lecture 4 communication elements

8/6/2019 Lecture 4 Communication Elements

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ELEMEN KOMUNIKASI

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Take place in acontext that hasat least four

dimensions :i) Physical

- Thetangibleorconcreteenvironment

in which communication take place

eg. theroom, hallway, parketc.- Influencing yourcontents message.


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ii) Social-psychological

- Thestatusrelationships among theparticipant

- Therolesand the games that people

play

- Thecultural rolesof thesociety inwhich peoplearecommunicating.

- Thefriendlinessorunfriendliness,

formality orinformality, seriousness

orhumorousness of thesituation.


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iii) Temporal (ortime)

- The timeof day as well the time inhistory in which thecommunication

takes place.

eg. morning people.

- Messageson racial, sexual orreligiousattitudesand values would

be differently framed and responded

to in different times in history.


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iii) Cultural

- Includethe beliefs, values, and waysof behaving that areshared by a group

of peopleand passed down from one

generation to the next.

- Affect every interaction and influencewhat yousay and how yousay it.

- Intercultural isso difficult and crucial

tocommunication.


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- These dimension ofcontext interact

with oneanother.

eg. Arriving late foran appointment(temporal) might violatea

cultural rule, which might lead to

changes in thesocial

psychological context, which inturn might lead tochanges in the

physical context eg. choosing a

less intimaterestaurant foryour

lunch meeting.


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Sources - Receivers

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Messages

Noise

Source-

Encoder

Source-

Encoder

Receiver-

Decoder

Receiver-

Decoder

Channels

EffectEffect

COMMUNICATION CONTEXT


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Each person involved in communication is

both asource (speaker) and areceiver(listener).

Sending messages when youspeak, write,

gestureorsmile.

Receiving message when you listening,reading, smelling and soon.

Yourereceiving yourown messages you

hearyourself, feel yourown movements, see

many yourown gestures.


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Yourereceiving theotherpersons messages

visually, aurally, touch orsmell.

Source-ReceiverEncoding- Decoding

Encoding

- Theart ofproducing messageseg. speaking orwriting, putting your ideas

intosound wavesor intoacomputer

program.

- Speakerorwriter encoder.


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Decoding

- Theart ofreceiving messageseg. listening orreading, translating sound

wavesorwordson ascreen into ideas you

take them out ofcode.

- Listenersorreaders decoders.


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Messages& Channels

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Communication messages take many forms :

i) sensory organsii) verbal

- oral

- written eg. Using e-mail,

iii) nonverbal- eg. shake hands, smile,

the way you walk.


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Communication channel is the medium through

which the message passes. Rarely take placeonechannel; you may use

more than one different channel simultaneously.

eg. In face-to-face interaction :

i) speak & listen (vocal channel)ii) gesture & receivesignals (visual channel)

iiii) touch another(tactilechannel)

iv) emit and detect odors (olfactory channel)


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Two typesof messages :

i) Feedback messages- Throughout the listening process, a

listenergivesaspeaker feedback.

- Tells thespeakers what effect heorshe

is having on the listeners.- eg. a frown, smileetc.

- Thespeakermay adjust the messages

by strenghtening, deemphasizing, or

changing thecontent of messages.


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Cntd...Feedback messages

- The feedback you get from listening to

yourself.

eg. you hearwhat yousay.

- Five important of feedback dimensions :

i) Positive-Negative

ii) Person-Focused-Message-Focused

iii) Immediate-Delayed

iv) Low-Monitored-High-Monitored

v) Supportive-Critical


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ii) Feedforward messages

- Information you provide beforesendingyourprimary messages; it reveals

something about the messages tocome.

- Includesuch prefaceorthe tableof

contents in a book, theopening paragraphofachapter, movie previews, magazine

covers, and introductionsof publicspeech.


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CntdFeedforward messages

- Has fourmajorfunctions :i) toopen thechannelsofcommunication

ii) to preview future messages

iii) toaltercast

iv) to disclaim


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Noise

& Effect

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Noisepreventsareceiver from getting the

message which asource issending. Thereare4 typesof noises :

i) physical external interference

ii) physiological - physical barriers within the

speakeror listeneriiii) psychological - cognitiveormental

interference

iv) semantic diff erent meanings by speakeror

listener


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Communication always hassomeeffect on one

ormore persons involved in thecommunication.

eg.i) intellectual orcognitiveeffects

gaining knowledge, learn how toanalyze,

synthesize, orevaluatesomething.

ii) affectiveeffectsacquireorchange yourattitudes, beliefs,

emotionsorfeeling.

iii) psychomotoreffects

learn new bodily movements

lecture 4 communication elements

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