key learnings for today - middlesex-london health unit€¦ · key learnings for today public...
TRANSCRIPT
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�Brief Public Health Overview
�Overview of Infection Control
▪ The Chain of Infection
▪ Breaking the Chain of Infection
�Activity
�Questions
�Quiz
Key Learnings for Today
Public Health Overview• Ontario: 36 health units in Ontario that
are mandated to protect and promote the health of the public
-Water safety -Healthy babies
-School health -Prenatal health
-Immunization -Sexual health
-Infectious disease follow-up
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Health Protection and Promotion Act
• 68 reportable/infectious diseases or
conditions
• Must be reported to the Health Unit by:– Physicians
– Laboratories
– School principals
– Hospitals (via lab, ICP, physician)
– Directors of institutions
We want to cast a net wide enough - fast enough - to stop
the spread of disease.
Why?
Infection Control
A set of proven practices that are promoted by health care
professionals to help stop the spread of illness and infection.
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Infectious Infectious Infectious Infectious AgentAgentAgentAgent ReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirPortal of Portal of Portal of Portal of ExitExitExitExitMode of Mode of Mode of Mode of TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmissionPortal of Portal of Portal of Portal of EntryEntryEntryEntrySusceptible Susceptible Susceptible Susceptible HostHostHostHostThe Chain of Infection
Infectious Agent
An infectious agent is something
that infiltrates another living thing,
like you. When an infectious agent
hitches a ride, you have officially
become an infected host.
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are not normally present within the body.
What is an Infection?
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BacteriaBacteria can thrive in many different types of environments. Some varieties live in extremes of cold or heat. Others make their home in people's intestines, where they help digest food. Most bacteria cause no harm to people, but there are exceptions.
Bacteria
Examples of infections caused by bacteria could include:
• Strep throat
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Urinary tract infections
Can you name some others?
Can these be treated? How?
Viruses
Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and require living hosts — such as people, plants or animals —to multiply. Otherwise, they can't survive. When a virus enters your body, it invades some of your cells and takes over the cell machinery, redirecting it to produce the virus.
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Viruses
Diseases caused by viruses may include:
• Chickenpox
• Measles
• Common colds
Can you name some others?
Can these be treated? How?
Reservoirs – “Hiding Places”
• People
• Animals
• Equipment
• Water
Any place where an infectious agent can live
Portal of Exit – “The Way Out”
• Nose or mouth
• Blood
• Skin
• Urine/Feces
The way the Infectious Agent leaves the reservoir
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Mode of Transmission –
“Getting Around”The way the Infectious Agent gets from the reservoir to the new hostContact
Direct Indirect
Mode of Transmission Con’t
• Droplet
≤ 3 feet
• Airborne
Mode of Transmission Con’t
• Vehicle-Contaminated food, water
medications, instruments
• Vector borne-Mosquitoes, flies, ticks
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Portal of Entry – “The Way In”
• Eyes
• Nose
• Mouth
The way the Infectious Agent gets into the next host
Portal of Entry Con’t
• Open wound/
Damaged skin
Susceptible Host – “The Next Sick Person”Any person who is at risk of getting an infection from the Infectious Agent
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Part of working in Infection
Control is figuring out how
we can Break the Chain of
Infection
Infectious Infectious Infectious Infectious AgentAgentAgentAgent ReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirPortal of Portal of Portal of Portal of ExitExitExitExitMode of Mode of Mode of Mode of TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmissionPortal of Portal of Portal of Portal of EntryEntryEntryEntrySusceptible Susceptible Susceptible Susceptible HostHostHostHostWhat are Some Ideas?
Breaking the Chain
of Infection through
-Handwashing
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Hand Hygiene
• Can be preformed using alcohol based hand sanitizer (ABHS) or soap and water
• When hands are not visibility soiled ABHS is the preferred method of hand hygiene
• When using ABHS there needs to be enough product for your hands to be wet for 15 seconds
• Handwashing with soap and water should be done for a minimum of 20 seconds
Areas Most Often Missed
Top RightBottom Right
Proper Hand Washing
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• Before handling, preparing or serving
food
• After using the washroom
• After sneezing, coughing, or blowing
your nose
• Before eating
When to Wash Your Hands?
Breaking the Chain
of Infection through
-Cleaning and Disinfection
The Principle
Cleaning and disinfection is done to:
Prevent transmission of microorganisms to
individuals.
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Definitions:
CLEANING
• Physical removal of foreign material
– dust, soil, blood, secretions, excretions
How:
Water, detergent and mechanical action
DISINFECTION
• Inactivation of disease-causing microorganisms
How:
Appropriately chosen chemical
disinfectants
Environmental Cleaning
• Cleaning alone will make most surfaces safe for individuals.
• Certain organisms may require specific cleaning practices (ie. C. difficile, Norovirus).
Cleaning reduces or eliminates the reservoirs of microorganisms
Breaking the Chain of
Infection through
-Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
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PPE Practices
• Gloves
• Gown
• Mask
• Goggles or a face shield
PPE for Hospitals
• Contact Precautions – Gown and gloves for contact with patient or environment of care
(e.g., medical equipment, environmental surfaces)
• Droplet Precautions – Surgical masks within 3
feet of patient
• Airborne Infection Isolation – Particulate
respirator; negative pressure rooms
Negative Room Pressure
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Breaking the Chain
of Infection through
-Immunization
Vaccines contain small parts of specific germs, or inactivated germs. The immune system reacts
to the vaccine to make the proper immunity (memory) cells. When germs enter the body at a later time, these memory cells kill them before they
have a chance to infect the body.
Immunization
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Herd Immunity
• When most people in a community have been immunized against a disease, the chance of an outbreak of that disease is greatly reduced.
• Protects vulnerable people (babies too young to be immunized, people undergoing chemotherapy, elderly and other medical reasons.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqKP-ETVvrc
Flu Shot ‘Match’
• The flu shot contains 3 or 4 different strains of inactivated influenza (depending on which one
you get).
• You want the circulating strains to be similar to those included in the yearly flu shot.
• The strains included in the flu shot change
every year… that’s why it’s important to get the shot every year!
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If you don’t follow the recipe, you get…
• Institutional outbreaks • Community outbreaks
• Increased rates of illness, hospitalization and death in the
population • Staff/student absence