large scale fischer-tropsch diesel production
TRANSCRIPT
www.ecn.nl
Large scale Fischer-Tropsch diesel production opportunities and challenges to shift from black (coal) to green (biomass)
Robin ZwartEnergy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
5 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
biofuels
natural gas
LPG
H2
Total
2010 2015 new proposal
2020 2020
5.75% 7%
2% 5%
- 2%
8%
10%
5%
7.75% 14% 23%
15%
10%
a few %
> 30%
5%
2005
2%
2%
biofuels
natural gas
H2
Total
2010 2015 2020
5.75% 7%
2% 5%
- 2%
8%
10%
5%
7.75% 14% 23%
2005
2%
2%
10%most recent
proposal 2010
The driving force for Fischer-Tropsch diesel production EU “biofuels” Directives and Proposals
6 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
2000 2010 2020 20402030
PJ/y
40
150min
912
Biomass (required) Biofuels (required) Biomass (available)
5
75 60
450max
Biomass availability and targets in the Netherlands
912 PJ in 2030 from “Rabou, Deurwaarder, Elbersen, Scott: Biomass in the Dutch Energy Infrastructure in 2030, January 2006”
Estimated biomass import:
> 450 PJth(hence over 15 GWth )
importinevitable
7 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
16 GW of biomass?!?
50 MWth plants
600 MWth plants
8 GWth plants(commercial GtL and CtL plants)
(commercial IGCC, planned Choren plant)
(commercial CFB, Choren β-plant)
IMPLEMENTATIONVIA
LARGE-SCALE PLANTS
8 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
System line-up of Fischer-Tropsch diesel production Biomass to liquids
Gas conditioning CC
Electricity(for use in plant)
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
off-gas
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
(ultra-pure high quality designer fuel)
light product
Biosyngas
GasificationPre-treatment
Biomass
9 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
•
High temperature (typically 1300-1500°C)•
Pure oxygen•
The ashes melt: slag •
Conversion: over 99%•
Conventional technology for coal on large-scale
Large-scale implementation?Shift from large-scale black (coal) to green (biomass)
but: small fuel particles needed
Option 1: Entrained Flow gasification
10 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
[Shell] [Siemens]Buggenum, Netherlands
Freiberg, Germany
11 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
•
Low temperature (typically 800-900°C)•
Pure oxygen, steam needed as moderator•
No melting: dry ash•
Conversion: typically 95%•
Hardly any fuel size restrictions•
Technology in development
Large-scale implementation?Shift from small-scale to large-scale green (biomass)
but: gas contains too much CH4 , gas needs treatment
Option 2: Fluidised Bed gasification
12 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
VTT pilot plant, Finland
Värnamo, Sweden
GTI pilot plant, USA
13 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
Options summary
entrained flow gasifier
pre- treatment
syngasbiomass
fluidised bed gasifier
catalyticreforming
• Proven (coal)• Large scale• 20%E biomass
• Under development• Small scale
• 100%E biomass
R&D on:• milling
• torrefaction• pyrolysis
• advanced feeding
R&D on:• tar cracking• Cx Hy reforming• deactivation
time
inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty
entrained flow
fluidised bed
LONG-TERM
SHORT-TERM
14 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
SeatransportBCF ROTTERDAMHUB
FT-synthesisPulverizing
PyrolysisPulverizing
Torrefaction
CFB
PyrolysisGrinding
Grinding
Chips
Chips
Chips
Chips
Pellets
Pellets
Pellets
Slurry
Pellets
FT-product
Chips
Chips
Chips
Chips
Pellets
Pellets
Pellets
Slurry
Pellets
Chips
PelletizingPulverizingChipping
Grinding
Chipping
PyrolysisChipping Pulverizing
PelletizingChipping
Chipping PelletizingPulverizing
Chipping PelletizingPulverizing
Chipping
Chipping
Chipping
Drying(7%)ChippingR1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
R10
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
EF1300°C40 bar
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
FT-synthesis
Pulverizing
Pulverizing
Grinding
Torrefaction
Torrefaction
EF1300°C40 bar
FT-synthesisPulverizing
Drying(7%)
Drying(15%)
Drying(15%)
Drying(7%)
Drying(7%)
Drying(15%)
Drying(7%)
Drying(15%)
Drying(7%)
Landtransport
4 €/GJ wood chips ~200 PJ/y FT products
Published in Energy and Fuels, 20, 2006, pp. 2192-2197
10 casesCase study
