l-14 part iii pre-reform russia (5) 7. culture
DESCRIPTION
L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture. A. Themes. Expansion of education, esp. secondary and tertiary Religious dissent: intensifies, diversifies Growth of Russian national consciousness Emergence of proto-intelligentsia Golden age of Russian literature. B. Education. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
L-14
Part III Pre-reform Russia (5)
7. Culture
![Page 2: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. Themes
1. Expansion of education, esp. secondary and tertiary
2. Religious dissent: intensifies, diversifies
3. Growth of Russian national consciousness
4. Emergence of proto-intelligentsia
5. Golden age of Russian literature
![Page 3: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
B. Education
1. Educational Reform of 1804a. Structureb. Problems
2. Nikolaevan Retrenchmenta. Education as social policyb. Nikolaevan policy
3. Growth and Impact4. Science and Scholarship
![Page 4: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Primary and Secondary School Enrollments
Country 1840 1860
Total (thousands)
Per 1,000 population
Total (thousands)
Per 1,000 population
Russia 270 5 955 13
Germany 3,700 113 7,100 156
France 2,900 85 4,029 149
![Page 5: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Literacy Rates (percent)
Country 1800 1850
M F M F
Russia 6 4 19 10
Gt. Britain 68 43 72 45
Germany 80 50 86 84
France 47 27 69 46
![Page 6: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Russia: Gymnasium and University Enrollments
Year Gymnasium University
1809 450
1825 7,700 1,700
1848 18,900 4,600
1854 17,800 3,600
![Page 7: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Social Composition of University (1848-49)
Social Group Number Percent
Nobility 2,506 63.6
Clergy 279 7.2
Raznochintsy 1,152 29.3
Total 3,937 100.0
![Page 8: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Moscow University: 1804 Charter
![Page 9: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
C. Religion: Orthodoxy and Dissent
1. Official Church and Popular Orthodoxy
2. Dissent: Old Believers and Sectarians
![Page 10: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Old Believer Center: Rogozhskoe Cemetery Complex (Moscow)
![Page 11: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
D. Russian National Consciousness
![Page 12: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Admiral Aleksandr S. Shishkov (1754-1841)
![Page 13: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A. N. Karamzin(1766-1826)
![Page 14: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
E. Decembrism
1. Historiography
2. Movement: overview
3. Decembrists: profile
4. “Decembrism”: liberal nationalism
5. Significance: mutual alienation
![Page 15: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Decembrist Movement: Overview
1816 SPB Union of Salvation1818 Union of Welfare1821 Northern Society1821 Southern Society1825 Society of United Slavs1825 Uprising:
14 December SPB29 December Chernigov Regiment
![Page 16: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Decembrist Uprising on Senate Square (December 1825)
![Page 17: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pavel Pestel: Pravda Russkaia (Russian Truth)
![Page 18: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sergei Murav’ev-Apostol
![Page 19: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Decembrists in Chains
![Page 20: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
5 Decembrist Martyrs:Pestel, Ryleev, Bestuzhev,
Murav’ev, Kakhovskii
![Page 21: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Decembrist Execution Site: Petropavslovskii Fortress
![Page 22: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
F. Proto-intelligentsia1. Terminology: Radicals and obshchestvo
(“educated society”)
2. Social Profile
3. “Circles” (kruzhki) of the 1830s
4. Westerner-Slavophile debate
5. Radical socialist currentsa. Herzen: Russian peasant socialism
b. Bakunin: Anarchism
c. Petrashevtsy: Utopian socialism, mass engagement
6. Russian Liberalism
![Page 23: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Radical Dissenters: Social Origins
Social Category Percent of Arrested
Nobles 80
Non-nobles 20
![Page 24: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Radical Dissenters: Social Position
Social Status Percent of Arrested
Student 49
Civil Servant 25
Writer, Artist 10
Army Officer 6
Teacher 9
Unknown 1
![Page 25: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
P. Ia. Chaadaev (1794-1856)
1836 “Philosophical
Letter”
1837 “Apology of a
Madman”
![Page 26: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Vissarion G. Belinskii (1811-1848)
![Page 27: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Konstantin Dm. Kavelin (1818-85): Westerner, Historian
![Page 28: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (1759-1859)
![Page 29: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Konstantin S. Aksakov (1817-60)
![Page 30: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Ivan S. Aksakov (1823-86)
![Page 31: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Boris Chicherin 1828-1904: Liberal Ideologist
![Page 32: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Alexander Herzen (1812-70):Russian peasant socialism
![Page 33: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Alexander Herzen & Family Estate near Moscow
![Page 34: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mikhail Bakunin, 1814-76:Anarchism
![Page 35: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Mikhail V. Petrashevskii (1821-66): Utopian socialism
![Page 36: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
6. Literature and Creative Arts
1. Why a golden age?
2. Literary giants: Griboedov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol’
3. Art: Ivanov and Venetsianov
4. Music: Glinka and Russian national opera
![Page 37: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Aleksandr Griboedov (1795-1829): “Woe of Wit” (1822-4)
![Page 38: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
A.S. Pushkin, 1799-1837
![Page 39: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hannibal and Granddaughter, Nadezhda O. Pushkina (and
Pushkin’s mother)
![Page 40: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Mikhail Iu. Lermontov (1814-41)
![Page 41: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Nikolai V. Gogol (1809-52)
![Page 42: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Aleksandr Ivanov (1806-58)
![Page 43: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Ivanov: “Appearance of Christ before the People” (1837-57)
![Page 44: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Aleksei G. Venetsianov 1780-1847
![Page 45: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Venetsianov: “Fortune-telling with cards” (1830s)
![Page 46: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Venetsianov: “In the Fields in Spring”
![Page 47: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Venetsianov, “Peasant Children” (1820s)
![Page 48: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Venetsianov, “The Reapers” (1820s)
![Page 49: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Mikhail Iv. Glinka 1804-57
![Page 50: L-14 Part III Pre-reform Russia (5) 7. Culture](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070406/568140f0550346895dacbb7d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
6. Conclusions
1. Elite identity
2. Impact of Western ideology
3. Revolutionary inaction
4. Cultural pluralism
5. Elite/narod gap