the overall context from which the network (Kerala’s self-help group model) emerged and described its evolution from a government programme to a movement. The biggest learning experience from this model has been its organic relationship with local governments, which included translation of policies into processes, managing interfaces, and capacity building to work together as well as creation of system of linkages. This has led to outcomes such as higher pro-poor expenditure, convergence with human development initiatives, increased backing for women elected representatives and strengthening of democratic process in Gram and Ward Sabhas (People’s Assembly). Future plans of Kudumbashree include participatory anti-poverty planning and promoting peer learning within the network.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure VIII)

Visit to Kudumbashree Producer Groups

The delegation formed two groups to visit Kudumbashree producer groups in two village Panchayats. The first group visited Amrutham Nutri Mix Producers Group in Erumapetty Grama Panchayat, while the second group visited Kerasree Organic Coconut Oil Producers Group, Adat Grama Panchayat.

The groups interacted with the Kudumbashree members to know more about the production process, the marketing and sale of products as well as how Kudumbashree has improved the quality of their lives. The participants also gained an understanding of local government support to Kudumbashree activities and the convergence of the network’s activities with those of the local governments.

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Role of Local Government Associations in Kerala Elected representatives, Adv. K. Thulacy Teacher, President of Kerala Grama Panchayath Association (KGPA), Mr. K. K. Nasser, Chamber of Municipal Chairmen, and Mr. V. A. Manojkumar, Kerala Block Panchayat Association, who are also members of LGAs, gave the participants an overview on LGAs and their relationship with the government. LGAs in Kerala are powerful institutions which have a voice in formulating policies concerning local governments. The LGAs follow democratic functioning with representation from local governments at corresponding local government level.

Adv. K. Thulacy Teacher briefed the delegation on the overall structure of KGPA and its objectives, which include: � Serving as an interface between the state government and the Panchayats and resolving issues

collaboratively

� Facilitating knowledge sharing between Panchayats

� Ensuring effective functioning of Panchayats through monitoring and evaluation of the governance, planning and implementation of Panchayat initiatives

KGPA also supports implementation of four state level missions, Haritha Kerala Mission, Aardharam Mission, Education Mission, and LIFE Mission.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure IX)

Innovations by Local Governments in Kerala

Child-Friendly Local Governance

Dr. Peter M. Raj, KILA, explained different aspects of Child Friendly Local Governance (CFLG), a governance approach for child-centric local planning and a methodology to localise the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. In Kerala, 154 local self-governments are using this approach to provide evidence for institutionalising CFLG in all local self-governments. Dr. Raj provided an illustration of how the CFLG approach was used in tackling the issue of child marriage in a particular local self-government by improving schools and creating support mechanisms for children.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure X)

Green Army Labour Bank

Mr. Anup Kishore and Mr. Vinod shared details about the Green Army Labour Bank which aims to enhance productivity of paddy cultivation. The initiative has emerged from the convergence of different levels of local governments, non-governmental organisations, government departments and Kerala Agricultural University. The Labour Bank provides complete support services for paddy cultivation, covering nine village Panchayats under Wadakkanchery Block Panchayat.

Set against the context of declining paddy cultivation in Kerala, the experiment involved creating paddy collectives and mechanisation of cultivation, and ensuring timely support such as seeds and irrigation from respective government departments. The process included discussions with paddy collectives, trainings and participatory planning. Some of the Labour Bank’s achievements include disbursement of wages of INR 2,000 for 50-100 days of the year to members along with other benefits. This experiment is being upscaled to neighbouring districts to cover 43 block Panchayats and 280 village Panchayats.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure XI)

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Institutionalised Capacity Development of Local Governments in KeralaDr. Joy Elamon detailed the background to KILA becoming the nodal institution of capacity development of local governments in Kerala. When the People’s Campaign of 1996 was introduced, the magnitude of training was huge, given the numbers to be trained. There were different categories of stakeholders, several thematic areas, as well as a need for repeat trainings and quality assurance. A cascading strategy was used for training through key resource persons, district resource persons and local resource persons. Support was also taken from technical institutes and provision of handbooks was also ensured. Rigorous planning, monitoring and correction was taken up to ensure quality of training.

In the transition phase, KILA was identified as the nodal training institution. The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)-funded CAPDECK project helped KILA in building infrastructure, especially residential facilities for staff, enabling the institution to deliver large-scale residential training programmes.

Currently, a decentralised training system is being followed with key resource persons being trained at KILA, who, in turn, provide training to district resource persons who then build the capacity of local resource persons. There are also mobile field teams through extension faculty to support local governments.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure XII)

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Development Missions and Local Self-Governments: A Platform for Effective ConvergenceMr. Rajendran and Mr. N. Jagajeevan of Kerala Haritha Mission described the functions being undertaken by local self-governments in Kerala and the skills they have acquired in the process such as planning, implementation and community participation. However, certain gaps and challenges have emerged with regard to techno-managerial skills, quality of service delivery, participation and transparency.

Four state level missions—Haritha Kerala Mission (Agriculture, Environment, and Solid Waste Management), Aardharam Mission (Universal Health Care), Education Mission and LIFE Mission (Livelihoods and Housing)—aim at overcoming these gaps and challenges by using local self-governments as inter-sectoral convergence platforms.

(For the complete presentation, refer to Annexure XIII)

Capacity Building of Local Governments: Experiences from South and East AsiaThe participants presented capacity building initiatives of local governments in their specific countries.

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Insights into Kerala’s Journey of Decentralisation In a fitting conclusion to the training programme, Mr. S.M. Vijayanand, Former Chief Secretary, Government of Kerala, summarised the Kerala decentralisation story and shared his insights with the delegation. He mentioned that the last major cross-country study conducted by Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India, i.e. the Panchayat Devolution Index for 2015-16, identified Kerala as the leader in policy and practice of devolution of powers to rural local self-governments. Policy continuity regarding decentralisation in Kerala across seven governments from opposing political coalitions is a major reason for leadership in decentralisation.

Key Enabling Factors for Improved Local Governance

� Getting macro politics of decentralisation correct with support from top leaders of major political parties of the state

� Following the principle ‘work and worker will go together’

� Managing the decentralisation process without upsetting overall governance situation in the state

� Formula for fiscal decentralisation

� Freedom for local application of funds

� Big Bang approach for decentralisation so that reversal of processes becomes difficult

� ‘Humanising the State’

� Improving participation of citizens for ‘constructive public action’

� Peer learning from Panchayats to enable learning from leaders

� Adoption of ideas such as CFLG and Aged Friendly Local Governance

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Kerala’s Achievements in Decentralisation

� Methodology of participatory planning

� Fiscal decentralisation within a framework

� Formula-based funding of local governments

� Strong State Election Commission for conducting free and fair elections to local governments

� State Finance Commission to recommend resource sharing between State and local governments

� Ombudsman for local governments for registering grievances against local governments

� Appellate Tribunal for adjudication of conflicts between local governments and the citizens

� LGAs for advocacy and providing a reality check with regard to policies and programmes of local governments

� Coordination Committee chaired by local self-government minister and heads of all important institutions related to local government to resolve issues at policy level

� Promotion of care and compassion programmes such as caring of aged, destitute and physically challenged children

� Emergence of good local models

Challenges and Gaps in Local Governance

� Citizen education with regard to local governments

� Limited focus on governance

� Emphasis more on process and less on systems

� Weakness of formal accountability systems

� Local resource mobilisation

� Weakness in regulatory roles

� Lack of required skill sets in local governments

� Tribal development not a focus despite decentralisation

� Corruption in local governments

� Planning needs to be based on data more than local negotiations

� Multi-level planning for health, education, and local economic development

� Development of Annual Plans and Five Year Plans

� Local economic development in industrial sector

� Local governments and rights based development

� Climate change and ecological challenges

� Urbanisation challenges beyond local governments especially in waste management and mobility

� Capacity development shifting to need-based and demand-based capacity building programmes

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ANNEXURES

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Annexure I: KILA International Training Programme 25-30 September 2017-Detailed Agenda

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Annexure II: List of Participants

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S.No Name & Address 21

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25

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27

28

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Mr Sek Ratha PACT Cambodia Email [email protected] Ms Sarika Shyam Sonare Resource & Support Centre for Development (RSCD) India Email [email protected] Mr Somasekhar Alkod State Coordinator The Hunger Project (THP) India Email [email protected] Ms Sunita Subhash Bhosale Abhivyakti Foundation India Email [email protected] Mr Bounchanh Niyavong DDG Department of Local administration, Ministry of Home affairs LAO.P.D.R Email [email protected] Ms Tuya Majig Association of Mongolian Local Authority Mongolia Email [email protected] Mr Aung Shwe Oo Programme Head Scholar Institute Mynamar Email [email protected] Mr Ramanayake Mudiyanselage Chadini Akushia Ramanayake Programme Officer Federation of Sri Lankan Local Government Authorities (FSLGA) Srilanka Email [email protected] Mr Yacoub Zacharia Kuruvilla LOGIN Secretariat Email [email protected]

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Annexure III: Local Governance in India

Local Governance in India

S.S. MeenakshisundaramVisiting Professor

National Institute of Advanced Studies

Bangalore

25 September 2017

Slide 01

History of Panchayats in India

Village communities or ‘Panchayats’ i.e., council of five people have been in existence in India for centuries.

Autonomy of these panchayats gradually disappeared during British rule.

Lord Ripon’s attempt to establish local self-government in 1882.

Gandhiji’s concept of ‘Swaraj’ i.e., self-rule, a democracy based upon individual freedom.

Slide 02

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In the Constituent Assembly

Reluctance of the Constitution makers to agree upon the village as the basic unit of administration.

Article 40 of the Constitution of India:“The State shall take steps to organize village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government”

Slide 03

The Birth of Decentralization

Creation of Community Development (CD) blocks in India Evaluation of the CD Programme “So long as we do not discover or create a representative and

democratic institution which will supply the local interest, supervision and care necessary to ensure that expenditure of money upon local objects confirms with the needs and wishes of the locality, invest it with adequate power and assign to it appropriate finances, we will never be able to evoke local interest and excite local initiative in the filed of development”

- Balwantrai G Mehta Study Teamon Community Development

Slide 04

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The phase of decline (1969-77)

Weakening of commitment to democratic values Reduction in flow of funds to C.D. programme Tendency to postpone elections to PRIs by the State

governments

Reluctance of the state leaders and bureaucrats to devolve power and functions to PRIS

The dominance of economically/socially privileged sections of the society in some PRIs and

Lack of education and awareness among the people themselves.

Slide 06

The First Phase

Recommendations of the Balwantrai Mehta Committee To organise a three-tier Panchayati Raj consisting of:

Village Panchayat (for a group of villages) Panchayat Samiti (at the block level) Zilla Parishad (at the district level)

Panchayat Samithi is the key level of decentralisation. Local variations in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

The Phase of ascendancy during 1961-64, with the establishment of Panchayatiraj Institutions (PRIs) throughout India.

