CS 423 – Operating Systems Design

Lecture 24 – Introduction to Mobile OS Klara NahrstedtFall 2011

Based on slides from Andrew S. Tanenbaum textbook and other web-material (see acknowledgements)

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Overview

Administrative IssuesMP3 postedPhone Distribution HistoryOverview

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History Handheld devices evolved

First attempt – late 1980s

◦ Not much success - Apple Newton

Second attempt – mid 1990s

◦ Better success – PDAs (personal digital assistant)

◦ PDAs – electronic planners

Third attempt – late 1990s

◦ Functions of desktops started to emerge on handheld devices – multi-task, storage, communication

Forth attempt – early, mid, late 2000s

◦ Mobile phones – smart phones – whole eco-system

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Overview of Mobile OS Ecosystem Competitive Landscape

Operating Systems

◦ iPhone OS – Apple

Based on Mac OS X

◦ BlackBerry OS – RIM

◦ Windows Mobile OS - Microsoft

◦ Android OS – Google

◦ Symbian OS – Nokia

◦ Meego – Intel

◦ WebOS – HP (Palm)

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Smartphone OS Competitive Landscape (2008)

iPhone OS (Apple)

BlackBerry OS (RIM)

Window Mobile (Microsoft)

Android (Google)

Symbian (Nokia)

Platform • Closed • Closed • Open • Open • Open

Source Code • Closed • Closed • Closed • Open • Open (in future)

Q2 WW Market Share (Gartner)

• 2.8% (1) • 17.4% • 12.0% • n/a • 57.1%

Smartphone traffic share (AdMob)

• WW: 4%• US: 16%

• WW: 11%• US: 31%

• WW: 13%• US: 29%

• n/a • WW: 64%• US: 2%

Pros • Early momentum• Data hungry early

adopters• Powerful

distribution channel

• Strong reach (particularly in US)

• Manufacturer / carrier agnostic

• Manufacturer / carrier agnostic

• Open source innovation

• Massive global reach

• Open source innovation

Issues • Apple dependant • BB dependent • Distribution

• Distribution • Late to market• Uncertain

consumer demand

• Limited reach in US

• Distribution

Application ecosystem

• >3K apps (~20% free)

• More than 1M installs in only a few months

• Fewer free apps• BB Application

Center

• >18K apps• Skymarket to

launch in 2009

• Android Market announced

• $3.8MM awarded in Developer Challenge

• >10K apps• Claims >90MM

installs over last 2 years

Notes: 1. Artificially low given the wait for the 3G iPhone (5.3% market share in Q1)

6

Worldwide Smartphone Traffic Trends (2008)Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08 WW Smartphone OS Share

WW Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic

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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08

Sym bian Window s Mobile RIM Palm iPhone

15%

20%

25%

30%

May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08

Smartphone traffic (2008)

● Symbian OS with most requests

● Followed with Windows Mobile OS

● 58% Support video streaming

● 73% support video downloads

Smartphone traffic (2010)

cs423 Fall 2011Source: http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2010/03/25/smartphone-traffic-is-up-193-in-a-year/

Competitive Landscape 2010(Operating Profit)

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Source: http://blog.kunekt.com/?category_name=competitive-landscape&paged=2

Worldwide Smartphone Landscape (2010) Source: AdMob traffic

Development Interest (end of 2010)

cs423 Fall 2011http://blog.kunekt.com/?category_name=competitive-landscape

Operating System Share Worldwide (2010)

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iPhone OS (Apple)Pros:

◦ Strong user growth and data-hungry user baseMore than 10 million iPhones sold3.8% of worldwide smartphone

web/data traffic and 7.8% in US (1)◦ Application store creating a vibrant app

ecosystem with great momentumMore than 3K applications (~20%

free)More than 1 million downloads

◦ Powerful technology enablers (e.g., multi-touch, GPS, accelerometer)

Notes:1. Source: AdMob internal metrics

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iPhone OS (Apple) Issues:

◦ No Flash support◦ App approval process is largely a black-box to developers◦ Apps viewed as competitive to Apple are often shut down◦ Downloads highly dependent on “featured” or “top

download” promotion in store◦ App store is the only authorized distribution channel◦ Apple / hardware dependent

Recent news / developments:◦ NDA requirement: Apple finally removed the onerous NDA

requirement

Development resources:◦ http://developer.apple.com/iphone/index.action◦ http://iphoneincubator.com/blog/

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BlackBerry OS (RIM)Pros:

◦ Developers not limited to single distribution channel

Issues:◦ Developer momentum appears to be shifting to

iPhone◦ Only 6% of market share.◦ Application distribution more difficult today vs.

