kingdoms (animals) - block 5
TRANSCRIPT
Echinoderms
Echinoderms
Phylum Echinodermata
Endoskeleton
Tube feet.
Radial symmetry
Form and Function
Water vascular system
Madreporite
Feeding
Sea urchins
Sea lilies
Sea cucumbers
Sea stars
Respiration and Circulation
Water vascular system
Diffusion across the tissue of tube feet
Skin gills
Excretion
Anus
Tube feet
Response and Movement
Nerve ring and Radial Nerves
Sensory Cells
Movement is through the tube feet
Sand dollars and sea urchins
Sea and brittle stars
Sea cucumbers
Reproduction
External fertilization
Separate sexes
Bilateral symmetry
Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
Class Echinoidea
Have a large, solid plate that forms a box around their internal organs
Detritivores or grazers that eat algae
Some have large sharp spines
Brittle Stars
Class Ophiuroidea
Slender, flexible arms and can scuttle around quite rapidly
Can shed one or more arms when attacked. The arms will keep moving to distract the predator
Filter feeders and detritivores that hide by day
Sea Cucumbers
Class Holothuroidea
Detritus feeders
Evisceration
Sea Stars
Class Asteroidea
Carnivorous
As long as it contains a portion of the central part of the body, pieces of sea stars can repair itself
into a new animal
Sea Lilies and Feather Stars
Class Crinoidea
Filter feeders
Sessile
Ecology
Sea urchins
Sea stars
Crown-of-thorns
Invertebrate Evolution
Molecular Paleontology
Microscopic fossils have been preserved that show the embryos of early multicellular animals
Molecular paleontology
The First Multicellular Animals
Ediacaran fossils
They were flat and plate-shaped
Soft tissues
Segmented bodies and bilateral symmetry
Vertebrate Diversity
Cambrian Period (554 mya)
This is when the ancestors of most modern animal phyla first appear in the fossil record
Phylogeny
Single-cell ancestor
Multi-cellularity
Protostome development
TissuesThree Germ layers; bilateral symmetry
Radial symmetry
Radial symmetry
Coelom
Deuterostome Development
Pseudo-coelom
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Mollusks
Arthropods
Annelids
Echinoderms
Chordates
Invertebrate Comparison
SPONGES CNIDARIANS FLATWORMS ROUNDWORMS
GERM LAYERS Absent Two Three Three
BODY SYMMETRY
Absent Radial Bilateral Bilateral
CEPHALIZATION
Absent Absent Present Present
COELOM Absent Absent Absent Pseudocoelom
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
________ ___________ Protostome Protostome
Invertebrate Comparison, pt 2
ANNELIDS MOLLUSKS ARTHROPODS ECHINODERMS
GERM LAYERS Three Three Three Three
BODY SYMMETRY
Bilateral Bilateral Bilateral Radial (adults)
CEPHALIZATION
Present Present Present Absent (adults)
COELOM True coelom
True coelom
True coelom True coelom
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
Protostome Protostome Protostome Deuterostome
Feeding and Digestion
The simplest animals break down food primarily through intracellular digestion, but more complex animals use extracellular
INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
EXTRACELLULAR DIGESTION
BOTH
Sponges Roundworms Cnidarians
Annelids Flatworms
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Aquatic Respiration
DIFFUSION GILLS BOTH
Cnidarians Mollusks Echinoderms
Flatworms Annelids
Roundworms Arthropods
Sponges
Terrestrial Respiration
DIFFUSION BOOK GILLS BOOK LUNGS TRACHEAL TUBES
Flatworms Arthropods (horseshoe crab)
Arthropods (spiders)
Arthropods (insects)
Roundworms
Annelids
Mollusks
Circulation
OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
DIFFUSION WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM
Arthropods Annelids Sponges Echinoderms
Mollusks (Gastropods)
Mollusks (Cephalopods)
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Excretion
DIFFUSION FLAME CELLS NEPHRIDIA MAPIGHIAN TUBLUES
Sponges Flatworms Annelids Arthropods
Cnidarians Mollusks
Roundworms
Echinoderms
Response
NERVE NETS/RING
GANGLIA BRAIN SENSE ORGANS
Cnidarians (net) Flatworms Mollusks (Cephalopods)
Cnidarians
Echinoderms (ring)
Roundworms Arthropods Flatworms
Annelids Roundworms
Annelids
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Skeletons
HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
EXOSKELETON ENDOSKELETON
Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms
Cnidarians
Roundworms
Reproduction
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL/ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Roundworms (internal fertilization)
Sponges (internal fertilization/gemmules)
Annelids (external fertilization) Cnidarians (external fertilization/budding)
Mollusks (both types of fertilization)
Flatworms (internal fertilization/fission)
Arthropods (both types of fertilization)
Echinoderms (external fertilization