Slide 05

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The next phase

Recommendations of the Ashok Mehta Committee constituted in 1977 to create a two- tier structure consisting of

Mandal Panchayat (for a population of 20,000 to 30,000)

Zilla Parishad (at the district level) ZP to be the key level for decentralisation.

Participation of Political parties at all levels of panchayat elections.

No action on this report at the central level.

Attempts however in some States: West Bengal, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Slide 07

The Revival

Recommendations of the GVK Rao committee on administrative arrangements for rural development in 1985.

Dr. Singhvi Committee’s concept paper on revitalisation of PRIs in 1986.

Constitution Amendment Bills introduced by: Rajiv Gandhi in 1989 V.P. Singh in 1990 Narasimha Rao in 1991

Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 brought into force, with effect from April 24, 1993

Slide 08

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Salient Features of The Amendment

Provisions made for nomination of Members of the State Legislature/Parliament in the intermediate and district panchayats, if the state so chooses.

Reservations to: SC/ST as per population Women, not less than one-third Backward classes made optional Both in members and among chairpersons

A State Election Commissioner to prepare electoral rolls and hold panchayat elections.

Slide 10

The current structure

Gram Sabha(Village Council)

Village Panchayat

Taluk Panchayat

District Panchayat

State Government

Slide 09

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Salient Features continued….

Provisions made for nomination of Members of the State Legislature/Parliament in the intermediate and district panchayats, if the state so chooses.

Reservations to:

SC/ST as per population

Women, not less than one-third

Backward classes made optional

Both in members and among chairpersons

A State Election Commissioner to prepare electoral rolls and hold panchayat elections.

Slide 11

Finance Commissions

State Finance Commission to make recommendations to the Governor as to the principles which should govern the distribution of financial resources between the State and the Panchayats and among the panchayats.

The Central Finance Commission to augment the consolidated Fund of a State to supplement the resources of the Panchayats.

Slide 12

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List of Subjects that the States May Entrust to PRIs

1 Agriculture, including agricultural extension

2 Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservations

3 Minor Irrigation, water management and watershed development.

4 Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry

5 Fisheries

6 Social forestry and farm forestry

7 Minor forest produce

8 Small scale industries, including food processing industries

9 Poverty alleviation programme

10 Education, including primary and secondary schools

Slide 14

The Process

Devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, with respect to:-

a) The preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;

b) The implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule.

Article 243 G

Slide 13

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List of Subjects continued…..

11 Technical training and vocational education

12 Adult and non-formal education

13 Libraries

14 Cultural activities

15 Markets and fairs

16 Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centres and dispensaries

17 Khadi, village and cottage industries

18 Rural housing

19 Drinking water

20 Fuel and fodder

21 Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways, and other means of communication

Slide 15

List of Subjects continued…..

22 Rural electrifications, including distribution of electricity

23 Non conventional energy sources

24 Family welfare

25 Women and child development

26 Social welfare, including welfare of handicapped and mentally retarded

27 Welfare of the weaker sections and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes

28 Public distribution system

29 Maintenance of community assets

Slide 16

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The Problems

Poor response to Gram Sabhas in most cases. Lack of operational linkages between different tiers. Poor accountability of officials to the elected local

representatives.

Mental reservations of State level leaders and bureaucracy. Dichotomy between national planning and local planning. Evaluation, monitoring and midcourse corrections more difficult.

Slide 18

Positive Features

Improvement in attendance of school teachers, medical staff etc.

Increase in revenue from assets transferred. Stricter accountability of the elected representatives and the

bureaucracy.

Significant public awareness of the programmes. Better communication between the people and the

Government. Early warning system for Disaster Management.

Slide 17

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Threats

Reluctance to accept multiparty system and the rule of law in a federal set up.

Reluctance of state level politicians to give up power. Resistance from the secretariat and heads of departments.

Resistance by organised unions. Attitude of local leaders. Ineffective participation especially of women, SCs and STs.

Paucity of resources.

Slide 19

Further Developments

Creation of a separate Ministry in 2004. Activity Mapping completed in most States District Planning Manual prepared to facilitate planning at

grassroots level.

Substantial funds are being allotted to Gram Panchayats for local level planning.

A Devolution Index prepared annually to facilitate competition and provide incentives to the better performing PRIs.

Slide 20

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Despite this Scenario

25 years is not a long period in the history of a country. PRIs have come to stay. They are integral part of our federal

structure. Course corrections are still possible.

Introduction of Social Audit and Right to Information have enhanced accountability.

Expert Committees have been formed to look at ways and means to strengthen the PRIs.

Slide 22

Still…..we find

Poor devolution of functions, funds and functionaries in several States.

Fragmentation of programs and funding streams. No convergence at any level.

Power retained at State and Central levels through parallel bodies and line departments.

Poor accountability at all levels. Absence of public demand and political will.

Slide 21

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Second Administrative Reforms Commission

Creation of a district government common to urban and rural areas which will also perform the functions of the DPC.

Restructuring Gram Panchayats to make them viable. Flow of Funds for all development schemes including centrally

sponsored schemes through PRIs.

Activate Gram Sabhas to ensure people’s participation in decision making.

No officer of the State to have any power to suspend or rescind any action of the PRIs or to supersede or dissolve them.

Slide 23

Success will however depend on:

Adhering to Activity Mapping. Enhancing both tied and untied funds for PRIs. Enforcing decentralized planning through people’s

participation.

Political will and bureaucratic support.

Slide 24

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Annexure IV: Local Government System in Kerala

Local Government System in Kerala

Dr J B RajanDr. J.B. Rajan

Associate Professor, KILA [email protected]@kila.ac.in

KERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONKERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION

Slide 01

73rd & 74th Amendments to Indian ConstitutionIndian Constitution

A third tier of government, Local Governments as institutions of g ,self government

Grama Sabha, constitutional forum for direct democracy District Planning Committee (DPC), platform for bottom up

planning

Slide 02

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73rd & 74th Amendments………other featuresother features

State Election Commission, for regular & fair election, g

State Finance Commission, for fiscal matters

Reservation for women

Reservation for SC and ST

Slide 03

Kerala Model of Decentralisation is renowned renowned

Slide 04

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Average Population

Village Panchayatg y 26,000

Block Panchayat 49,000

District Panchayat 5,25,000

Slide 06

Conformity Acts by Kerala in 1994

Kerala Panchayat Raj Acty j Three-Tier Panchayat Raj Institutions

941 Village Panchayats 152 Block Panchayats 14 District Panchayats

Kerala Municipality Act Nagarapalika Institutions

87 Municipalities 87 Municipalities 6 Corporations

Total 1200 Local Governmentso a 00 oca Gove e s

Slide 05

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No. of Elected Representatives

Grama Panchayatsy 15,962

Block Panchayats 2,076

District Panchayats 331 331

Municipalities 3,122

Corporations 414

Total 21095

Slide 07

Grama Sabha [Village Assembly]

Constituencyy Ward

Members Voters in the Ward

Rights Decide development priority Finalise beneficiary list

Slide 08

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Panchayat Office

Office of President, Vice Presidents, and Standing Committee Chairpersons

Office of Secretary Office of Other Staff Office of Other Staff

Assistant Secretary Junior Superindent Accountant Senior Clerk Clerks [including Front Office Clerk] Clerks [including Front Office Clerk] Peon Driver Sweeper

Slide 10

Democratic Governance

Standing Commiteesg Finance, Development, Welfare, Health & Education

Institutional Management Committees Eg. Hospital Management Commitee

Planning Committees Working Groups

Slide 09

38

Institutions & Staff

Primary, Secondary, and Higher Secondary Schoolsy, y, g y Dispensaries, PHCs, CHCs, Taluk Hospitals under 3 three

streams Anganwadis District Farms – Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Krishi Bhavan, Matsya Bhavan All Veterinary Institutions-District & below P t i H t l f SC Prematric Hostels for SCs

Slide 11

Kerala Model of Decentralisation

Administrative Decentralisation Developmental Decentralisation Fiscal Decentralisation

Slide 12

39

Developmental Decentralisation

Responsibilities to Local Governmentsp Planning

Productive Infrastructure Welfare

Slide 14

Administrative Decentralisation

Functions and functionaries Functions: mandatory, general, sectoral Functionaries: 17 departments

Strategy of decentralisation People’s Plan Campaign

Principles of devolution

Slide 13

40

Fiscal Decentralisation

Big bangg g Budget window Own Source Revenue

Slide 15

Local Self Government Department (LSGD)(LSGD)

LSGD – Minister Principal Secretary to Government Di t t f P h t Directorate of Panchayat Directorate of Urban Affairs Engineering Wing Town & Country Planning State Performance Audit

KILA KILA IKM Kudumbashree

Slide 16

41

Supportive Mechanism

Appellate Tribunalpp Ombudsman for Local Governments State Development Council Coordination Committee on Decentralisation Local Government Commission Nava Keralam Mission

Slide 17

42

Financing Local Governments in Kerala

ByD S GDr. Sunny George

ProfessorKerala Institute of Local Administration

Thrissur, Kerala-680 5819446606973

[email protected]

Slide 01

Annexure V: Financing Local Governments in Kerala

Local Self Governments Constitution of IndiaPart IX Panchayats and Part IXA MunicipalitiesPart IX Panchayats and Part IXA Municipalities

Panchayats in Rural Areas and Municipalities in Urban Areasy p Elections in Every Five Years State Election Commission for Local Governments Note less than one-third seats for women Proportional Representation for SC & ST District Planning Committee Gram Sabhas State Finance Commission

Slide 02

43

Functions of Panchayats 11th Schedule, Article 243GArticle 243G

1. Agriculture including agricultural extension.

2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation.

3. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development.

4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry.

5. Fisheries.

6. Social forestry and farm forestry.

7. Minor forest produce.

8. Small sale industries, including food processing industries.

9. Khaki, village and cottage industries.

10. Rural housing.

D i ki 11. Drinking water.

12. Fuel and fodder.

13. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication.

R ral electrification incl ding distrib tion of electricit14. Rural electrification, including distribution of electricity.

15. Non-conventional energy sources.

Slide 03

Functions of Panchayats 11th Schedule, Article 243GArticle 243G

16. Poverty alleviation programme.17. Education, inducing primary education and secondary schools.18. Technical training and vocational education.19. Adult and non-formal education.20. Libraries.21. Cultural activities.22. Markets and fairs.23. Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centres and dispensaries.24 Family welfare24. Family welfare.25. Women and child development.26. Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded.27. Welfare of weaker sections, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.28. Public distribution system.29. Maintenance of community assets.

Slide 04

44

Functions of Municipalities12th Schedule Article 243W12th Schedule, Article 243W

1. Urban planning including town planning.R l i f l d d i f b ildi2. Regulation of land use and construction of buildings.

3. Planning for economic and social development.4. Roads and bridges.5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.

