3 OLYMPIC CITIES IN THE ALPS3 OLYMPIC CITIES IN THE ALPSWhat What TorinoTorino can learn from can learn from GrenobleGrenoble and Innsbruck ?and Innsbruck ?

Prof. Prof. JeanJean--LoupLoup ChappeletChappeletIDHEAP IDHEAP SwissSwiss GraduateGraduate SchoolSchool ofof Public AdministrationPublic Administration

LausanneLausanne

LL’’EREDITA DI UN GRANDE EVENTO SPORTIVO EREDITA DI UN GRANDE EVENTO SPORTIVO PER IL TERRITORIO PER IL TERRITORIO

FondazioneFondazione SandrettoSandretto ReRe RebaudengoRebaudengo, 31 , 31 MarzoMarzo 20062006

WINTER OLYMPICS IN THE ALPSWINTER OLYMPICS IN THE ALPS

From 1924 to 2006: half of the Olympic Winter From 1924 to 2006: half of the Olympic Winter Games in the Alps (10 out of 20) Games in the Alps (10 out of 20) Only 4 out of 10 in Only 4 out of 10 in citiescities rather than winter resorts rather than winter resorts (like (like ChamonixChamonix, , St.MoritzSt.Moritz, , GarmishGarmish, , CortinaCortina……))Innsbruck 1964 and 1976Innsbruck 1964 and 1976GrenobleGrenoble 19681968TorinoTorino 200620062014 or 2018 ?2014 or 2018 ? ●

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3 CITIES IN THE ALPS3 CITIES IN THE ALPS

MilanoMilanoSalzburgSalzburgLyonLyon«« Big SisterBig Sister »»

866866’’000 000 (2(2’’216216’’000)000)

120120’’000 000 (673(673’’000)000)

170170’’000 000 (1(1’’121121’’000)000)

Inhabitants 2006Inhabitants 2006(metropolitan area)(metropolitan area)

866866’’000000100100’’000000161161’’000000Olympic Olympic InhabitantsInhabitants

238 m238 m582 m582 m212 m212 mAltitudeAltitude

ProvinciaProvinciaTyrolTyrolIsIsèèrereCapital ofCapital of

TorinoTorinoInnsbruckInnsbruckGrenobleGrenoble

30 TO 40 YEARS LATER30 TO 40 YEARS LATER……

Which legacy ?Which legacy ?

SportSportUrbanUrbanInfrastructuralInfrastructuralEconomicEconomicSocialSocial

SPORTS LEGACYSPORTS LEGACY

GrenobleGrenoble’’6868All facilities destroyed or abandoned, except 10,000All facilities destroyed or abandoned, except 10,000--seat seat PalaisPalais des Sports and small ski jump in des Sports and small ski jump in AutransAutransAlmost no other largeAlmost no other large--scale sport events after the Gamesscale sport events after the GamesNotNot a cause of the rise of crossa cause of the rise of cross--country skiing in Francecountry skiing in France

InnsbruckInnsbruck’’7676All facilities maintained/renovated and/or developedAll facilities maintained/renovated and/or developedOlympia World Innsbruck (2 ice rinks + track + stadium)Olympia World Innsbruck (2 ice rinks + track + stadium)Many largeMany large--scale sport events hosted sincescale sport events hosted since

SPORT LEGACYSPORT LEGACY

URBAN LEGACYURBAN LEGACY

GrenobleGrenoble’’6868A totally transformed city in less than 4 yearsA totally transformed city in less than 4 yearsMany new landmarks: city hall, train station, post office, Many new landmarks: city hall, train station, post office, hospital, cultural center, campus, monumental sculptureshospital, cultural center, campus, monumental sculpturesOlympic Village becomes a new town (Olympic Village becomes a new town (VilleneuveVilleneuve))

InnsbruckInnsbruck’’7676Few changes to the city structureFew changes to the city structureOlympic village is an extension of 1964 village in Olympic village is an extension of 1964 village in ArzlArzlJoint media center becomes bus depot and teaching Joint media center becomes bus depot and teaching academyacademy

URBAN LEGACYURBAN LEGACY

INFRASTRUCTURE LEGACYINFRASTRUCTURE LEGACY

GrenobleGrenoble’’6868Brand new transport infrastructures: airport, motorway, Brand new transport infrastructures: airport, motorway, roads, railwaysroads, railwaysTelecommunication networksTelecommunication networks

