KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope-Prospects for Dark Matter Detection

Paschal Coyle, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille

IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008

What is KM3NeT ?• An acronym for KM3 Neutrino Telescope

• A future deep-sea Research Infrastructure hosting a km3 scale neutrino telescope and facilities for associated marine and earth sciences

• A consortium between the groups/institutions that have developed the pilot neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea (Antares, Nemo, Nestor)

Two projects funded by the EU (FP6 & FP7):

– Design Study (2006-2009): aims at developing a cost-effective design for the construction of a km3 scale neutrino telescope

– Preparatory Phase (2008-2010): preparing for the construction by defining the legal, financial and governance issues as well as the pre-production of the telescope components

Science with High-Energy Neutrinos

• Astroparticle physics – Point sources of high-energy neutrinos

– galactic (quasars, SNR, PWN, SN….)

– extragalactic (AGN, GRBs….)

– The diffuse neutrino flux

– Neutrinos from Dark Matter annihilation

– Particle Physics– Cross sections at UHE

– Neutrino oscillations

– Tests of Lorentz invariance

• Search for exotics– Magnetic monopoles

– Nuclearites, strangelets, …

• Earth and marine sciences– long-term, continuous measurements

in the deep-sea

– marine biology, oceanography,

geology/geophysics, …

- neutrino tomography of earth

ANTARES+NEMO+NESTOR+OTHERS

France: CEA/Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 (CPP Marseille, IreS Strasbourg, APC Paris-7), Univ. Mulhouse/GRPHE, IFREMER

Italy: CNR/ISMAR, INFN (Univs. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, LNF Frascati), INGV, Tecnomare SpA

Greece: HCMR, Hellenic Open Univ., NCSR Demokritos, NOA/Nestor, Univ. Athens

Germany: Univ. Erlangen, Univ. KielNetherlands: NIKHEF/FOM (incl. Univ. Amsterdam, Univ. Utrecht,

KVI Groningen), NIOSSpain: IFIC/CSIC Valencia, Univ. Valencia, UP ValenciaUK: Univ. Aberdeen, Univ. Leeds, Univ. Liverpool, Univ. SheffieldIreland: Dublin Institute for advanced studiesCyprus: Univ. Cyprus

Particle/Astroparticle institutes (30) – Sea science/technology institutes (7) – Coordinators

KM3NeT Partners

2500m

3500m

4500m

Three Pilot Projects

not observed

Mkn 501

Mkn 421

CRAB

SS433

notobserved

Mkn 501

RX J1713.7-39

GX339-4SS433

CRAB

VELA

Centregalactique

3C 279

galactic centre: 2/3 of the time

Angular resolution E>10 TeV: ~0.1 degrees

Instantaneous common view: 0.5 sr Averaged common view : 1.5 sr

Galactic centre: not seen

Angular resolution E>10 TeV: ~0.7 degrees

KM3NET (43° north) ICECUBE (south pole)

Complementarity with ICECUBE

Timeline Towards Construction

KM3NeT Conceptual Design Report

Downloadable from theKM3NeT web site:Downloadable from theKM3NeT web site:

Describes the scientific objectives, and the concepts behind the design, construction and operation of the KM3NeT Research Infrastructure 

Describes the scientific objectives, and the concepts behind the design, construction and operation of the KM3NeT Research Infrastructure 

http://www.km3net.org/CDR/CDRKM3NeT.pdf

Some Design Goals

• Sensitivity to exceed IceCube by “substantial factor”

• Core process: +N +X at neutrino energies beyond 100 GeV

• Lifetime > 10 years without major maintenance, construction and deployment < 4 years

• Cost reductions by more than factor 2 cf Antares

• Angular resolution ~ 0.1 degrees (E>10 TeV)

time resolution 2 ns

position of OMs to better than 40 cm accuracy

Configuration Studies• Various geometries and OM configurations have been studied• None is optimal for all energies and directions• Local coincidence requirement poses important constraints

Reference Detector• Geometry:

– Optimised for 1-100 TeV

– 15 x 15 vertical detection units

on rectangular grid,horizontal distances 95 m

– each carries 37 OMs, vertical distances 15.5 m

– each OM with21 * 3’’ PMTs

NOT the finalKM3NeT design!

effective areaof reference

detector

12

Indirect Detection from Sun

Local density~0.3-0.5 GeV/cm3

Local velocity~220-300 km/s

SUN Large mass, but further awayspin-dependent+spin independentAnnihilation in equilibriumPoint source-cone angle~3Visible ~50% of time

EARTH Small mass, but closeOnly spin independent- resonant at 56 GeVAnnihilation not in equilibriumNon-point like source: cone angle~40Visible 100% of time

MSugra Modelling

Four free parameters + one sign parameter space at GUT scale

Dark Matter relic density known from WMAP measurement (2б 0.094 < ΩCDMh2 < 0.129)

Calculations based on DarkSUSY

Neutrino oscillations in matter and vacuum included

ISASUGRA RGEcode used

Top quark mass 172.5 GeV

NFW halo model (0.3 GeV/cm³ at solar position)

Scanned Parameter Space:0 < m0 < 8000 GeV0 < m½ < 2000 GeVsign (μ) = +1-3m0 < A0 < 3m00 < tan () < 60

MSugra: KM3NeT expected exclusion

MSugra: KM3NeT Versus Direct Detection

Blue: ANTARESGreen: KM3NeTRed: Neither

MSugra Parameter Space

MSugra: KM3NeT versus CDMS

MSugra: KM3NeT versus Edelweis II

MSugra: KM3NeT versus SuperCDMS

UED Modelling• Kaluza-Klein(KK) theory: Universal Extra-Dimensions(UED) model - all SM fields propagate through the compactified spatial δ extra-dimensions

If δ = 1 then 1/R 280 GeV (from accelerator constraints) ≧

• Lightest KK Particle (LKP), first excitation of the hypercharge gauge boson B(1), is stable and is the DM candidate • Coannihilation of LKP with next to lightest KK particle (NLKP) Δ ≡ (mNLKP-mLKP)/mNLKP, Small Δ larger relic density

• ΩCDMh2 = 0.11± 0.006 (WMAP, 3yrs) 400<mLKP<800 GeV

UED Monte Carlo• Use “WIMPSIM” Monte Carlo (release 03/2008) (Blennow, Edsjö, Ohlsson, arXiv: 0709 3898)

• Capture and annihilation rates in equilibrium in the Sun

• Annihilations in c,b and t quarks, τ lepton and direct neutrino channels

• All known matter interactions taken into account with a “Bahcall” Sun medium model

• 3-flavor oscillations, lepton τ regeneration through the Sun medium

• Vacuum oscillation between sun and Earth

UED: Neutrino rates at Earth

Tau channel dominant

UED: Neutrino rates at Earth

Direct neutrino production significant at high Z

UED: KM3NeT expected exclusion

KM3NeT

Summary• The successful construction and operation of Antares demonstrate the feasibility of km3-scale underwater high-energy neutrino telescopy new window on the non-thermal universe • The KM3NeT consortium is progressing towards the completion of the Technical Design Report which will define the technological solutions for the construction of a km3-scale telescope in the Mediterranean Sea

• Neutrino Telescopes provide unique signature for dark matter annihilation-complementary to that from direct detection

• MSugra: most of the focus point region can be excluded

• UED: delta<0.1 can be completely excluded