Public health sanitation conservancy and solid waste management6. Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management.7. Fire services.8. Urban forestry, protection of environment and promotion of ecological aspects.9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded.10 Slum improvement and upgradation10. Slum improvement and upgradation.11. Urban poverty alleviation.12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.14 Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums.14. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds and electric crematoriums.15. Cattle ponds; prevention of cruelty to animals.16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bust stops and public conveniences.18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.g g

Slide 05

Local Governements in Kerala

PANCHAYATS [1107]NC S [ 07] Grama Panchayats 941 Block Panchayats 152y District Panchayats 14

MUNCIPALITIES [93] Municipal Councils 87 Municipal Corporations 6

Total 1200

Slide 06

45

Sources of Finance

State Government State Government Central Government Financial Institutions Financial Institutions Own Resources Beneficiary Contributions Beneficiary Contributions Voluntary Contributions

Slide 07

Financial Structure of Grama Panchayats, 2008-09

Source Amount(in Rs. Crores)

Percentage Share

Own Tax Revenue 160.3 6

Non-Tax Revenue 155.24 6

State Transfers 1738.06 69

Central Transfers 414.06 16

Borrowing 12.65 1Borrowing 12.65 1

Others 29.32 1

2509.63 100

Slide 08

46

F l S f G P h 2008 09Financial Structure of Grama Panchayats, 2008-09

Slide 09

Financial Structure Of Municipalities, 2008-09


Percentage Share


Non-Tax Revenue 41.72 12


Central Transfers 32.08 10

Borrowing 6.40 2g

Others 9.18 3

337.03 100

Slide 10

47

Financial Structure of Municipalities, 2008-09

Slide 11

Financial Structure of Corporations, 2008-09

Source Amount Percentage (in Rs. Crores) Share


N T R 36 88 12Non-Tax Revenue 36.88 12


Central Transfers 32 68 10Central Transfers 32.68 10

Borrowing 0.00 0

Others 5.84 2

319.14 100

Slide 12

48

Slide 13

Budget Provisions

Traditional Functions Maintenance of Roads Maintenance of Non-Road Assets Expansion and Development

Slide 14

49

Share of Development Fund, 2013-14

Fund Amount (In Rs. Crores)

Percentage Share

General Purpose 900.2 14

Maintenance (Road) 928.4 15

M i t (N d) 458 5 7Maintenance (Non-road) 458.5 7

Development 3003 48

World Bank Assistance 270 4

13th CSFC Grant 673.9 11

Total 6234 100

Slide 15

Major Categories of Fund 2013-14

Slide 16

50

Development Fund, 1998 to 2014

Slide 17

Share of Development Fund, 2013-14

LSG Amount(i R C )

Percentage Sh(in Rs. Crores) Share

GP 2879.3 54

BP 617.5 12

DP 839.6 16

MUNI 496.7 9

CORP 457.8 9

5290.9 100

Slide 18

51

Development Fund Share of LSGIs

Slide 19

Maintenance Fund, 2013-14

ITEM Amount(in Rs Crores)

Percentage Share(in Rs. Crores) Share

Road 2879.3 82

Non-road 617.5 18

3496.8 100

Slide 20

52

Maintenance Fund: Road and Non-road

Slide 21

Institutions and Posts Transferred to GramaPanchayatsPanchayats1. Agriculture Dept. Krishi Bhavan

2. Animal Husbandry Dept. Veterinary sub-centre, Veterinary Dispensary/ Hospitals

3. Dairy Development Department

4. Fisheries Department

5. Rural Development Department

6. Social Welfare Department

7. SC Development

8. Tribal Development

9. Health Services Department (Allopathy)

10. Health Department (I.S.M.)

H l h D (H )11. Health Department (Homeo)

12. General Education Department

13. Public Works Department

Slide 22

53

1100

Pazhayannur GP: Development Fund, 1991 to 2012

733

825

917

1008

s.Lak

hs

458

550

642

733

men

t Fun

d in

Rs

183

275

367

Dev

elop

m

0

92

1998 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011Year

Slide 23

Own Tax Revenue Grama Panchayats, 2008-09

Source Amount(in Rs Crores)


Property Tax 75.90 47

Professional Tax 75.56 47

Entertainment Tax 3.80 2

Advertisement Tax 0.26 0

Oth T 4 60 3Other Taxes 4.60 3

160.12 100

Slide 24

54

Items of Own Tax Revenue of Grama Panchayats, 2008-09

Slide 25

Own Tax Revenue Municipal Councils, 2008-09







Other Taxes 1.72 3Other Taxes 1.72 3

67.86 100

Slide 26

55

Slide 27

Items of Own Tax Revenue Municipal Corporations, 2008-09







Other Taxes 0.07 0O e a es 0.07 0

77.95 100

Slide 28

56

Items of Own Tax Revenue of Municipal Corporations, 2008-09

Slide 29

Plan Allocation for Local Development (Development Fund)(Development Fund)

TOTAL FUND - GENERAL SECTOR INCLUDES

Devolution from Union Finance Commission

W ld B k t d KLGSDPWorld Bank supported - KLGSDP

Special Grant

General Sector Rural:Urban = 80:20

(Non SC/ST Population of Rural and Urban)

Slide 30

57

Allocation of Development Fund

General

RURAL : URBAN

80 : 20

GP : BP : DP

70 : 15 : 15

SCP

RURAL : URBAN

86 : 1486 : 14

GP :BP: DP

60 : 20 : 20

TSP

RURAL : URBAN

98.61 : 1.39

GP:BP:DP

60 :20 :20

Slide 31

Slide 32

58

Participatory Planning: How it Happened and Happening in KeralaHappened and Happening in Kerala

Joy ElamonDirector

KERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONKERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONKERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONKERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION

Slide 01

Annexure VI: Participatory Planning in Kerala

Principles

1. Autonomyy2. Subsidiarity3. Role Clarity4. Complementarity5. Uniformity6. People’s Participation7. Accountability8. Transparency

Slide 02

59

Were We Ready?

The Story Begins

Slide 03

The Big Bang

Preconditions for Decentralisation

Rules Human Resources Capacity Development

Fiscal Devolution, Campaign

andPressure from Below

Slide 04

60

Approach of People’s Plan CampaignCampaign

Bottom - Up Processp From citizens to upwards starting from village assemblies

Massive Capacity building initiative Through Cascading and phase wise trainings

Village assemblies as platforms for citizen engagement Learning by doing Follows a definite methodology

Slide 05

Participatory Planning

Bottom - Up Processp From citizens to upwards starting from village assemblies

Massive Capacity building initiative Through Cascading and phase wise trainings

Village assemblies as platforms for citizen engagement Learning by doing Follows a definite methodology

Slide 06

61

Village Assemblies

Environment buildingg Training, handbooks Problems, needs and solutions listed Discussions in subject groups Teams for Development Report

Slide 07

Towards Plan

Task Forces Shelf of Projects Prioritisation Plan Back to Gram Sabhas Finalisation Vetting Approval

Slide 08

62

LOLGIN 26 September 2017

Gramasabhas

Projects

Development Seminars

Projects

GP Plan

IP/DP Plan

Approval

Slide 09

Associated Actions

Committee on Decentralization of Powers Conformity legislations Fund flow mechanisms Implementation mechanisms Implementing officers Accounts Departmental orders Integrating vertical schemes

Slide 10

63

Associated Actions

Reporting/review systemp g/ y Plan Monitoring System (PMS) Local level monitoring Performance audit Social audit Ombudsman Appellate Authority Capacity building Information Kerala Mission

L l G t A i ti Local Government Associations

Slide 11

Participatory Planning Now

Projectisation

Working Groups

District Planning Committee

Final Development Status Reports

St k h ld

Report & PlanDocument

SuggestionsStakeholder ConsultationsDevelopment

Seminar

Village Sub-Need specific

i Pl

Draft Development Report & Plan

Document Village Assembly

SubCommittees suggestions on Plan

Slide 12

64

Framework

Grama Sabha [Village Assembly][ g y]Platform for Direct Democracy

Planning CommitteeFacilitation of Planning

Working Groups [Sectoral Planning Committees of Local Go ernments]Governments]Triangulation

Standing Committees Standing CommitteesFacilitating Working Groups

Slide 13

Planning for Social Justice

Women Component Plan (WCP)p ( ) Minimum 10% of Plan Outlay

Scheduled Caste Sub-Plan (SCSP) Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) Special Categories: Aged, Differently Abled, Children

Minimum 5% of Plan Outlay ASHRAYA [Plan for Destitute]

C Palliative Care

Slide 14

65

Outcome Based Planning

Nava Keralam Mission – through Local Governments; tog ;address second generation developmental issues of Kerala Haritha Keralam – Green Kerala Aardram - Health LIFE – Housing and Sustainable livelihoods St th i P bli Ed ti S t Strengthening Public Education System

It is a leap towards SDGs

Slide 15

People’s Planning; Computerised www plan lsgkerala gov inwww.plan.lsgkerala.gov.in

Slide 16

66

Slide 17

Achievements

Participatory planning methodology evolvedp y p g gy Formula based devolution established Large scale community infrastructure in villages decided by

the people Improved public service delivery Pro-poor expenditure Transparency D f b fi i l ti Due process for beneficiary selection Public contribution Creation of community assets Creation of community assets

Slide 18

67

Appraisals

Focus onHousingDrinking waterSanitationChild care centresHealth centresSchoolsInfrastructure

Quality improvement in educationWomen empowermentResource mobilisation

Many models

Slide 19

Systemic Changes

Women Component Planp

5% for Child, destitutes and elderly

Financial procedures evolved

Beneficiary selection system

Transparency in public works

Gram Sabhas for social a dit Gram Sabhas for social audit

NHGs/SHGs

Role clarity among tiersy g

Transfer of employees

People can sit together and plan

Slide 20

68

Future

Local Government Commission looking at institutionalisation efforts

a road map for the future

Moving towards quality of public service delivery

Front Desk

Total Quality Management

ISO certification

Child friendly local governance

Elderly friendly local governance

LGs for the differently abled

People’s Plan Campaign Phase 2

Greater transparency - ICT based

Integrating the Missions

Preparation of a participatory District Plan

From Training to Capability Development

Slide 21

69

Kudumbashree – Family Prosperity Through Women Collective

Slide 01

Overview

Family Prosperity through women collective

6. Additional roles

6. Scaling up

5. Impacts

2. When

1. What is Kudumbashree

3. Why

4. How

Slide 02

Annexure VII: Kudumbashree – Family Prosperity Through Women Collective

70

Mission Statement

To eradicate absolute poverty in ten years throughconcentrated community action under the leadership of localgovernments, by facilitating organisation of poor for combiningself help with demand led convergence of available servicesand resources to tackle the multiple dimensions andmanifestations of poverty holistically


Slide 04

Kudumbashree

Poverty eradication and women empowerment programme implemented by the state poverty eradication mission (SPEM)

Community institution of women working along with Local self governments for effective implementation of poverty eradication programmes and local economic development

Kudumbashree- Prosperity of Family, prosperity of family through women and prosperity of the society through family

Slide 03

71

Mission component

Kudumbashree community network

Kudumbashree

Slide 05

Mission Component

Minster of LSGD

Governing Body

Executive director

State mission

District mission

Chaired by the Minister LSGD, Principal Secretary, LSGD is the vice

chairperson Executive Director of Kudumbashree Mission is

its convenor. Representatives of the three layers of PRIs,

different government departments, the State Planning Board, State Women’s Commission, and NABARD as members.

