Elements of CommunicationChapter 2 – pages 24-49

http://w

ww

.chsrf.ca/other_documents/

cartoons/Comm

unication.jpg

Key TermsChannelConnotative meaningContextDenotative meaningFeedbackNoise

Nonverbal messages

Perception

Slang

Verbal messages

Essential Elements of Communication

1. Verbal messages

2. Nonverbal messages

3. Perception

4. Channel – HOW the message is delivered

5. Feedback

6. Context – WHERE the message is delivered

Verbal messages

Messages that use words Spoken

Includes choice of words and order of words “Can you tell me how to get to the

movie theater?” “The AMC, where do I find it?”

Verbal Messages (cont)

To communicate effectively, a person must select the most precise words to get his or her ideas across.

Who’s on first?

Listen to the following Abbot and Costello comedy sketch, and see if you can identify the names of the baseball players for the following positions-

Verbal Messages (cont)

Connotative Meanings

Some connotative meanings are shared by a culture or society Consider this: Capitalism and

democracy from American perspective

Consider this: Capitalism and democracy from _______ perspective

Connotative Meanings (cont)

Some connotative meanings vary by individuals

How do the connotative meanings of the word rose vary in these examples? When Marissa was young, her father worked

nights and rarely could make it to her dance recitals. When he could attend, he always bought her a bouquet of roses and took her to dinner to celebrate. These are some of her favorite childhood memories of her father.

Connotative Meanings (cont)

How do the connotative meanings of the word rose vary in these examples? When Arianna was 8, she was in the hospital

because of a head concussion. The doctors gave her many shots, and put her in many terrifying machines during the three days she was there. Many of her family members sent her roses and get-well cards. Now, when she sees a rose, she thinks about the shots and the machines in the hospital.

Language Evolves

Language changes over time Wet Salt

Other examples? Pejoratives?

Slang is informal language unique to a group Slang changes frequently Most difficult for non-members to

understandOther examples?

Language Evolves (cont)

New speakers bring elements of old language and add to the new

(Semi-) common words added to American English-also called loanwords Zombie (African) Tsunami (Japanese) Attorney (French) Literature (French) Ghetto (Italian)

Information from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html

Chapter 2: Day 3 – Friday, February 7th, 2014

Non-verbal Communication 1 slide of notes

Stack the deck Line up Gestures

Perceptions (if time)

Homework: If you have an iPhone, download “Oldster”. (Take a selfie, and it will age you 60 years)

Nonverbal messages

Messages without words

How do you create messages without words? Appearance Facial expressions Eye contact, posture Gestures Voice

Stack the deck

1. Give each student a playing card2. Take a card. Memorize it (# and suit). Put it in your pocket. NO ONE SEES YOUR CARD BUT YOU.3. No talking.4. Assemble into 4 groups according to suits (hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades) using nonverbal communication. 5. Once students get into those groups, they must line up in order of rank, from ace (first) to 7/8 (last). 6. The group that lines up in proper order first wins!

1st activity: Non-verbal: Without speaking at all, line up around the room in

order of youngest to oldest in class.

2nd activity: GUESSTURES Red/Black cards

Individual Perceptions

Perception – process of giving meaning to information you learn through your five senses

2 steps Something affects your senses You interpret and explain sensation

Tone changes - Individual Perceptions

You hear a friend say, “It’s about time you showed up.” He sounds like he is growling You interpret – _________

You hear a friend say, “It’s about time you showed up.” He smiles as he says it You interpret – ___________

Individual Perceptions

Each person perceives differently – You look “sick” or _______ Person A hears a joke Person B hears an insult

Three major factors influence perception Physical differences Past Experiences Present situation

Perception!

Using only your body language and how you perceive the ball, pass the ball around the room imagining it is: 100 lb weight Balloon Hot potato Puppy Newborn baby

What did this activity teach you about perception? What are the two steps to perception? What are the three things that influence it?

Individual Perceptions

Physical differences People’s senses differ

Near-sighted/far-sighted

Past experiences Cultural knowledge, things that you have done

Present situation How you feel mentally and physically

Channels of Communication

Channel – the way that a message is communicated You say something (sound) Your facial expressions (sight) Your smell (smell) {Did you remember

your deodorant today? People receive messages from this}

Giving someone a hug (touch) We rarely use taste to communicate – so

don’t go licking strangers!

Channels of Communication

People often place greater emphasis on one channel over another

Noise – anything that interferes with a listener’s ability to receive a message

Channels of Communication

Examples of noise (Internal vs. External) Daydreaming Actual noise from TV, radio, etc Reading/writing a text while someone is

speaking A headache Boredom Uncomfortable environment

Activities

Role-play various stereotypical non-verbal messages that you associate with the following people. How does each person walk or stand? Who do you think this person is trying to be? Mr. Sanders notes (Pg. 48)

Feedback

Feedback = the messages that a listener sends a speaker about how the communication is being perceived

Feedback is verbal and nonverbal

Feedback can be positive or negative

Feedback

Positive feedback Tells the speaker that the message is

being communicated clearly

Negative feedback Tells speaker that the message is unclear

Feedback

Effective communicators respond and adapt to the feedback they receive Positive feedback -> explain less, move

through material more quickly Negative feedback -> explain more, slow down

Feedback differs by culture Some cultures find it rude to make eye

contact, for example

Feedback

Self-Feedback Being aware of your behavior, and

adjusting your actions Examples: Feel like you’re talking too

much

Context

The setting and people that surround a message Helps reveal message’s real meaning Setting – how does the time, location, and

occasion affect the message? Dad has been working late this week, and not getting

enough sleep. He comes home really late one night and yells at your younger brother for not tying his shoes, even though your brother doesn’t know how to tie his shoes. The time and the occasion help you to understand that Dad is upset because it’s late and he’s tired, not because he’s really mad at your brother.

Context

People are part of context

Who you are talking to, and who is around when you are talking, will influence what you say and how you say it.

In what situations do actions speak louder than words?