lecture connections 3 | basic principles of heredity © 2009 w. h. freeman and company
TRANSCRIPT
LECTURE CONNECTIONS
3 | Basic Principles of Heredity © 2009 W. H. Freeman and Company
Chapter 3 Outline
• 3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity, 44
• 3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance, 47
• 3.3 Dihybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Independent Assortment, 57
• 3.4 Observed Ratios of Progeny May Deviate from Expected Ratios by Chance, 62
3.1 Gregor Mendel Discovered the Basic Principles of Heredity
• Gregor Mendel and his success in genetics
• Genetic Terminology
• What Monohybrid Crosses Reveal
• Predicting the Outcomes of Genetic Crosses
• The Testcross
• Incomplete Dominance
• Genetic Symbols
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
• Conclusion 1: One character is encoded by two genetic factors.
• Conclusion 2: Two genetic factors (alleles) separate when gametes are formed.
• Conclusion 3: The concept of dominant and recessive traits.
• Conclusion 4: Two alleles separate with equal probability into the gametes.
Monohybrid cross: cross between two parents that differ in a single characteristic
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
• Principle of segregation: (Mendel’s first law)Each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic. These two alleles segregate when gametes are formed, and one allele goes into each gamete.
• The concept of dominance: When two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait encoded by one of them – the “dominant” allele – is observed in the phenotype.
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
• Relating Genetic Crosses to Meiosis
• Chromosome theory of heredity
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
• Predicting the outcomes of genetics crosses
• The Punnett square
3.2 Monohybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Segregation and the Concept of Dominance
• The Testcross
• Incomplete Dominance
• Ratios in Simple Crosses
3.3 Dihybrid Crosses Reveal the Principle of Independent Assortment
• Dyhybrid Crosses• The Principle of Independent Assortment• Relating the Principle of Independent
Assortment to Meiosis• Applying Probability and the Branch Diagram to
Dihybrid Crosses• Dihybrid Testcross