Professional and government staff Programme domain Planning implementation and monitoring

Slide 06

72

Overview

6. Additional roles

7. Scaling up

5. Impacts

2. When


3. Why

4. How

Family Prosperity through women collectiveSlide 08

Community Structure

10 to 20 women per group; one per family258,035 NHG across Kerala3.9 million members

Federation of NHG at the ward levelCovers 98% of the State

Registered apex Federation at the Local Government levelCovers 100% of local governments in the State


73

The Journey

19921994

19951998

20022008

20132016

Piloted in 7 wards of

AlapuzzhaMuncipality

Full coverage

in the state

Unified bye laws

and election

Kudumbashree as

NRO

International assignments

Tested in rural areas

of Mallapuramas part of

CBNP

Expanded to all Urban areas

Launch of Kudumbasree

mission


Slide 09

6. Additional roles

7. Scaling up

5. Impacts

2. When


3. Why

4. How

Overview


74

Overview

6. Additional roles

7. Scaling up

5. Impacts

2. When


3. Why

4. How


The Formation

Kudumbashree was set up in 1997 following the recommendations of a three member Task Force appointed by the State government.

Formation was in the context of the devolution of powers to the Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Kerala, and the Peoples’ Plan Campaign, which attempted to draw up the Ninth Plan of the local governments from below through the PRIs.

Slide 11

75

NH

G

NH

G

NH

G

NH

G 1. President

2. Secretary3. Volunteer (Income generation)4. Volunteer (Health and Education)5. Volunteer (Infrastructure)

AD

S

AD

S

ADS chairpersonADS vice chairpersonADS secretary7 member executive committee

CD

S CDS chairpersonCDS vice chairperson

Executive committee one/ADS

Bye Law

Election

Slide 13

6. Additional roles

7. Scaling up

5. Impacts

2. When


3. Why

4. How

Overview


76

Economic

No of NHGs – 2,53,414No of NHG Members –40,17530

Total Thrift – 3192 Cr.Total Internal loan – 13058 Cr.

NHGs having Live Linkage – 1,55,873Live Linkage Loan Amount-4665 Cr.

Support structures Grading of NHGs

Matching Grant- Incentive forgrading and linkage

Interest Subsidy Scheme – (NRLM,NULM and State)

Auditing - Kudumbashree Auditand Accounts Service Society(KAASS)

Financial Literacy Campaign. Antimoney laundering campaign

Community Monitoring - Byelaw,MF Conveners, Internal Auditing

Financial inclusion

Slide 16

Synergies from Collective Action

Women working and acting together not only empower women, but

also strengthen their families socially and economically

Social

Women’

Economic

Empowerment

A movement called KudumbashreeSlide 15

77

NHG Based Seasonal enterprises (festival focus)

NHG thrift or linkage loan based

Bank linked/Kudumbas

hree subsidy

Rural & Urban Micro Enterprise Scheme (RME & UME)

Yuvashree programme for youth from NHG families

Self Employment Programme (NULM)

Sales and marketing enterprise (SME)

Owned, run and managed (OME concept) by the entrepreneurs themselves. Individual or group enterprises having an annual return of Rs. 1 lakh to

Rs. 30 lakh. A potential to generate a minimum of Rs. 5000- per member a month

Livelihood – Micro Enterprises

Economic

Slide 17

Economic


Large scale – flagship

IT units

Canteen and Catering IRCTC – E Catering

Nutrimix

Slide 18

78

Economic

Livelihood – Micro enterprises – support strucuture

Training

General Orientation Training

Entrepreneurship Development programme

Skill Training Accounting & Book

keeping Performance

Improvement programme

Financial Support

Loan linked subsidy support

Innovation and technology support

Crisis Management Support

Second Dose Assitance

Revolving fund

Technical Support

MEC support-Specially trained groups of KudumbashreeMission to capacitate entrepreneurs on business management and counseling

Slide 20

Economic


Large scale – flagship

Santwanam

Construction group Kudumbashree travels

Wellness Centre

Slide 19

79

Economic

Livelihood – Micro enterprises – marketing support

Markets

Monthly /Weekly and Daily Markers

Seasonal/ Festival fair

Permanent markets

Home shop

Local production-marketing-consumption value chain.

professional management team to oversee logistics of production and distribution

Branded products

10 Products branded to cater to premium markets

Slide 21

Economic

Agriculture

Joint Liability groups – 54167 groups, 242000 members

Lease land farming – 42,000 Ha of land

Credit linkage-more than 200 Cr

Farmer Facilitation centers – 962

Bio Pharmacy – 192

Seed bank -165

Slide 22

80

Women

Political inclusion

Statistics of the Kudumbashree members elected from the Local self Government Election 2015

15863 member from Kudumbashree network contested from 21682 wards

7376 members won the election

313 elected women members are currently heading 3 tiers of Panchaythi Raj, Municipalities and Corporation

Slide 24

Economic

Livelihood – Farm based

Agriculture

Joint Liability groups – 54167 groups, 242000 members

Lease land farming – 42,000 Ha of land

Credit linkage-more than 200 Cr

Farmer Facilitation centers – 962

Bio Pharmacy – 192

Seed bank -165

Slide 23

81

Innovative programme devised by Kudumbashree and rolled out in 2007

Self learning approach understands the strength and limitation of each member involved in the learning process

Life experiences of women are translated into precepts for practice, thus developing them as a knowledge base.

Encourage strategic discussions in the NHG on gender issues touching the lives of poor women.

86846 resource persons and 3.5 lakhs of support team members are the Cascading channels of the self learning programme

Women

Gender self learning

Slide 25

GSLP - Third Module- Women and MobilityFirst Phase Mobility and Society Completed

Activity Group formation - Women Sports Group, Thattukada etc NHG level family meet Part of Module based activity

Women

Gender self learning

Slide 26

82

ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROGRAMME- piloted in 3 districts with activeconvergence with Police, Local governments and other departments. Giving Support toincome generation programme for the identified High Risk group members (1007)

Gender Help Desk- (SNEHITHA)- 24 hours support for women who are in need /distress. worked in 6 Districts now- Thiruvananthapuram, Malappuram, Eranakulam (started in 2013) Idukki, Palakkad&Wayanad (started in 2015)

Gender Corner – Community based resolving mechanism to address the atrocities against women and children in convergence with other departments and agencies especially Jagrathasamithi

Crime Mapping – Mapping of the violence against women & children in an area through data collection from women and through unsafe space identification. Kudumbashree conducted Crime Mapping in selected 71 panchayaths

Women

Other initiatives

Slide 28

ICT enabled knowledge creation and sharing for women in the developmentsector

Portal provides a useful venue for discussing issues and ideas, creating modules, collating programme reports, clearing doubts, and, most importantly, helping women become computer and technology savvy.

140 Trained persons (Master Trainers) from the Kudumbashree network are giving training at the grassroots level

1072 CDS’s completed portal Training for the selected five persons, 29029registered users, 93,600 posts and 2,91,796 views are there in portal

Women

Sree- Sakthi Portal

Slide 27

83

Community Theatre- Rangasree- Rangasree is a program to train selected women fromKudumbasree in Theatre with the aim of establishing community theatres in every CDS of theState. It also aims to disseminate the messages of social justice, equality, sustainable development etc. As aplot programme implemented in 5 districts.37 master trainers were trained through 4 levels of TrainingThese Master trainers will be in charge of imparting trainings at CDS level and also they can benational resource persons

Community Counseling- 320 Counseling Educators were selected from all the 14 Districts. And given training based on a module developed by the counseling experts. Now these 320 counselors were working as the community counselors of Kudumbashree and collaborate with Gender Corner and Snehitha Gender Help Desk.

Swasthyam- Prevention and Control of Cancer through Promoting healthy living Promotion of organic farming for pesticide free vegetables based on the ‘spare and share’ concept Activity- Training for the CDS members – 3 members from a CDS One day sensitization workshop for ADS – One representative from each NHG NHG level discussion on Cancer – Motivating them to Camps Camps at LSG level

Women

Other initiatives

Slide 29

Women

Gallery

Slide 30

84

Social

Rehabilitation of Intellectually Challenged

BUDS and BRC

For the differently abled-Moderate to profound mental disability

Disability specific interventions – from basic life skills to vocational training

LSG owned schools – sponsorship, community/ parent management support

59 schools at present with 2410 students

Slide 32

Social

Destitute Rehabilitation

Ashraya

Catering to marginalized groups: tribal communities, differently abled, persons with chronic illness.

More than 1, 55, 67 beneficiaries. Implemented across Kerala through 1042 CDS.

Services catering to basic needs of infrastructural, survival, development and mental health.

Monetary expenditure met by pooling from different sources: Plan fund, Challenge Fund ( 40% of total project cost or 25 lakhs) and sponsorships.

Slide 31

85

Social

Holistic Growth of Children

Balasabha

A 3 tier community based network of children from age group of 5-18.

Thrust on overall development of children through a right based approach enhancing their creativity and leadership skills through ensuring their participatory rights.

