Lecture Exam #1

Bi 10, September 27, 2013

Agenda

•Administrative Stuff•Rules + Format•Multiple Choice Section•One-Word Answer Section• Free Response Section•Wrap-up

Rules and Format• Closed book, no collaboration• No talking or phone use –

talking/phone use/cheating is grounds for a zero grade

• Raise a hand and ask if you need clarification

• Answers will be on index cards. At the end of the test, put your cards in your envelope, seal it, and write your name on it.

Card Format• Write your name on your first

index card and number it from 1 to 20. You will be putting letters next to each number.

• Example: 1. A 2. B and C 3. C

etc.

Question 1Which of the following is/are

shared by all living organisms? Choose all that apply.

A) MitochondriaB) Cell wallsC) The electron transport chainD) Cell membranesE) DNA

Question 2During glycolysis, which of the

following does not occur?A) A six-carbon sugar is

broken into two three-carbon pieces.

B) ATP is converted into ADP.

C) Oxygen and hydrogen are converted into water.

D) ADP is converted into ATP.

E) NAD+ is converted into NADH.

Question 3Which of the following is NOT a

step of the scientific method? (Choose one:)

A) ObservationB) QuestionC) HypothesisD) DeductionE) Experiment

Question 4How many valence electrons does oxygen have?

A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4E) 5F) 6G) 7H) 8

Question 5Most of the dry mass of this cactus

plant comes from… (choose only one)

A) Energy from the sun

B) Gas from the airC) Minerals from the

soilD) Organic nutrients

from the soil

Question 6Artificial respiration can be used to

help a patient’s cells get more oxygen. Would this cure victims of cyanide poisoning? Why or why not?A) Yes, because extra

oxygen would let their cells perform aerobic respiration normally.

B) Yes, because cyanide paralyzes the diaphragm.C) No, because cyanide prevents the electron transport chain from giving electrons to oxygen.

D) No, because cyanide only blocks glycolysis, which doesn’t need oxygen to harvest energy.

Question 7Cells in mushrooms are often

dikaryotic. Based on the parts that make up this vocab word, a dikaryotic cell must have…

A) No nucleusB) One nucleusC) No mitochondriaD) Two mitochondriaE) Two nuclei

Question 8Which of the following elements

are found in DNA? Choose ALL THAT APPLY.

A) OxygenB) SulfurC) Carbon

D) PhosphorusE) CalciumF) Hydrogen

Question 9Which of the following is NOT a

function of proteins?A) To lower activation energy in

chemical reactionsB) To provide structural supportC) To drive muscle contraction

D) To code for RNA in the nucleusE) To store amino acids for future

use

Question 10An alpha helix of protein is shown at

right. Which of the following statements is false? (Choose only one.)

A) This helix is an example of tertiary protein structure.

B) This kind of helix is found in the proteins that make up hair.

C) Covalent peptide bonds hold together the monomers of the helix.

D) Hydrogen bonds give this helix its shape.

Question 11Which of the following statements

about the ovarian cycle is false? Choose one:

A) Birth control pills can stop menstruation by preventing a drop in progesterone.

B) Estrogen and progesterone, hormones that control the ovarian cycles, are lipid steroid hormones.

C) Pre-menopausal women usually release one egg each month if not on birth control.

D) The breakdown of the lining of the uterus is triggered by an increase in estrogen.

Question 12What does this diagram show? (Choose one)

A) An enzyme can help make a chemical reaction possible.

B) Energy can be destroyed by enzymes.

C) Lipids convert reactants into products.D) Carbohydrates are low in energy.

Question 13Cellulases are enzymes found in wood-

digesting organisms. Based on what you know, which of the following statements about cellulases is false? (Choose only one:)

A) Cellulases lower the activation energy needed to break down cellulose.

B) The products of digestion using cellulases are sugars.

C) Cellulases are responsible for the dehydration of cellulose.

D) Cellulases help hydrolysis of a polymer occur.

Question 14One row of the following table contains

a mistake. Which row is it – A, B, C, or D?

Row Type of moleculeExample of monomer

Example of polymer

A Carbohydrate Glucose Starch

B Protein Enzyme Polypeptide

C LipidNot a

monomer or polymer

Not a monomer or polymer

D Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA

Question 15

X

X

Y

Consider this diagram of the phospholipid bilayer. Are the regions labeled X and Y hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A) X is hydrophilic; Y is hydrophobic.

B) X and Y are both hydrophilic.

C) X is hydrophobic; Y is hydrophilic.

D) X and Y are both hydrophobic.

Question 16The pesticide called “1080” (shown below)

stops the citric acid cycle. Which of the following might plausibly happen to cells poisoned with 1080? (Choose one.)

A) They produce more ATP, more NADH, and more CO2.

B) They produce less ATP, less NADH, and less CO2.

C) They produce less ATP, more NADH, and less CO2.

D) They produce less ATP, less NADH, and more CO2.

Question 17Which of the following is statements about

eukaryotic cells is true? Choose only one.

A) All eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis.

B) A eukaryotic cell is like a simple “bag” of fluid, with no other membranes inside of it.

C) Organizing the functions of a cell into organelles makes chemical reactions more efficient.

D) Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

E) Bacteria are eukaryotic cells.

Question 18Which of the statements below correctly

describe this diagram from your text? Choose all that apply.

A) Sodium is being oxidized.

B) Sodium is being reduced.

C) Chlorine is being oxidized.

D) Chlorine is being reduced.

Question 19Which of the following is true of fast twitch

muscle fibers? (Choose only one.)

A) They are mostly used in extended endurance sports, such as long-distance running or swimming.

B) They contain more blood vessels than slow twitch muscle.

C) They need more oxygen than slow twitch muscle.

D) They perform lactic acid fermentation.

E) They perform alcohol (ethanol) fermentation.

Question 20Which of the following statements about energy

and/or entropy is false?

A) Entropy always increases over time; energy is converted from more useful forms to less useful (organized) forms.

B) Energy can be created by eating food.C) Burning a gram of sugar releases more

chemical energy than burning a gram of TNT. D) Chemical energy can be considered a form

of potential energy.E) Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 21

Answer in one word.

Where in our cells does the electron transport chain occur?

Question 22

Answer in one or two words.

Is lactose a carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, or protein? Choose one.

Question 23

Answer in one word.

What do you call a substance that prevents a solution’s pH from rising or falling easily?

Question 24

Answer in one word.

Name an example of a eukaryotic organism.

Question 25

Answer in one or two words.

Are triglycerides a kind of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid? Choose one.

Question 26

Answer in one word.

Are triglycerides a kind of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, or nucleic acid? Choose one.

Question 27

Answer in one word.

What ion does pH measure the concentration of?

Free Response 1

Name five different structures found in eukaryotic cells and tell me their functions. Be specific!

Free Response 2

Draw an electron shell diagram for

Chlorine (Cl).

Free Response 3Draw a clearly labeled diagram

illustrating the electron transport chain. Be sure to show all of the following:

• Transfer of electrons, including• Where the electrons come from• Where the electrons end up

• The movement of H+

• Where ATP is made• Any relevant membranes