kingdom animalia how are they different from everything else we have studied?
TRANSCRIPT
Fungi• Eukaryotic cells
• Most multicellular, but some unicellular organisms
• Cell wall (made of chitin)
Animalia–Informal Groups
• VertebratesVertebrates
– Have a backbone
– 5% of all animals
• InvertebratesInvertebrates
– No backbone
– 95% of all animals
Essential functions
What do animals do to survive?
There are 7 functions they must perform to stay
alive.
FEEDING• Must bring in food (and water) to provide energy
for life.
• Examples:• Herbivores => plants• Carnivores => animals• Omnivores => animals and plants• Detritovores => decomposer• Filter-feeders => filter water• Parasites => live off of a host
Respiration
• Must exchange gases between body and the environment– O2 brought in, CO2 removed
• Performed via…• simple diffusion => complex systems
Circulation
• Transport of food, wastes, and gases (O2, CO2)
• Performed via…– simple diffusion => complex systems
Excretion• Removal of cellular wastes
– Primary waste is ammonia (poisonous)
• Must eliminate immediately or convert into something less toxic (like urea)
• Performed via…– simple diffusion => complex systems
Response• Respond to the environment with nerve
cells
– Other organisms respond, but none with nerve cells
Movement• Just like it sounds (and voluntary)
• Usually have muscle or muscle-like tissue
• Attached to a single spot => fully motile
Reproduction• Passing on of genetic material
• Most animals use sexual reproduction with haploid gametes
• Some are asexual
Trends in Animal Evolution
There are five ways that animals change as they go from simple to complex
1. Cell Specialization & Levels of Organization
• As the cells of an organism get more specialized…
• …the more complex the organism becomes.
2. Early
Embryonic
Development
A lm o s t a llIN V E R T E B R A T E S
B L A S TO P O R Eb e com esth e m ou th
a P R O TO S O M Eis fo rm e d if. ..
A lm o s t a llV E R T E B R A T E S
p lu s E C H IN O D E R M S
B L A S TO P O R Eb e com esth e a n us
a D E U T E R O S O M Eis fo rm e d if. ..
B L A S T U LA(h o llo w b a ll o f ce lls )
Z ygo te(s in g le ce ll)
3. Body Symmetry – 2 main types
•RadialRadial– Infinite number of
planes
– Tend to be sessile or drifting
– Usually a cylinder body shape
•BilateralBilateral– Divide the body into 2
halves– Have a left/right and
usually a front/back– Allow for
segmentation• Same genes control
segmentation and appendages in insects and humans
4. Cephalization• Concentration of sense organs & nerves at the
anterior end of the body
• The more complex the animal… – …More cephalization
• If different enough => qualifies as a head– This is good and positive
• Allows for walking/flying movements