Small Learning Groups for experimental and systematic learning

Slide 33

Social

Basis Services

Social security

Housing Elderly Insurance

Slide 34

86

Across India and Aboard

14 states in the Inda

Free state of South Africa

Uganda

Azerbijan

Ethiopia

Slide 35

87

Poverty Alleviation and Local Economic Development

through Women’s Self Help Groups and Local Governmentsthrough Womens Self Help Groups and Local Governments

Sajith Sukumaran

KILAKILA

27th September 201727th September 2017

Slide 01

Annexure VIII: Poverty Alleviation and Local Economic Development through Women’s Self Help Groups and Local Governments

Poverty

Multiple dimensions of poverty

Education Years of schooling Child school enrolment Child school enrolment

Health Child mortality Nutrition

Standard of Living Drinking water, sanitationg , Cooking fuel, electricity Flooring, assets ownership

Slide 02

88

Local Governments

Constitutional status of Local Governments Institutions of Self-Government Gram Panchayats as third tier of governance With functions and responsibilities

Including Poverty Reduction Constitutional Role of Local Governments

Economic development and social justice

Slide 03

Nature of Panchayats

Constitutional entities Governance entities Legal entities Political entities Development and service delivery agencies

MGNREGA IAY

SBA SBA

Slide 04

89

Nature of Panchayats

Managers and supervisors of service delivery institutionsg p y Anganwadies

Welfare agencies Pensions

Civic agencies Water supply Sanitation

St t li ht Street lights

Slide 05

Kerala’s Local Governments

Institutions of deliberative and participatory democracyp p y y Legislation and institutional steps, 1994

Acts and Rules following Constitutional AmendmentsState Finance Commission and State Election Commission

Decentralisation of functions‘O b 2’ G O d 1995 ‘October 2’ Government Order, 1995

Decentralisation of functionaries and fundsDecentralisation 1996Decentralisation, 1996People’s Plan Campaign

Slide 06

90

Local Governments and the Poor

Panchayats are the institutions of governance closest to the y gpeople

It offers platform for direct democracy through Gram Sabha Poverty alleviation is one of its mandated functions From Concept to Framework to Lived Experiences

C h P f P h ? Can the Poor gain from Panchayats? Can the Poor address Poverty through Panchayats Limitations of Access and Agency Limitations of Access and Agency

Slide 07

Access and Agency

The Poor lacked the capabilities to access the services that the pPanchayats offered Poverty itself limits the ability of a person to access

i lentitlementsPoverty as a debilitating factor hindering capabilities Deprivations – The Poor faced multiple deprivationsDeprivations The Poor faced multiple deprivations

Collectives as an answer There is a little history to ity

Slide 08

91

SHG Movement in India

Roots of SHG Movement in India Early 1990s Mostly rural, literacy connection Largely driven by NGOs, with NABARD support Followed by externally supported poverty reduction projects in

several Statesseveral States Focus on thrift and credit Mostly stand alone SHGs No connection with Panchayats (In spite of the 73rd and 74th

Constitutional Amendments, that happened around the same time)time)

Slide 09

SHG Movement in Kerala

Concept developed and validated in urban areasp p

Initial inputs from UNICEF

Primarily implemented by Government through Local Governments

Beyond thrift and credit (as in other SHGs) Addressing the challenges of a development programme Addressing the challenges of a development programme

Community Based Nutrition Programme (CBNP) Focus on empowerment – using the energies unleashed by the p g g y

Literacy Campaign Community-based human development as an approach (Had

an all India context to this UBS 1985 NHGs UBSP 1990)an all India context to this: UBS, 1985: NHGs; UBSP, 1990)

Slide 10

92

SHG Movement in Kerala

Starting from the beginning, the SHG movement in Kerala worked closely with Local Governments

Born in the context of decentralisation and the People’s Plan Movement

Given legal space in the Kerala Municipalities Act 1994 (Ward Given legal space in the Kerala Municipalities Act 1994 (Ward Committee representation, Functions of Municipalities)

Focus on Neighbourhood Groups, beyond SHGs

A community / social dimension

Precursors

Traditional neighbourhood groups Traditional neighbourhood groups

The Gandhian experiment in Alappuzha

KSSP’s experiments in local level planningp p g

Slide 11

The Kerala SHG Model

Networked three-tier organisation (with geographical congruence g ( g g p gwith Ward and Local Government boundaries) Neighbourhood groups (NHG)

A A W d Area Development Societies (ADS) at Ward level Community Development Societies (CDS) at Village Panchayat,

Town/ City/ y

Beyond conventional measures of Poverty

Identification of Poor using Risk Indicatorsg

A transparent, community-based, socially accepted set of indices (Kerala defines multiple dimensions of poverty)

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Kerala SHG Model

Conscious harmonisation with Local Governments with advent of People’s Plan Task Force (Thomas Isaac, S.M. Vijayanand, Prakash Bakshi)

Focus on a functional partnership Fervour generated by participatory planning channelised

into the making of Kudumbashree into an institution of theinto the making of Kudumbashree into an institution of the people The Gram Sabha role

Kudumbashree – makings of a movement more than a programme

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Learning from Kerala Experience1 Organic Relationship with Local Governments1: Organic Relationship with Local Governments

Clear articulation of policyp yCBOs are autonomous and are entitled to democratic

functioning without interference Local Governments have a right to know what CBOs are doing Local Governments have a right to know what CBOs are doing

with the funds they give and CBOs have the obligation to inform

Clear demarcation of rights and responsibilities of both CBOs as community wings to democratise Local Government

functioning gSub-systems; not subordinate systemsGovernment will not pit one against the other

N i h i i h hNot without opposition, though

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1. Organic relationship with Local Governments ( Contd )Governments (..Contd.)

Translation of policy into processes and proceduresp y p p Working together for local economic and social

development Managing the interface

Designing joint committees at Local Government level for monitoringmonitoring

Designing systems for joint meeting, planning, monitoring Capacity building for working together Capacity building for working together

Separate and joint

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Organic relationship with Local Governments ( Contd )Governments (..Contd.)

Put in place a system of linkagesp y g Structural Linkages

Area Development Society (ADS) coterminous with the ‘Ward’ i.e. also Grama Sabha/Ward Sabha

Community Development Society (CDS) coterminous with the Village Panchayat/Urban Local Governmentthe Village Panchayat/Urban Local Government

Neighbourhood Groups as sub-systems of Gram Sabha/Ward Sabha

Elected representative as patron of ADS in the Ward

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Member-Secretary of CDS appointed by the Village Panchayat/Urban Local Government Now Assistant Secretary in the case of the Panchayat

ADS as a Sub Committee of the Ward Developmental Committees of ADS as a Sub-Committee of the Ward Developmental Committees of Local Governments

Five elected women representatives of Village Panchayats and Urban L l G b f h G i C il f CDSLocal Governments are members of the Governing Council of CDS

Appraisal Committee at the Village Panchayat/Urban Local Government level headed by the President/Municipal Chairperson/Mayor Regular quarterly meetings Follow up of decisions in the elected body and in the CDS Follow up of decisions in the elected body and in the CDS

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Developmental linkagesp g

Formal role in People’s Plan Campaign Represented in all important Working Groups Key position in the Working Group on Anti Poverty Sub-Plan Community plans of CDS feeding into Anti Poverty Sub-Plan 10% for Women Component Plan utilised mostly for 10% for Women Component Plan utilised mostly for

Kudumbashree Joint efforts in care and compassion schemes

Asraya for destitutesPalliative care for the terminally illBuds school for mentally challenged childrenBuds school for mentally challenged children

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Key role of CDS in Jagratha Samitisy g

Critical role in organisation of MGNREGA works Bal Sabhas and Bal Panchayats

CDS system as an accredited agency for execution of public works

Large LED projects with multi-source funding and technical support – especially from the District Panchayats

Slide 19


Financial linkages

Flow of decentralised plan funds to Kudumbashree

Special funding for care and compassion programmes

Other linkages Other linkages

Participation in campaigns for cleanliness, health, etc.

Innovative programmes – Gender status studies, Mapping of crimes against womenwomen

Performing outsourced functions of Local Governments

Comprehensive sanitation

Community-based surveys

Community-based social security

Outreach campaigns/Extensionp g /

Managing support desk for Front Offices of Local Governments

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Outcomes of the partnershipp p High pro-poor expenditure especially for Minimum Needs

infrastructure. High levels of influence through participation in Gram High levels of influence through participation in Gram

Sabha/Ward Sabha Active role in selection of beneficiaries Group farming as a successful joint effort Convergence with human development initiatives very significant. Panchayat-People-Professional-partnership leading to excellent Panchayat People Professional partnership leading to excellent

performance of care and compassion schemes Women elected members strengthened by the backing of the CDS

systemsystem

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Concept of Anti Poverty Sub-Plan becoming a realityp y g y

Problems of the poor related to destitution, gender, disability, better analysed and understood

P h b d di f f i bli Poor have a better understanding of processes of accessing public programmes and funds

Involvement in social accountability measures a natural, concurrent Social Audit

Growing confidence within the NHG network resulting in a more l l ti hi ith th l l tequal relationship with the local governments

Political empowerment – more than sixty percent of elected women members of local governments from the Kudumbashree stream

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2: Democratic Processes

Role in Gram Sabha / Ward Sabha/ Dominant participation Articulation of demand

After collective discussion Influencing decisions Addressing Practical Gender Needs Efforts to move on to Strategic Gender Needs Silent social audit Silent social audit

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3: The Urban Experience

Viable Model for Urban Livelihoods

Three-tier organisation linked to Municipalities/Corporations

Performing economic development functions

Microenterprises

Promoting social development

Of destitutes

Acting as service delivery agency for local governments

Also community-based last mile link in service delivery

Independent service sector ‘enterprises’

IT

Catering

Home-based health care

Facilitating access to public services/entitlements

Articulating demand in participatory planning fora

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4: An All India Scheme

Implementation of MGNREGSp NHGs organise the work

The ‘Mate’ is mostly from the NHGsa representative identified by the ADS

NHGs deeply involved in planning E d i l i f kEngendering selection of works

NHGs involved in providing support services and in troubleshootingtroubleshooting

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MGNREGS

Outcomes

92 percent of workers are women

Enhancing income

Used mostly for human development

Improved nutrition

High savings

Increased financial freedom in the household

Women entering labour markets

Unrealised need

Emerging of women farmers

Z ti Zero corruption

Even though criticisms of low outturn and durability of assets are there

Organisational strengthening of ADS/NHG Through formal engagement Through formal engagement

Kerala absorbs 4.51 percentage of MGNREGS funds with 1.91 percentage of BPL families

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5: Women Farmers

Agricultural Livelihoods for Landless Poorg 65,601 Joint Liability Groups with 2,88,000 women farmers

covering 51,113 hectares SAMAGRA projects like goat rearing in Goat Villages, milk

production, pineapple farming, etc. covering 20,700 familiesa es

Securing livelihoods for the asset-less poor Nurturing the landless as women farmers

Slide 27

6: Women Entrepreneurs

Micro enterprises

Goes beyond individual groups Activity groups across SHGs, stretching out even over a district

Well planned and branded with professional support services including Well planned and branded with professional support services including training Nutrimix for take home food in Anganwadis – 337 enterprises

employing over 2 000 people with annual turn over of Rs 60 millionemploying over 2,000 people with annual turn over of Rs. 60 million Café Kudumbashree – 700 units employing 4,000 persons with

annual turn over of Rs.55.6 millionK d b h T l i h 15 i l i 15 Kudumbashree Travels with 15 units employing 15 persons – a new venture

IT units Home-based healthcare

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Entrepreneurship

Innovative initiatives like Responsible Tourism and Fair Tradep Market interventions Vast internal market

Potential for external market Provide reasonable income

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7: Social Development Effectiveness

Schemes of Care and Compassion ASRAYA for the destitutes

Benefitting 1,55,000 families P idi t f b i titl t Providing a set of basic entitlements Project cost of Rs.1300 crore

Buds Schools and Rehabilitation Centres for mentally challenged children

59 schools (2517 children) and Rehabilitation Centres (2766 persons)p )

Palliative care for the terminally ill Covering 58,874 home-based patients and 110,175 outpatients. 909 nurses from Kudumbashree network