iPhone’s app store ◦ Users more email focused vs. web consuming

iPhone users◦ RIM / hardware dependent

Notes:1. Source: AdMob internal metrics

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BlackBerry OS (RIM) Recent news / developments:

◦ BlackBerry Application Center scheduled to debut w/ BlackBerry Storm OS v4.7

◦ Speculation that Storm (i.e., touchscreen iPhone competitor) will be available in November

Developer resources:◦ http://na.blackberry.com/eng/developers/◦ http://www.blackberrydeveloperconference.com/

(Oct. 20-22, Santa Clara)◦ http://crackberry.com/

Notes:1. Source: AdMob internal metrics

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Windows Phone Pros

◦ Windows Phone is the new name for Windows Mobile. Windows Mobile 6.5 was the last version before Windows Phone.

◦ Leverages well known Microsoft Products– IE 9, Mobile Office, Bing, Xbox Live, Windows

Messaging◦ Skymarket: Application Market

Issues◦ 2% of Market Share◦ Less developer enthusiasm vs. that for iPhone and Android

Developer resources:◦ http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/en-us/business/developers.mspx

Notes:1. Source: AdMob internal metrics

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Android (Google) Pros:

◦ Open source => could help accelerate pace of innovation◦ Manufacturer-independent => could help accelerate consumer adoption◦ Technology support (e.g., touchscreen, GPS, accelerometer, video and

still cameras) Issues:

◦ Late to market relative to iPhone◦ At least initially, demand is expected to trail iPhone demand

Recent news / developments:◦ 1st Android phone (T-Mobile G1) to go on sale on Oct. 22◦ Sept. ’08: Officially released v1.0 of SDK in Sept◦ Aug ’08: Awarded $3.75MM to 20 developers in the Android Developer

Challenge Developer resources:

◦ http://android-developers.blogspot.com/◦ http://code.google.com/android/documentation.html

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Symbian (Nokia) Pros

◦ Massive global reach in 2008

Used to Lead WW market with 62% of smartphone traffic (1) 57% market share of smartphones sold in Q2 ‘08

◦ Like Android, being open source could help accelerate pace of innovation◦ OV market competes with Android

Issues◦ Limited reach in the US◦ Application distribution more difficult today vs. iPhone’s app store ◦ Symbian is not designed for touchscreen devices.

Developer resources:◦ http://www.forum.nokia.com/main/resources/technologies/symbian/

Notes:1. Source: AdMob internal metrics

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Summary – Comparison of Android OS vs iPhone OS Features (1) Android OS

Internal Memory

◦ Limited internal memory

◦ Big headache because apart from photos and media content, the default memory is already limited

◦ Lots of apps in the internal memory will eventually make your phones less smart

External Memory

◦ Yes. External SD card can be inserted to store photos, media, etc.

iPhone OS

Internal Memory

◦ Good internal memory and you have choice of different internal memory sizes

External Memory

◦ No external expandable memory

◦ But no complaints here because the internal memory itself is huge and good enough

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Source: http://mymindstalk.blogspot.com/2011/02/android-vs-iphone-fair-unbiased.html

Summary (2) Android OS

File Transfer/Sync

◦ Plug and Transfer: Flash Drive mode

Hardware Design/Buttons

◦ Menu and back buttons do not always do the same thing

◦ The functionalities vary for different apps

Notifications

◦ Broadcasts: System-wide notifications and other application notifications (like a new mail/new tweet/new SMS) in cascade windows which can be pulled down to see details

◦ Register Listener, use callback to read the information

iPhone OS

File Transfer/Sync

◦ iTunes sync model – just like iPods

Hardware Design/Buttons

◦ One button – one clear function

◦ Menu and back always mean what they imply

Notifications

◦ Push notifications and individual notifications on updates

◦ Saves power. Server pushes data. No need to poll and pull data

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Reading List Metrics

◦ AdMob metrics (http://www.admob.com/s/solutions/metrics)

◦ Opera State of the Mobile Web Report (http://www.opera.com/mobile_report/)

Mobile OS introductions / summaries

◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS

◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_OS

◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobile

◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Android

◦ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_OS

Comparison / analysis

◦ http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=14142

◦ http://www.osnews.com/story/20329/SDK_Shoot-Out_Android_vs_iPhone

◦ http://weblog.infoworld.com/fatalexception/archives/2008/09/sdk_shootout_an.html

◦ http://www.alleyinsider.com/2008/10/iphone-app-store-s-brutal-reality-get-viral-or-don-t-quit-your-day-job

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