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  • 7/27/2019 Kissel Et Al.

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    PALEOMAGNETIC STUDY OF UPPER CRETACEOUS AND TERTIARYFORMATIONS FROM THE CENTRAL ANDESSouthern Ecuador and Peru)

    C. Kjssel, m*, P. Mitouard, 0. Macedo, P. Roperch and J. Surmon;

    Centre des Faibles Radioactivites, Laboratoire mixte CNRBAXA, Avenuee la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,France.* ORSTOM, 70 Route dAulnay, 93140 Bondy, France.

    RIaumiLe long de la cordillere andine: environ 2 000 6chantillons provenant de 195 sites pal6omagn6tiquea dPge cr&ac4sup&ieur et c6nozoique. reparks entre le bud de IEquateur et le sud du Perou, ont et6 prelevas. Les don&esobtenues montrent la presence de rotations horaires au nord de la deflexion da Huancabamba, et antihoraires au cud.Ces rotations sont en partie r6centes (postoligocene inferieur). La remarquabte coherence de la rotation antihoraire auPerou plaide en faveur de IhypoMse dune rotation dansemble de la cordillere occidentale.

    Kay words : Pateomagnetism, Central Andes, Cretaceoua, Cenozoic.

    AbstractThe Central Andes have been considered as a typical marginal orogen. related exclusively to the subduction of thePacific plate. They differ from the Northern and Southern Andes by the lack of any ophiolitic suture and by the presenceof some major bends in the cordillera, known as the Huancabamba and Arica deflections. We present new paleomagneticresults we obtained from upper Cretaceous and Tertiary formations north of the Huancabamba deflection, in southern

    Ecuador and northern Peru (Lancones basin), and south of it, in the Cajamarca area, in central and southern Peru, justnorth of the Arica deflection.About 2000 cores from over 195 sites were sampled in these regions, in upper Cretaceous to upper Miocenesedimentary, volcanic and intrusive formations. The location of the sampled regions is shown in the Figure. North of theHuancabamba deflection. in the Lancones syndinorfum. Albian to Benonian vokanics (9 sites) and Paleogene intrusivebodies (11 sites) were sampled. South of the Huancabamba deflection, in the Cajamarca area, 42 sites were sampledntheblack limestones of the Middle Albfn Parfatambo formation, 12 sites in the slightly deformed Paleocene-LowerEocene volcanic Llama formation, 7 sites in the overlying undeformed Upper Eocene-Early Oligocene Huambos volcanicformation, and 5 sites in some Middle Eocene intrusive granodioritic bodies. Southward, we have sampled 55 sites,mainly in Albian but also in Eocene and Miocene formations, along three E-W transverses (Lima-La Oroya, MantarondCanete valleys), running from the coastal area to the Eastern Cordillera. Those sites are not all studied yet. Finally, theanalysis of 50 additional sites. sampled n southern Peru, is presently in progress.In most of the studied samples, a stable characteristic component of magnetization is isolated after thennal heatingbeyond 200-800C. This stable component is used to calculate a mean direction for each site. In order to interpret ourdata in term of deformation, we have referred the mean regional direct&w to the Upper Cretaceoua pole defined by Beck(1988) for stable South Amerfca, and to a 40 Ma pole that we have calculated averaging Lower Tertiary and Miocenepublished poles. The results obtained from each region re shown n heFigure nd the values of R and F (rotation andlatitudiiaf drtft with respect to the stable continent respectively) are reported in the Table.One can immedfftly notim that the observed rotations are in opposite senses north and south of the Huanrabambadeflection, independently of the age of the studied formations.- North of the deflection, the clockwise rotation has occurred partly during the Uppermost Mesozoic-LowermostCenozoic. and partly later than Paleocene. It has been shown (Mourier et al., 1988; Laj et al., 1989) that these rotationssucceed to a previcus one recorded by the pre-Albian basement.