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Social Development Effectiveness: Features of Successof Success

Forging of partnership between the Local Governments, people’s g g p p p pgroups and professionals

Primarily rooted in the communityWith NHG l i th iti l lWith NHGs playing the critical role

A robust methodology developed through trial and error Process of scaling upg p

Field level trials with volunteering Local GovernmentsDevelopment of a doable methodology

GPersuading other Local GovernmentsMotivation to join by seeing the successPressure from below pushing Local Governments to joinessu e o be ow pus g oca Gove e s o jo

Slide 31


General framework and local freedoms flexibility

Continuous capacity building

Community Resource Persons

Widespread social acceptance and support Leading to willingness of Local Governments to commit resources Leading to willingness of Local Governments to commit resources

Convergence of different programmes and resources

Comprehensiveness of the support packagep pp p g

Mainstreaming in the Local Government and Kudumbashree planning and implementation systems

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Transformation in the attitudes and approaches of officials and ppelected representatives Recognition as reward

Voluntarism and community service by the Kudumbashree women involved Work beyond reward Work beyond reward Low tech but high touch

Visible process of empowerment and inclusion Visible process of empowerment and inclusion Norms of identification developed socially – a new construct of

deservingness

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Progressive expansion of entitlements moving on from social g p gsecurity to minimum needs to human development to economic development

I h f A f d i In the case of Asraya for destitutes Palpable element of care and compassion in a Public

ProgrammeProgramme Humanising Public Service Delivery (Compared with other

schemes) From welfare to entitlements

A Right to life approach

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8: Engagement with Children and the Aged

Bal Sabha and Bal Panchayatsy Support for senior citizens

Vayomitra NHGs NHGs of parents of mentally challenged

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9: Community Professionals

Institutionalised System of Community Professionalsy y 47 KAASS Groups with around 700 members 33 Microenterprise consultant (MEC) groups with around

300 members 972 Farmer Facilitation Centres utilizing 9812 women

Master FarmersMaster Farmers 19 Training Groups having more than 300 members Institutionalizing the CRP system is a special achievement of g y p

Kudumbashree

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10: The Gender Dimension

Gender Empowerment

Unique strength of Kudumbashree

Multiple aspects Gender self-learning programme Gender self learning programme

Developed on the basis of the real life experiences of the women Gender Help Desks in three districts Sreeshakti Portal for e learning and discussions Sreeshakti Portal for e-learning and discussions Gender Corner for simple complaints Jagrata Samities with the involvement of the police and Local

G t h d f i l i tGovernment heads for more serious complaints Crime mapping for concerted action Gender status studies for local planning

Over 40,000 Gender Resource Persons

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11: About the Mission

Staffing of the Missiong Drawn significantly from among government servants

barring some young professionals and experts Multi-departmental Selected on criteria of attitude and capacity to serve Sensitisation training of staff Continuity of tenure especially of the Mission Director

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12: Community Organisation

Organisational Strengthening g g g A core area of activity Clear rules of functioning Capacity building Communitised pedagogy Annual work assessment

Competitions Anniversary celebrations Anniversary celebrations

Cultural events

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Challenges

Poorest of the poor tend to get excluded

New initiatives in tribal areas of Attappady

Upscaling and upgradation of micro-enterprises

As clusters

On the lines of ANAND model of dairy cooperatives

Lessons from the Mararikulam experiment

Linking with SHGs of NGOs

On clear norms of engagement

Accessing Rights-Based Development

Resisting deeply-entrenched negative social practices

e.g. dowry

Improving intra-family status

Breaking stereotyped roles

Enhancing role in critical decisions

Moving on from livelihoods to public action

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Conclusion

Beyond the five “capitals” –y p Financial Physical Social Human G Green

Moving on to – Civic Capital Civic Capital Political capital A new paradigm of poverty reduction following the capability

approach

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Conclusion

De-politicisation of development

OR

New politics of development

Functioning of the elected women representatives of Local Governments who are from KudumbashreeKudumbashree

Inculcating ‘democracy’ in governance and in the citizenry

Gender-sensitive local level development

Social mobilisation

Conscientisation

Analysis, Reflection, Action

Content analysis of the literary creations of Kudumbashree women Self-expression to understand reality, gain confidence to withstand onslaughts Beyond voices of the poor – poetry of poverty

Freirean transformation

From objects to subjects From objects to subjects

From individuals to collections

From beneficiaries to actors

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Conclusion

For Replication across the Country

Kudumbashree as a National Resource Organisation

Already piloting Panchayat partnership in five States and MEC model in six States

Identifying schools of practice among best CDSs

‘Deep’ documentation of success stories

Promoting peer learning

With CRPs from Kudumbashree

Supporting large scale ‘Action Research’

For ‘organic’ seeding of ideas For local “grains” in local “soils”

Towards preparation of a participatory anti poverty plan covering all available resources Towards preparation of a participatory anti-poverty plan covering all available resources

Led by SHGs

Co-ordinated by Panchayats

Professionally supported by Departments Professionally supported by Departments

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Committee System

Existing 941GramapanchayaKGPA Gramapanchayaths in Kerala are

affiliated

State General Body Representing by the d i i f P h thdecision of Panchayath

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Welcome

Kerala Grama Panchayath AssociationKerala Grama Panchayath Association

KGPAKGPA

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Annexure IX: Kerala Grama Panchayath Association

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Committee System

State Executive committee - 42

Three from each District

District General BodyRepresenting by the decision of

Panchayathy

District ExecutiveDistrict Executive committee - 25

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Period

5 Years from Election

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Income

Subscription from each panchayath (Rs.6000)p p y ( ) KILA SDC CapDecK – Corpus Fund Additional Support From Panchayaths –Building Fund,

Renovation Fund

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State Level Governing Body

President General Secretary Three vice-Presidents Three Secretaries

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Important Goals, Objectives and Related Activities of KGPAActivities of KGPA

1. To act as mediator between Government and Panchayaths. y Day to day we get, collect and hear the issues,

suggestions, demand and complaints from the h h h f f d d ibl fpanchayaths they face, faced and possible to face.

We find the solutions and further action to resolve with the support of government and other possible method.the support of government and other possible method.

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2. To help the Panchayaths to share the varied experiences.p y p Experience sharing Workshop. Panchayath to PanchayathProgramme

3. To help and support in strengthening and ensuring theeffectiveness of the business of the panchayaths.

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Prepared a Draft book.p Executive committee discussed and finalized the draft. The proposal submitted to Government and Planning

Board.

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Important Goals, Objectives and Related Activities of KGPA

Prepared an approach paper and suggestions for guideline

Activities of KGPA

p pp p p gg gof 13th five year plan

Executive committee prepared concept and suggestions. Send to all Panchayaths to collact their suggestions. Conducted Experts meetings.

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V. Finance Commissions. Prepared suggestions for local government commission. Timely intervention to protect the rights of Panchayaths.

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4. To do functions (study, conduct meetings and consultations) in( y, g )order that the policy and drafting laws and rules of thegovernment will be more in favour of Panchayathi Raj.

5 T i h d d k P h hi R j5. To engage in research and study to make Panchayathi Rajmore effective.

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7. To prepare and publish books, periodicals and pamphlets.p p p , p p p Vikasana Guide volume I Published a handbook on how to prepare old age

policy etc.

Slide 14


6. To monitor and evaluate the governance, plan formulationg , pand implementation of Panchayaths to strengthen theeffective functions of Panchayaths .

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8. To help panchayath to be in constant contact and liaison withp p yresearch institutes and academic institutions. IMG, MGCollege, KILA, Accadamitions, Experts,

A i l U i iAgriculture Univercity9. To contact with other local government associations in Kerala

and other states in India and abroad.and other states in India and abroad.

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10. To help and support in strengthening and ensuring thep pp g g geffectiveness of the business of the panchayths Trainings Seminars and Workshops Model creation

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2. LIFE (Livelihood, Inclusion and Financial Empowerment )Empowerment )

The Life Mission will make sure of livelihood, inclusion and ,financial empowerment within five years. As part of the Mission, livelihood, education, health facilities, elderly care and social security will be provided to such families Besidessocial security will be provided to such families. Besides, housing complexes will be planned for families especially in urban areas because of scarcity of land.

Slide 18

Navakerala Mission

1. Haritha Kerala MissionThis envisages :- a clean state - planned to implement sanitation schemes. Projects for preserving water sources. Agriculture development and promotion of organic farming.

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3. Ardram

This scheme is aimed at improving facilities in government run p g ghospitals with a view to extend treatment at a reasonable cost.

Slide 19

4. Educational Rejuvenation Programme

This is a scheme to preserve and strengthen the public p g peducation system of Kerala. One of the key proposals under the scheme is develop about a 1000 schools to international standardsstandards.

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UNICEF Supported Child Resource Centre in KILA: A Pilot Model to Influence Child Friendly GovernancePilot Model to Influence Child Friendly Governance

Slide 02

Child Friendly Local Governance: Kerala ExperienceExperience

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Annexure X: Child Friendly Local Governance: Kerala Experience

120

Child Friendly Local Governance A Governance ApproachA Governance Approach

A Governance approach for child-centric local planningpp p g A Shift in Approach : Life- cycle Right based : Survival, Development, Protection and

participation Convergence and working together Proposes a methodology to address a given child rights

issue Making a world fit for children :CFLG as a methodology Making a world fit for children :CFLG as a methodology

to localise UNCRC Child First

Slide 03

CFLG: Approach

Strengthening the Institutions for Children (AWC, School, PHC, BUDS/BRC, Homes for childre

Strengthening the services for children (Health, education, nutrition, scholarship etc.)

Standardisation of (public) space for children (Play grounds, Parks, Library, school based clubs etc.)

Strengthening the systems for children

(Grama Sabha (Village Council) for children, Working group for children, JagrataSamiti, Bala Sabha, AG Clubs, Welfare Committees etc.)

Legal Protocols,Acts,Guidelines (Meaningful Implementation, Access, Facilitating timely utilisation, litigation and penalisation of offenders)

Strengthening of database on Children - (searching the neglected and marginalised, ensuring no child is left out)

I i I f t t i ti i tImproving Infrastructure, services, governance, participatory management and ownership

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What We Do…..