InnsbruckInnsbruck’’7676Some transport infrastructure improvements (bridgesSome transport infrastructure improvements (bridges……) ) (Brenner motorway to Italy already build for 1964)(Brenner motorway to Italy already build for 1964)Ski lifts, funiculars and cable cars extensionSki lifts, funiculars and cable cars extension

INFRASTRUCTURE LEGACYINFRASTRUCTURE LEGACY

ECONOMIC LEGACYECONOMIC LEGACY

GrenobleGrenoble’’6868Low tourism impact except congress tourism with new Low tourism impact except congress tourism with new AlpexpoAlpexpo exhibition center (exhibition center (DauphinDauphinéé resorts not in the resorts not in the same league as the Savoy region)same league as the Savoy region)((Re)locationRe)location of many large companies (of many large companies (HewlettPackardHewlettPackard……), ), 22ndnd largest largest technoparktechnopark in France linked to the universitiesin France linked to the universities

InnsbruckInnsbruck’’7676High tourism impact ( today 22High tourism impact ( today 22’’000 beds in 4000 beds in 4-- & 5& 5--stars stars hotels within 50 km radius)hotels within 50 km radius)Rather low industrial impactRather low industrial impact

ECONOMIC LEGACYECONOMIC LEGACY

SOCIAL LEGACYSOCIAL LEGACY

GrenobleGrenoble’’6868Few collective memory despite 1988 and 1998 Few collective memory despite 1988 and 1998 anniversaries, reputation of high local taxesanniversaries, reputation of high local taxesOlympic cauldron lost for 20 years !Olympic cauldron lost for 20 years !Population opposed to 1976, politicians thinking of 2018Population opposed to 1976, politicians thinking of 2018

InnsbruckInnsbruck’’7676Strong, proud memory revived by many sport eventsStrong, proud memory revived by many sport eventsTwin Olympic cauldrons dominate the cityTwin Olympic cauldrons dominate the cityMany want to bid again for 2002, 2006, 2014, 2018Many want to bid again for 2002, 2006, 2014, 2018……

SOCIAL LEGACYSOCIAL LEGACY

TIMES HAVE CHANGEDTIMES HAVE CHANGED

Winter Games have grown a lot (2 to 3 times bigger)Winter Games have grown a lot (2 to 3 times bigger)Larger cities, more distant venuesLarger cities, more distant venuesEnvironment is a big issueEnvironment is a big issueEconomy is not booming anymoreEconomy is not booming anymore

Or did they ?Or did they ?Strong national State involvementStrong national State involvementLooming deficits Looming deficits Feuds between OCOG and City Hall and central govt.Feuds between OCOG and City Hall and central govt.Wish to use the Games as a catalyst for developmentWish to use the Games as a catalyst for development

TORINO LEGACY ?TORINO LEGACY ?

TorinoTorino will probably experience the best of Grenoblewill probably experience the best of Grenoble’’68 :68 :Urban, infrastructural and economic legaciesUrban, infrastructural and economic legaciesThe city is being transformed, and this will probably The city is being transformed, and this will probably rejuvenate the economic environmentrejuvenate the economic environment

TorinoTorino will probably not become a winter sport city like will probably not become a winter sport city like Innsbruck with strong social legacies of the Games, but it Innsbruck with strong social legacies of the Games, but it will try to attract other major events as well as urban will try to attract other major events as well as urban touriststourists

Only the future will tell usOnly the future will tell us

3 OLYMPIC CITIES IN THE ALPS3 OLYMPIC CITIES IN THE ALPSWhat What TorinoTorino can learn from can learn from GrenobleGrenoble and Innsbruck ?and Innsbruck ?

Prof. Prof. JeanJean--LoupLoup ChappeletChappeletIDHEAP IDHEAP SwissSwiss GraduateGraduate SchoolSchool ofof Public AdministrationPublic Administration

LausanneLausanne

LL’’EREDITA DI UN GRANDE EVENTO SPORTIVO EREDITA DI UN GRANDE EVENTO SPORTIVO PER IL TERRITORIO PER IL TERRITORIO

FondazioneFondazione SandrettoSandretto ReRe RebaudengoRebaudengo, 31 , 31 MarzoMarzo 20062006