15 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
•
O2 -blown entrained flow gasification, 40 bar
•
Fischer-Tropsch process:-
C5+ hydrocarbons are assumed to be upgraded to products
•
Power production/consumption included in cost calculations
[Shell SCGP]
Boundary conditions and assumptions (1)Case study
16 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
wood-rich region sea the Netherlands
collection facility(80x)
hub/harbour (8x)
Rotterdam (1x)
woo
d ch
ips
in c
olle
ctio
n fa
cilit
y 4
€/G
J
200 PJ/y = 2% of EU15 fuel consumption
~200
PJ/
y Fi
sche
r-Tr
opsc
h pr
oduc
ts in
Rot
terd
am
Boundary conditions and assumptions (2)Case study
18 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
•
Fischer-Tropsch products•
Wood chips
•
Wood pellets•
Wood oil/char slurry
•
Torrefied wood pellets (TOP)
TransportCase study
demolition wood
green biomass
waste
TOP fuel powder TOP fuel pellets
•
Fischer-Tropsch products•
Wood chips
•
Wood pellets•
Wood oil/char slurry
•
Torrefied wood pellets (TOP)
Publications on torrefaction (www.ecn.nl/bkm)
Combined torrefaction and pelletisation: The TOP process (ECN-C--05-073)
Torrefaction for entrained flow gasification of biomass (ECN-C--05-067)
Torrefaction for biomass upgrading (ECN-C--05-013)
19 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
wood chips 7.2 €/GJbm
wood pellets 7.3 €/GJbm
bio-slurry 7.9 €/GJbm
TOP pellets 6.7 €/GJbm
FT-products ---
wood-rich region sea the Netherlands
Resulting biomass price (€/GJbm ) at the gate of the FT plantCase study
20 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
14 €/GJdiesel = € 0.50/ltrdiesel (crude oil $ 80/barrel)
€/G
J FT
-pro
duct
s
10
15
20chips sea transport
ADVADV
TOPslurry
wood pellets sea transport
ADV
TOPslurry
slurry: pyrolysis oil/char-slurry feedingTOP: torrefied biomass powder feedingADV: “advanced”
other seatransport
TOP
slurry
FT-products
Fischer-Tropsch products costsCase study
22 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
•
the entrained flow case study:-
biomass pre-treatment can significantly improve BtL economics:
reduced transport costs overweigh additional capital costs
-
pre-treatment there (near wood source) is preferred over pre-treatment here (next to gasifier plant):
making wood pellets is worthwhile, but pyrolysis or torrefaction is more attractive, but overseas Fischer-Tropsch is favorable!
Conclusions on case study
23 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
•
large-scale BtL has two main technology options:-
entrained flow gasification of pre-treated biomass torrefaction at ECN
-
fluidised bed gasification with subsequent reforming
•
the implementation path:-
entrained flow: from coal to biomass (large-scale) NUON, Elcogas?
-
fluidised bed: from small to large (100% biomass)
•
the main technological challenges:-
entrained flow: pre-treatment part of EU FP7 proposal
-
fluidised bed: catalytic reforming
Conclusions in general
24 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
600 MWth Buggenum IGCC• Co-gasification of biomass with coal (up to 20%E )• Syngas production via Entrained Flow gasification
The largest existing biosyngas plantShort-term implementation of biosyngas
25 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
Short-term options in the NetherlandsNUON Buggenum IGCC:- Shell Entrained Flow gasifier- Startup 1993- Co-gasification up to 34%wt or 20%E of renewables - 600 MWth,input / 250 MWe, output- Currently ± 7500 hours/yr on syngas
NUON Magnum IGCC:- Copy of the Buggenum IGCC- Startup 2011- Co-gasification similar to Buggenum IGCC - 3x600 MWth,input / 750 MWe, output (+450 MWe from natural gas)- Planned > 7500 hours/yr on syngas
2011 Biobased FT diesel potential:- 7.3 PJ (based on proven co-gasification percentages)- 36.3 PJ (based on maximum capacity available)
1.8-7.2%of current
consumptionof 500 PJ
26 2nd International Freiberg Conference on IGCC & XtL technologies ( 8th - 12th May 2007 ) www.ecn.nl
For more information,please contact:
Ir. Robin Zwartphone +31 224 56 4574fax +31 224 56 8487email [email protected]
ECN Publications can be found on: www.ecn.nl/en/bkm
Visit also:
“Phyllis” - internet database for biomass, coal, and residues: www.phyllis.nl
“Thersites” – internet model for tar dewpoint calculations: www.thersites.nl
Thank you for your attention ECN