CFLG- Pilots : 5 Village Panchayat and one Municipality (a g y p y (scoping exercise towards CFLG- designed hand books and training manual)

154 LSGs : CFLG evidence creation across Kerala (11 from each district): mentoring the LSGs, sharing session by best performers, peer learning visits p g

Child Friendly Thrissur District : Joint programme of all LSGs of Thrissur dist. led by Dist.Planning Committee-, Preparation of District Plan of Action for Children(DPAC)

Training to all LSGs of Kerala : institutionalising CFLG

Slide 06

CFLG Focus (Scope)

S i l D i D l t D iSurvival: Domains Declining child sex ratio Immunization Quality Service to pregnant and

Development: Domains Universal Pre-school education (ECCE) Compulsory education to all children Healthy school y p g

lactating women Under 5 mortality Safe drinking water and Sanitation

y Nutritional status and fitness of children

Protection: Survival Safe School Zones Prevention of child abuse Zero pre-age marriage

Participation: Domains Adolescent Clubs Student enrolment in school based

participatory forums/clubs Zero pre-age marriage Disability reduction and disable

friendliness Safe adolescence phase

participatory forums/clubs Children’s’ Gramasabha/children’s

participation in planning process Balasabha

Supportive and caring family environment Child friendly public spaces

Slide 05

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Operational Manual and Guidance Note

Slide 07

PG Diploma on Child Friendly Governance: Building a Resource Team for CFLGBuilding a Resource Team for CFLG

Slide 08

123

CFLG Interventions

Involvement of DPCs Child centric health practices Involvement of DPCs Grama Sabha for childrenChild status reportsChildren as working group members

Pre-School standardisationSafe school zones School green initiatives100% scholarship for differentially abled children Standardisation of school based clubsBUDS school for differentially abledChildren as working group members

Plan documents : child friendly Increased fund allocation - child budgeting Children mainstreamed into planning process

BUDS school for differentially abledMental health initiatives- life skill education Water score cardsSanitary napkin vending machinesPlay grounds, library, parks for children (Space for children)

Children mainstreamed into planning processStrengthening Decentralisation through children !!!

Children becoming part of every solution

Slide 10

Peer Learning Visits- DPAC

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Children Getting Visibility…….

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IECs

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Inter National and National Visits

Slide 18

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Annexure XI: Green Army Labour Bank

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Programmes at Glance

Established in 1990

Owned by Local Governments of Kerala

Slide 02

I tit ti li d C itInstitutionalised Capacity DevelopmentThe Story of KILA

KERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONKERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION

Slide 01

Annexure XII: Institutionalised Capacity Development - The Story of KILA

165

Mandate of KILA

Strengthening Local Governance through g g gCapacity Building and Training

Training (for all) Research; Policy Research &Action Research Policy Advice/Support Handholding Resource Support Publications

Slide 03

Total No. of Trained Persons

Slide 04

166

Modes of Training

Institution-based Training at state level (KILA)g ( ) Decentralized Training at Regional and District level at district

level institutions/ Video based programmes / Virtual Classrooms

Mass based: Tie up with AIR (radio-school programmes, theme-based TV broadcastingbased TV broadcasting

Training of Gram Sabha members on cascade mode Panchayat to Panchayat Long term courses

Slide 06

Reaching out to Range of St k h ldStakeholders

Elected Representativesp Officers Planning Committees

S l W k G Sectoral Working Groups Core Panchayat Functionaries Gram Sabha members Local Govt. Associations Gram Sabha members of Tomorrow (Students) ERs of higher tiers (MLAs, MPs- PRIs interface programme) Civil Society Organisations National/International Stakeholders National/International Stakeholders

Slide 05

167

Modes of Training

Exposure Visits to Good Performing Panchayats (theme-based) p g y ( ) Mentoring and hand holding support Documentation of good practices Help desk system Panchayat Raj Magazine – Monthly

Direct cum Distance Learning:Certificate Course (for elected members)Certificate Course (for elected members)Management Development Course (Panchayat Secretaries)PG Diploma in Child Rights Governance (ERs)- one yearG p o a C d g s Gove a ce ( s) o e yea

Slide 07

Panchayat to Panchayat: Peer LearningPeer Learning

Slide 08

168

Ensuring Quality

Certified trainers: ToTs - training skill and sector –specific g p ToT on training skill Good cases – experience sharing by peers: revenue

generation, agriculture, Grama Sabha, child development Networking with sectoral training institutions Double Entry Accounting Double Entry Accounting, ISO certification,

Slide 10

Ensuring Quality: Systematic A h t T i iApproach to Training

TNAs Training module (session plan, notes and power point) for

trainers Training manuals for trainees Training designed based on multi-sectoral consultations,

brainstorming sessions with Panchayat associationbrainstorming sessions with Panchayat association E-modules for certificate course/distant learning Training Materials in regional languages: Kannada and Tamil

Slide 09

169

Diploma in Local Governance

Based on Blended Learning Method (BLM)Based on Blended Learning Method (BLM) using Moodle

Slide 11

National Trainings

Slide 12

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KILA Journal of Local Governance [bi l][bi-annual]

Slide 14

International Training

Slide 13

171

Centres of KILA

Urban Child Resources South Asia SC/ST Development NRM and Tribal Development Human Resource Development Good Governance Organic Farming and Sold Waste Management Social Development

Slide 15

Research

Policy oriented research y Evaluation of Training Action Research Internships

Slide 16

172

Academic Support to

Local Government Associations Local Government Commission Fifth Finance Commission Ministry of Panchayati Raj

Slide 18

Policy Guidelines

Guidelines for 13th Five Year Plan Guideline on “Comprehensive Child Development Plan for the

Local Governments” Jagrata Samiti – Revised Guideline Guideline on TQM-ISO 9001: 2008

G id li Di t i t Pl i Guideline on District Planning Guideline on Palliative Care

Slide 17

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Operational Manuals

Procurement Office Management Budget Asset Management Performance Audit Gender Budget Public Works P bli R ti Public Reporting Grievance Redressal Institutions of Panchayat Institutions of Panchayat Funds Management

Slide 19

Infrastructure and Facilities

Residential Capacity for training 450 persons in KILA centresp y g p Decentralised System for massive Training through District

Implementing Institutions Virtual Class Rooms; 28 Centres Online Platform for Trainings

Lib ith Di it l R it Library with Digital Repository

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What is Happening NOW

E-governance steps

Co-KILA

Biometric attendance

Work Flow

Payroll

Asset and Inventory Management

Training and guest house management Training and guest house management

Accounting

Watershed Model

S ff Joint Staff Farming

Clean Campus

Campus Beautification

Expansion

Slide 22

MoUs

Sri Lankan Institute of Local Administration

Bangladesh National Institute of Local Governments

Bhutan Department of Local Governments p

And…….

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175

What is happening Now

Long term training plan finalisation, modulesg g p , New pool of experts and Resource Persons Networking with institutions International Conference on Sustainability, Institutions,

Incentives: Voices, Policies and Commitments

Slide 23

Forthcoming Trainings

Environment, Climate Change and Biodiversity, g y Computer Fundamentals Jagratha Samithy Watershed based planning and management Urban Governance District Plan Preparation Role of CBOs in local governance R l f NGO i L l Role of NGOs in Local governance Elderly friendly local governments

Slide 24

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Future

Urban governance and planningg p g Urban Observatory Centre on SDG s and Local Governments Gender School for Local Governments Knowledge Hub on Climate Change and Local Governments Innovation and Incubation Hub

Slide 26

Forthcoming Trainings

Software Management Skillsg Child friendly Local Governance P2P [Panchayat to Panchayat] Certificate Programmes Gender TQM-ISO Soft Skills PG Di l i Child G PG Diploma in Child Governance

Slide 25

177

Future

Legal Resource centreg Participatory Research on Local Development and Governance Area development capacity development Demand based trainings District level Decentralisation Discussion Platforms Knowledge Network on Decentralisation and Local

Governance

Slide 27

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Development Missions and Local Self Governments Governments

(A Platform for effective convergence)(A Platform for effective convergence)

Slide 01

Local self Governments

Functions and ResponsibilitiesFunctions and Responsibilities

Slide 02

Annexure XIII: Development Missions and Local Self Governments

179

Public Health

Running of dispensaries, Primary Health Centers and Sub-g p , ycenters

Management of maternity and Child Welfare CentersI l i f f il lf Implementation of family welfare programme

Implementation of sanitation programmes Adopt immunization programmes other preventive measuresdop u a o p og a es o e p eve ve easu es Effective implementation of National and State level strategies

and programmes for prevention and control of diseases

Slide 04

Agriculture

Cultivate wastelands and marginal landsg Ensure optimum utilization of land Soil protection Production of organic manure Encourage the system co-operative ground farming Organize self help groups among farmers Organize self help groups among farmers Encourage horticulture and vegetable cultivation Fodder development Plant production Seed protection Farm mechanization Farm mechanization Management of Krishi Bhavans

Slide 03

180

Social Welfare and Poverty Alleviation

Identifying the poory g p Implementation of self employment and Group Employment

Schemes for the poor especially for womenP idi i f i i b fi h Providing community assets of continuing benefits to the poor

Implementation of Group Insurance Scheme for the poor Running of Anganwadisu g o ga wad s Sanctioning and distribution of pension to destitute, widows,

handicapped and agricultural labourersS d d b f l Sanctioning and distribution of unemployment wages

Sanctioning of financial assistance for the marriage of the daughters of widowsg

Slide 05

Basic Amenities and Public Works

Collection and disposal of solid waste and regulation of liquid p g qwaste disposal

Storm water drainageV C l Vector Control

Maintenance of environmental hygiene Management of public markets Ma age e o pub c a e s Maintenance of slaughtering houses Provision for toilet facilities and bathing ghats at public places Construction and maintenance of village / local roads

Slide 06

181

LSGs acquired skills

Planningg Implementation Proper accounting Community Participation Innovative initiatives

Slide 08

Water Resource Managementand Social Forestryand Social Forestry

Maintenance of traditional drinking water sourcesg Preservation and maintenance of ponds and other water tanks,

waterways and canals G i f l f d fi d d i f f i Growing trees for cattle feed, fire wood and growing of fruit trees

Organize campaigns for planting of trees and to build g p g p genvironmental awareness

Afforestation of waste land

Slide 07

182

Gaps and Challenges

Lack of techno-managerial skillsg Environment friendly projects and planning Quality of service delivery Community participation and transparency

Slide 09

What is needed

Technical Management Handholding Motivation Facilitation for convergence

Slide 10

183

Haritha Kerala Mission

Envisages a clean and green state through waste management, g g g g ,organic farming and conservation of water resources

To encourage people’s participatory initiatives to sustainable d l b i l d i d b didevelopment by protecting land, air and water bodies

To clear and remove waste from all water bodies and revival of ponds, rivers, lakes and streamsponds, rivers, lakes and streams

To increase the area of land under cultivation leading to agricultural self-sufficiency

To encourage rain water harvesting and afforestation To generate power from solar energy and wind energy

Slide 12

Missions and Objectives

Haritha Kerala Mission Aardhram Mission Education Mission LIFE Mission

Slide 11

184

HARITHA KERALAM MISSION

Regaining the past glory of Kerala in Regaining the past glory of Kerala in Cleanliness, Water availability & Safe-to-Eat

Agricultural produces and countering the threat of Climate Change

Sub-missionSanitation & Waste Management

Sub-missionWater

Conservation

Sub-missionAgricultural expansion

Conservation

Making use of linkages Enhanced water availability - Production of organic manure – Safe-to-eat y gagricultural produces Reduced pollution & Enhanced environmental security

