kingdom plantae chapters 27-31. characteristics autotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular, primarily...
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KINGDOM PLANTAECHAPTERS 27-31
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CHARACTERISTICS
• Autotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular, primarily diploid but some triploid (corn)
• Plant-like protists (algae) is the link to plants
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STRUCTURE OF A PLANT
Roots:
• anchor plant
• absorb water and nutrients from soil
• storage in some
• Root cap to protect root during growth
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Leaves:
• capturing sunlight for photosynthesis
• gas exchange: CO2 in and O2 out through stomata
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Stems: transport of water and
nutrients between leaves and root
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Plant vascular tissue:
• xylem: transports water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant
• phloem: carries organic materials (such as glucose) to the rest of the plant
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PLANT DIVERSITY:increasing in complexity
• Non Vascular (bryophytes): lacks vascular tissue so it must remain small to transport materials
moss
liverworthornwort
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Vascular
Seedless: uses spores to reproduce
tree fern
whisk fern
horsetail
club moss
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VascularGymnosperms (naked seed plants)
Cycads
Gingkoes
Conifers
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VascularAngiosperms (flowering/fruit
bearing seed plants)
Non-vascular
non-seed vascular
naked seed vascular
flowering vascular
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Cladograms
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• A cladogram is a family tree based on shared physical characteristics.– A cladogram is does not show phylogeny but
phylogeny can often be inferred.– A branching point would give a best guess as
to what to look for in a common ancestor.
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Making a cladogram
1. Make a chart with all the characteristic you will be looking at.
2. Group species in nested Ven-diagram.
3. Transfer Ven-Diagram to tree.