lecture1 intro to abap

8/6/2019 Lecture1 Intro to ABAP

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Lesson 1: Introduction toABAP OBJECTS

Todd A. Boyle, Ph.D.St. Francis Xavier University


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Section Report

Develop a simple report that will accept two

numbers from the user and display the sumof the two numbers on a report.


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Wha t is ABAP OBJECTS?

Advanced Business Application

P rogramming. Previously known as ABAP /4 . Since renamed to ABAP OBJECTS .

W hy do we need to develop ABAPapplications in SAP R/3?


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Why use ABAP?

ABAP OBJECTS is the programming

language SAP developers use to buildtransactions and reports and customize SAPR/3.The main purpose of ABAP OBJECTS is to

provide additional functionality to existingSAP applications.W e do not use ABAP OBJECTS to developcustom applications from scratch.


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Using t h e ABAP Editor


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Defining a progr am

REPORT program name.

The REPORT command has various featuresto format output to the screen or printer. W ewill discuss these features later.program name must start with a Z. You can also use a Y, but Z is used far more

often.


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Co mm enting your code

It is expected that you will have sufficient

comments in all the ABAP OBJECTSprograms you write. Why ? It is EXPECTED of all PROFESS IONAL software

developers.

Due to the high turnover rate of SAP R/3 & ABAPOBJECTS consultants, other people may bestuck maintaining your program.


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Adding co mm ents inABAP OBJECTS

To comment an entire line use an asterisks (*).

* This program will


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Adding co mm ents in ABAP

To comment part of a line use the double quote

( )

T h is st a te m ent will.


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Va riab les a nd Const a nts

W e have given the program a name and

added a description of the program in thecomments.

To manipulate and gather data for processing we need variables, records, andconstants.


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Va riab les in ABAP

MU ST be declared before they are used.

Can be declared anywhere in the program,BU T for consistency they should be declaredat the beginning of a program or subroutine.Begin each variable with a letter and then amixture of letters and numbers


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Va riab les

U se the underscore ( _) to separate distinct

words.DO NOT use the hyphen ( -). This has aspecial purpose that we will discuss later.NO reserved words (the same name as an

ABAP command).


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Va riab les

V ariables defined at the program level are

considered global.V ariables in defined in a subroutine arevisible only to the subroutine.


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Decl a ring v a riab les

DATA var[(LENGTH)] [TYPE type]

[DEC IM ALS number] [ V ALU E initial value]var is the name of the variable[(length)] is the size of the variableTYPE is the type of variable. The possibledata types for variables in ABAP are:


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Decl a ring Va riab les: Ex am ple 1

Declare a variable that will hold a persons

job title.It should be 10 characters in length and beinitialize to M ANAGER.

DATA JOB_T ITLE (10) TYPE C V ALU EM ANAGER.


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Declare a variable to hold the employee ID

number.W hen we declare a variable of type I (i.e.,Integer) we do not specify the variable size.

DATA E M P_ ID TYPE I.


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Declare a variable to store the persons date

of birth.Initialize the variable to December 31, 1900.

DATA DATE_OF_B IRTH TYPE D V ALU E19001231.


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DATA var[(LENGTH)] [TYPE type]

[DEC IM ALS number] [ V ALU E initial value] The DEC IM AL is the number of decimal places

for the packed decimal type.

The size of the field = digits before the

decimal + digits after the decimal. IF A F IELD HAS 6 D IG ITS BEFORE THE DEC IM AL AND 2

DIG ITS AFTER , THEN IT MU ST BE DECLARED AS AS IZE 8.

Decl a ring Va riab les: Deci ma l Type


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Decl a ring Va riab les: Deci ma l Type

Declare a variable that will store the

employee income.It is comprised of 8 digits before the decimalpoint and 2 digits following it.Initialize the variable to 1 DOLLAR.


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Answer

DATA E M P_ INCO M E (10) TYPE P

DEC IM ALS 2 V ALU E 1.00.


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Const a nts

Data that does not change its value during

program execution.Defined the same as DATA variables.Example: CONSTANTS PLANT_N UM TYPE I V ALU E

6523.


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Run -tim e P a r am eters

Allows the user to pass data to the program at

run time. At run time, the default SAP R/3 screen will bedisplay with the parameters you have coded.PARA M ETERS parameter name TYPE type.


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Run -tim e P a r am eters

If we wanted the user to enter an

employee ID. PARA M ETERS E M P_ ID TYPE I.The parameter name is limited to 8

characters.For the lesson example, the input screenwould look like this:


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Ex am ple Progr am

Let us review what we covered so far, by

examining the simple ABAP calculator program.

ZW SCALC


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ABAP OBJECTS St a te m ents

ABAP OBJECTS does not care where a

statement begins on a line.However, to ensure programprofessionalism, you should indent sectionsof code for readability.

You can easily do this using PRETTYPR INTER.


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ABAP OBJECTS St a te m ents

M ultiple statements can be placed on a

single line. To improve readability, this is notrecommended.Blank lines can be placed anywhere in theprogram and should be used to improve

readability. ALL ABAP OBJECTS statements (except

comments) must end with a period ( .).


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Coding St a te m ents

W e will now discuss how to display data

including: M oving data into a variable M oving data between variables Performing basic computations

W riting data to the report/screen Coding your first complete ABAP OBJECTS

program.


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MOVE

M ove data into or between variables is done

using the M O V E statement. There are twoforms of the M OV E statement.

M OV E value TO var var = value


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Moving v a lues into a va riab le

M OV E 10 TO PERSON_AGE.

OR

PERSON_AGE = 10.


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Moving d a ta fro m oneva riab le to a not h er

M ove the contents of PERSON_AGE to

DISPLAY_AGE:

M OV E PERSON_AGE TO D ISPLAY_AGE or

DISPLAY_AGE = PERSON_AGE.


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Co m put a tions

CO M P U TE variable = expression.

CO M P U TE is optional.

ADD value TO variable.S U BTRACT value FRO M variable.MU LT IPLY variable BY value.DIV IDE variable BY value.


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Co m put a tions

CO M P U TE INCO M E_TAX =

GROSS_ INCO M E * TAX_RATE.

ADD 1 TO REC_CO U NTER

MU LT IPLE GROSS_ INCO M E BYTAX_RATE. ( W hat is the problem with this?)


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Outputting text

To output data to the screen, we use the

write command.

W R ITE text. W R ITE field name.


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WRITE

W R ITE Boyle.

W R ITE LAST_NA M E.Some of the basic write options include:: = groups of text, variables.

/ = break to a new lineW R ITE: /, F IRST_NA M E, LAST_NA M E.


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Write: Outputting groups of text

If we wanted to write the following:W eekly Sales Total: 13456.32

W e could code:W R ITE CON_SALE_HEADER.W R ITE W _SALES_TOT.

ORW R ITE : CON_SALE_HEADER, W _SALES_TOT.


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Write: Bre ak ing to a new line

W R ITE HELLO.

W R ITE W ORLD.

would give us:

HELLO W ORLD


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Write: Bre ak ing to a new line

W hat if we want the text on two separate lines?W

e use a / following theW

RITEW R ITE / HELLO.

W R ITE / W ORLD.

W e can combine both grouping and breaking:

W R ITE : /, CON_SALE_HEADER, W _SALES_TOT.


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Review

Let us finish the calculator program.

ZW SCALC

M odify the program to accept four numbers from the

user and calculate and display the average. Instead of retyping the program you can create a copy of it.


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Answer to t h eAver a ge Report Progr am

ZWSCALCA VG


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Exercises

INCLASS11

INCLASS12

lecture1 intro to abap

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