Slide 13

Approach to Waste Management

77 Lakh households & institutions generating 10000 tones

Treating biodegradable waste at source using composting & bio methanationgenerating 10000 tones

Municipal waste per day

75% municipal waste generated in households & institutions

70% f

using composting & bio-methanation(biogas) tools

Decentralized systems for households having space constraints

C l d f fl 70% of waste are biodegradable

Centralized option for overflow waste

30% of the municipal wastes House to house collection of non- 30% of the municipal wastes

includes plastic discards, slow biodegradables (coconut shells, husks), disposables, inerts

House to house collection of nonbiodegradables (plastics etc.) & storage at Material Collection Facility

Material Recycling Facility for LSGI clusters

Limiting secured land fill only to inertsinerts Limiting secured land-fill only to inerts

Generation of 8000 m3 of septage in 25 Lakh Septic tanks

Centralized Septage Treatment Plants

P l i i T il li k d Bi l septage in 25 Lakh Septic tanks & 43 Lakh Leach pit toilets

Popularizing Toilet linked Biogas plants

Slide 14

185

Approach to enhancing safe-to-eat agricultural producesagricultural produces

Declining paddy cultivation - 8.75 lakh Ha to 1.97 lakh Ha

Declining pulses cultivation - 0.44 lakh Ha to 0.038 lakh Ha

Only 40% of vegetables required is produced locally

Safe-to-eat criteria is ignored in agricultural production

Expansion of paddy cultivation to 3 lakh HaP di h h ld d bl Persuading households to produce vegetable

Sponsoring integrated farming units Promote fallow land cultivation through SHGs Enhance mechanization & reduce cost Network Agro-parks for production & marketing of value-added agricultural produces Strengthen the activities of Agricultural Task Force at the LSGI level Linking co-operative sector for loan facilities and marketing of organic produces

P l i f i i i i l l d i Popularize safe-to-eat criteria in agricultural production

Slide 16

Approach to Water Conservation

44 S ll & M di i i h 44 Small & Medium rivers with numerous tributaries

50 thousand ponds; 50 Lakh Dug wells

53 Medium reservoirs; 150 Small reservoirs

Recharging Dug wells

Sanitizing Dug wells

Rain-pits for ground recharge 53 Medium reservoirs; 150 Small reservoirs

9 Fresh water lakes

Erratic & reducing rainfall trend, Declining river flow; Silted reservoirs & pond; Increasing water

Renovating ponds

Rejuvenating streams

De-silting reservoirs ; p ; gpollution

941 GPs, 87 Municipalities, 6 City Corporations, 152 Block Panchayats

Preparing micro-watershed plans

Compilation of Block level Watershed master plans for water security

Rejuvenation of local water sources Panchayats, Rejuvenation of local water sources, streams and Rivers

Slide 15

186

Mission Structure

Three Task Forces under Secretaries of

Chief Minister Secretaries of Local Self Govt, Dept.

Water Resources Dept.Agriculture Dept.

Concerned MinistersOpposition Leader

Executive Vice-ChairGovt. Secretaries & Advisors

State Mission

Task Force under Dist. Collector

Sectoral Officials

Chairman Dist. Plan Committee MPs, MLAs, Elected Chiefs of LSGIs

Di t H d f D D t District MissionDist. Planning Officer- Convener

District Coordinator

Task Force includes the Members

Dist. Heads of Dev. Dept. District Collector (Secretary)

M

LSGI Mission Task Force includes the Members of Working Group on

Agriculture, Drinking Water & Sanitation

Elected Chiefs of respective LSGIsElected representatives of LSGIs

LSGI Secretary

LSGI Mission (at Block, ULBs,

GPs)

EMPOWERED COMMITTEE UNDER THE CHIEF SECRETARY (To function as a Single Window System)

Slide 17

Way Forward

Enabling support to LSGIs & Integrating Sectoral Dept. actions with LSGIsConvergence & Integration

Capacity development Technology inputs

FINANCIAL Plan funds with the 3-Tier Local Self Governments

Pl f d ith St t D t f W t R LSGD A i lt S il Plan funds with State Dept. of Water Resources, LSGD, Agriculture, Soil Conservation

CSS-MGNREGs - for watershed management & as permissible for Agriculture and SanitationCSS S h Bh h Abhi P dh M i K i hi Si h Y j (PMKSY) CSS-Swatch Bharath Abhiyan; Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) etc.

Sharmadan & Local contributions CSR Funds/Donations - as supplementary resources./ pp y Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board (KIIFB)- for up-gradation of

infrastructure

Slide 18

187

Ongoing Campaign

Establishing Source level treatment of bio-waste (Feasible in a homested type Establishing Source level treatment of bio waste (Feasible in a homested type habitation)

Establishing collection facilities for Non-biodegradable materials Resource Recovery Centres (for recycling plastic & e-waste) Feasibility search for Centralized waste management systems Renovation of ponds and other traditional water bodies Rejuvenation of streams, canals and tributaries of rivers Rainwater recharging of dug wells (62% of households depend wells for

drinking water) Making rainwater pits for improved percolation of rainwater underground

T l i d i i Tree planning and nurturing campaigns Enhancing vegetable cultivation & expanding paddy cultivation Popularizing organic cultivation and safe-to-eat agricultural produces

H ith l 10 i t l ti it f ti l i h l f ttit di l Haritholsavam - 10 environmental activity festivals in schools for attitudinal changes

Slide 20

Way Forward

Multi level planning; Framework by Mission Multi-level planning; Framework by Mission. Detailed planning by Local Govt. Thrust on Agriculture, water &

waste management sectors Consolidated single plan at local government level

Di Pl C i i i i Dist. Plan Committee- ensuring convergence, synergy, integration Accountability systems

Quality assurance; GIS based monitoring; Social Audit. Grievance Redressal

HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES Staff - Serving and retired - Specially identified; Professionals on contract – Support from S&T institutions; Platform of IRMA graduates; Community

Resource Persons; Volunteers

Slide 19

188

Additional Output

Preparation of Strategic Development Master Plansp g p Action plans for resolving unsolved environental issues Mobilizing Pool of Professionals Organizing IEC Campaigns & Capacity Building activities Organizing IEC Campaigns & Capacity Building activities Establishing Water Surveillance Centres in the Chemistry labs of Higher

Secondary SchoolsP l i i G P l id li f b i i i b h i l h Popularizing Green Protocol guidelines for bringing in behavioral changes

Resource Recovery Centres for enhancing reuse and recycle of non-biodegradable waste

Effort for realizing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Effort for organizing Farmer Clusters & Agricultural Clinics Trees planting and nurturing campaignsp g g p g Effort for establishing Green Technology Centres

Slide 21

Expected Outcome

Sustainable management of land, water and biomass Sustainable management of land, water and biomass Attitudinal change for reducing waste generation Behavioral change for controlled use of water Enhanced production of safe-to-eat paddy and vegetable LSGIs without wasted lands Green houses, Green Schools, Green institutions Environmental Management Framework in LSGIs

Slide 22

189

Kerala Model of Health Today

Indicator Kerala India

Birth Rate 14.7 21.4

All 6 9 7

Crude Death Rate

All 6.9 7

Male 7.9 7.5

Female 6 6.4

Under 5 mortality Rate 14 69

Maternal Mortality Ratio 66 178

Expectancy of Life at Birth

Male 71.4 62.6

Female 76.3 64.2

Economic review 2015. State Planning board

Slide 24

Family Health Centre Approach for Universal Health CareUniversal Health Care

Slide 23

190

Challenges

Double burden of diseases Double burden of diseases High out of pocket expenditure Demographic and Epidemiological Transition Marginalized populations Accidents and trauma Management Mental Health including Suicides Human resource in the health sector

Slide 25

Aardram Mission

Quality improvement (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) Quality improvement (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) Raising resources (financial and human) Addressing inequity in health care provision Strengthening Primary Health Care

Slide 26

191

Service Provision

Institution based Field based(FHC & Sub Centre) Curative services,

C lli & H lth Ed ti

Outreach activities Routine services by JPHN,

JHI ASHA d AWW Counselling & Health Education, Maternal and Child health Medico-legal services,

JHI, ASHA and AWW. Work place related services Community Participation g ,

Pharmacy and Laboratory Services

Geriatric Care

y p

Geriatric Care Implementation of National

Programs

All services will include preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care.

Slide 28

Principles of FHC

Universalityy Family based Equitable & non-discriminative Comprehensive Ensuring financial protection Quality Quality Rationality Portability & continuity of care Protection of patient rights Community participation Accountability Accountability Responsiveness

Slide 27

192

Health Care Service Delivery Plan

Family health registers on E-Health platform updated yearlyy g p p y y

Family Health Register

Individual Health Plan

Family Health Care Service Delivery Plan

Ward health plan

Grama Panchayat health plan

Slide 29

Service Packages

Risk red ction Risk reduction Obesity Diabetic care Hypertensive care

Elderly women Elderly menDisabilityHypertensive care

COPD CADDepression

DisabilityPalliative care Children Adolescent p

ANC PostnatalNew born package

Healthy men Healthy womenUnder weight

Immunization TBAccidents and Injury

Transgender

Slide 30

193

Community Participation

Social Structures Ayal Sabha, Ward Sabha, Grama Sabha, Local NGOs Kudumbasree Oorukoottam Oorukoottam Other Community Organization

Arogya Senagy

LSG level Convergence of Missions such as“Harithakeralam”,“Life”Life“Pothuvidyabhyasa samrakshana yagnam”

Slide 32

LSGs & FHC

FHCs are Health care delivery service institutions of LSG

LSGs ensures the smooth functioning and management of these centres by

Providing infrastructure,

Human resources Human resources

Other logistic support as and when required.

Community Partnership and Participation.

Health will have to be the focal point of all development activities of the LSG.

Based on the Annual Health Status Report p

Based on the Panchayat specific SDG targets

Based on inter department convergence mechanism

Slide 31

194

Monitoring and Evaluation

Process monitoring by Department of health services and g y pNHM

Social monitoring by different social structures S i l dit ill b f ilit t d b LSG Social audit will be facilitated by LSG

Evaluation at regular intervals for mid course corrections

Slide 33

Differences

Individual care plan and responsibility mapping p p y pp g Quality standards Quantity of service

F l Financial protection Universality

Slide 34

195

“Panchayat is the best platform for intra-sectoral convergence!”

Thank You!!

N Jagajeevan V Rajendran NairN. Jagajeevan, V. Rajendran Nair

Slide 35

LOGIN SecretariatEmbassy of SwitzerlandNyaya Marg, ChanakyapuriNew Delhi - 110 021, India

www.loginasia.org

25 - 30 September 2017Kerala, India

Summary Report

Kerala Institute of Local AdministrationInternational Training onDemocratic Decentralisation

kerala institute of local administration international ... · in india’s federal structure, local...

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