learn to read latin: ch. 11 outline

7/28/2019 Learn to Read Latin: Ch. 11 Outline

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j.chase

Learn to Read Latin: Ch. 11

104: Infinitives

Active Passive

Present

Perfect

Future

2nd PP.to ____

amre

2nd PP., change -e to (3rd conj., change -ere to)

to be ____ed

amr

3rd PP. + -isseto have ____ed

amvisse

4th PP. + esseto have been ____ed

amtus, -a, -um esse

4th PP., change -us to rus

to be about to ____

amtrus, -a, -um esse

106: Indirect Statement and the Subject Accusative Present infinitive > action simultaneous to the verb

Cgit eum carmina Vergil bene intellegere. I think that he understandsthe poems of Vergil well.

Perfect infinitive > action prior to the verb

Cgit eum carmina Vergil bene intellxisse.

I think that he understoodthe poems of Vergil well.

Future infinitive > action subsequent to the verb

Cgit eum carmina Vergil bene intellctrum esse.

I think that he will understand the poems of Vergil well.

LEARN TO READ LATIN CH. 11


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109: Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives

Comparative Degree

Form: feminine of the positive sans the ending, plus -ior, -ius

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: pulchrior(m. / f.), pulchrius (n.)

M. / F. Neut. M. / F. Neut.

Nom.

Gen.

Dat.

Acc.

Abl.

-ior -ius Nom. -irs -ira

-i ris Gen. -irum

-i r Dat. -iribus

-irem -ius Acc. -irs / -iors -ira

-ire / -ir Abl. -iribus

Superlative Degree

Form: masculine of the positive sans the ending, plus -issimus, -a, -um

If the stem ends in r, add -rimus, -a, -um

fortis, forte: fortissimus, -a, -um

Adverbs

Comparative Degree

Form: positive degree sans the ending, plus -ius

pulchr > pulchrius

Superlative Degree

Form: masculine superlative degree of the adjective sans ending, plus -

fortissumus > fortissim



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110: Irregular Comparison of Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives

Positive Comparative Superlative

bonus good melior, melius better optimus best

malus bad peior, peius worse pessimus worst

magnus great maior, maius greater maximus greatest

parvus small minor, minus smaller minimus smallest

multus much, many pls / plrs, plra more plrimus most

prior, prius earlier prmus first

Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlative

bene well melius better optim best

male badly peius worse pessimworst

magnopere greatly magis more greatly maximmost greatly

parum too little minus less minimleast, not at all

multum much pls more plrimum most

prius before, sooner prmumfirst

Vocabulary

audcia, audciaef. boldness; recklessness, audacity

campus, campm. (flat) plain

castra, castrrumn. pl. (military) camp

mrus, mrm. wall

paulum, pauln. small amount; a littlesignum, signn. sign, signal; standard

tlum, tln. spear; weapon

ignis, ignis, -iumm. fire

impertor, impertrism. commander, general

legi, leginisf. legion

lx, lcis f. light, daylight



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prm lce at daybreak

mairs, mairumm. pl. ancestors

snsus, snssm. perception, feeling; sense

arbitror, arbitrr, arbitrtus sum judge, consider, think

put, putre, putv, puttus think, suppose

sole, solre, solitus sum be accustomed

crd, crdere, crdid, crditus trust, believe (+ dat.)

iaci, iacere, ic, iactus throw; utter; lay, establish

ici, icere, ic, iectus throw out, expel

loquor, loqu, loctus sum speak

inveni, invenre, invn, inventus find, discover

sci, scre, scv / sci, sctus know

nesci, nescre, nescv / nesci, nesctus not know

pere, perre, peri, peritrus pass away, be destroyed; perish, die

longus, -a, -um long; far; long-standing; far-reaching

summus, -a, -um highest; top (of); last, final

brevis, breve short, brief

humilis, humile humble

sapins, sapientis wise

similis, simile similar (+ gen. or dat.)

dissimilis, dissimile dissimilar, unlike, different (+ gen. or dat.)

di (adv.) for a long time

igitur (postpositive conj.) therefore

long (adv.) a long way, far; by far

parum (indecl. subst.) too little, not enough (adv.) too little, inadequately

prmum (adv.) first; for the first time

quam prmum as soon as possible

quam (adv.) as, how; (conj.) than


learn to read latin: ch. 11 outline

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