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    LANCONES SYNCLINORIUM \

    CAJAYARCA AREA

    paleomagnetic site-mean directions:*O Normal 00 Cenozoic*a Reverse A*Cretaceous

    A DEFLECT1

    Accreted ocrrnlc terranes

    Coastal 8ro8 of the Hurncsbamba Andes

    L.:; y.:i] Integral Andes

    LIMA - LA OROYA. YANTARO81 CANETE VALLEYS

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    - South of the Huancabamba deflection, the results obtained from the Cretaceous formations of the Cajamarca area andthe E-W transverses, consistently show that both regions have undergone an anticlockwise rotation of about 25-2Qsince Upper Cretaceous. This is in agreement with other published results obtained farther East (Kono et al., 1985)This rotation is only slightly larger than the one obtained from the Tertiary fom-rations of the Cajamarca area. Thus, at butin this region, most of this anticlockwise rotation has occurred later than Eady0ligocene. Only 7 Tertiary sites cutof 11have been studied right now along the three E-W transverses. Only three of them show reliable pateomagnetic resultswhii are also consistent with the Cretaceous ones.

    The results obtained from tertiary formations and reported here t us document an unpredicted pattern of post-Paleocene clockwise and post-Early Oligocene counterclockwise rotations north and south of the Huancabambadeflection, respectively (Mitouard et al., 1999). The clockwise rotations north of the Huancabamba deflection are probablyrelated to the distributed shear regimes documented by geological studies. South of the deflection, on the contrary, nolarge-scale strike-slip faulting has been observed. and the remarkable consistency of the results over suoh a large areaindicate that the observed anticlockwise rotations more realistically k-&ate a rotation of the entire Peruvian margin.This latter rotation, the timing of which needs to be better constrained between Early-Oligocene and Present, could berelated to the uplift of the Central Andean Plateau, in agreement with a recent published model (Isacks, 1988). Whencombined with this model, the data obtained here suggest that the amount of shortening in the Central Andes is greaterbut of the same order of magnitude than the one documented by geological studies (Sheffels, 19QQ).Additional data from southern Peru will be discussed and compared to the former results from the Central Andes.

    References :Beck M.E. (1QQQ). -J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 1, 1, pp. 39-52.Isscks B.L (1939). - J. Geophys. Pea., 93, 84. pp. 3211323f.Kono M., Hekl, K., and Hamano, Y., (1995) J. Geodyn., 2. 193-209.LaJ C., Mltouard P., Roperch P., Klssel C., Mourler T. L M6gsrd F. (1999).- Paleomagnetic Rotationsand Continental Deformations. C. KISSEL 6 C. LAI Eds, Kluwer Publ. Co., pp. 489-51 I.Mltousrd P., Klssel, C., and Laj, C., (19QO) in press, E.P.S.L.Mourler T., Laj C., Megard F., Roperch P., Mltouard P. & Forfsn Medrano A. (lQ99). - Earth Planet.Sci. Leg, 88, pp.l82-192.

    Sheffela B. M. (1988) unpublished PhD. M.I.T., 165~~.

    Albian Tertiary/ -r _~N RfAR FfAF Period N RfAR FfAF9 +63.5 7 18.3 f 7.6 Wa lo/11 +24.7f 11.6 43f16.6

    , ..,.....,.,..,................................ Huancabamba deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cajsrnsrcs area x/42 -28f6 19 f 6.9 Tpa to Early To 20/24 - 19 f 9.7 1.6flE - W Transverses 23144 -2.5 7.6 15.5 f 8.6 Te-Tm 3111 -13f16.2 8.7f17.2

    Table: Results obtained from Cretaceous and Tertiary formations in southern Ecuador and in Peru. The location of thesampled regions is shown in the figure. R is positive or negative when the rotation is clockwise and anticlockwiserespectively. N: number of sites. Tpa: Paleocene; Te: Eocene; To: Oligocene; Tm: Miocene (16 Ma)


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