HISTORY 26

Lecture Thirteen:

The Second Intermediate Period(c. 1650 - 1550 BC)

Egyptian Expansion

The End of the Middle Kingdom

Dynasty 13 (1773 - after 1650 BC)

Wegaf (Khutawyra)Sobekhotep II (Sekhemra-khutawy)Iykhernefert Neferhotep (Sankhtawy-sekhemra)Ameny-intef-amenemhat (Sankhibra)Hor (Awibra)Khendjer (Userkara)Sobekhotep III (Sekhemra-sewadjtawy)Neferhotep I (Khasekhemra)SahathorSobekhotep IV (Khaneferra)Sobekhotep VAy (Merneferra)

The Nile Delta (Lower Egypt)

Xois and Avaris– Neferhotep I

(1740 - 1729 BC)

Nubia– Sobekhotep IV

(early 16th century)

The Hyksos

Avaris and the Hyksos

Aamu, “Asiatics” (the inhabitants of Palestine and Syria generally)

Hyksos, Greek for hekau khasut, “rulers of foreign (lit. mountain) countries”

Trade and occasional military campaigns

Avaris, later the Hyksos capital (Tell el-Dab‘a)

Chronology of the Second Intermediate Period

The rulers of the 13th Dynasty at Itjtawy had lost control of the Nile Delta by around 1720 BC– Beginning of the 14th Dynasty, centered on

Xois and Avaris (1720 - 1650 BC) Around 1650 BC, Itjtawy is abandoned

– Beginning of the 15th Dynasty of Hyksos kings (1650 - 1550 BC), bounded by Cusae in the south

The 16th Dynasty is established at Thebes by native Egyptians (1650 - 1580 BC)– Replaced by the 17th Dynasty (1580 - 1550

BC)

The Hyksos Kingdom(Dynasty 15)

From Avaris inthe north to Cusae in thesouth

The Kingdom of Kush (Capital: Kerma)

The City of Kerma

The Kings of Kush

Avaris and Thebes at War(c. 1520 - 1550 BC)

Seqenenra Taa– The Hyksos king,

Apepi– Deir el-Ballas

Kamose ‘the Brave’– Buhen, Lower Nubia– Nefrusi and Bahariya

Oasis Ahmose

– Founder of the 18th Dynasty

– Heliopolis and Tell el-Habua

– Sharuhen in Palestine