Life of the ProphetLife of the ProphetPart 4Part 4

11stst to 2 to 2ndnd Year of Year of HijrahHijrahProphet Muhammad (pbuh)Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

53-55 yrs53-55 yrsFebruary 13, 2011February 13, 2011

Intermediate ReligionIntermediate ReligionBy: Sarah KassimBy: Sarah Kassim

BUT THE DISBELIEVERS BUT THE DISBELIEVERS WON'T LEAVE THEM WON'T LEAVE THEM

ALONE ALONE The Muslims, having freedom of worship at The Muslims, having freedom of worship at last, were full of enthusiasm. last, were full of enthusiasm.

The Jewish tribes in Medina were very The Jewish tribes in Medina were very influential and strong as a group at that time, influential and strong as a group at that time, and they welcomed the Prophet at first. and they welcomed the Prophet at first.

The treaty called solemnly for the defense of The treaty called solemnly for the defense of each other's people against attacks from each other's people against attacks from outside force.  It was a mutual defense outside force.  It was a mutual defense agreement or a treaty for:agreement or a treaty for: the protection of life, the protection of life, the protection of property, the protection of property, the protection of women and liberty, and the protection of women and liberty, and the guarantee of peace. the guarantee of peace.

            The treaty gave the Muslims a welcome The treaty gave the Muslims a welcome feeling of security and strength. feeling of security and strength. 

TREATY BETWEEN TREATY BETWEEN MUSLIMS AND JEWISH MUSLIMS AND JEWISH

TRIBESTRIBES There were three Jewish tribes in Medina.  They There were three Jewish tribes in Medina.  They

were affluent, controlling the area financially, were affluent, controlling the area financially, and looked upon as a powerful body and a local and looked upon as a powerful body and a local might. might.

They were Benu Qainuqaa', Benu Nadheer, and They were Benu Qainuqaa', Benu Nadheer, and Benu Quraidha. Benu Quraidha.

They lived off the local warring Arabic tribes by They lived off the local warring Arabic tribes by lending at high interest rate, inciting or subtly lending at high interest rate, inciting or subtly encouraging discord. encouraging discord.

At first the Jewish tribes looked upon the At first the Jewish tribes looked upon the Muslims favorably and signed treaties of mutual Muslims favorably and signed treaties of mutual defense with them.  Soon after, however, they defense with them.  Soon after, however, they changed their ways and became adversaries to changed their ways and became adversaries to Muhammad (pbuh) and the Muslims.Muhammad (pbuh) and the Muslims.

Quraish will not Give UpQuraish will not Give Up Medina was near this highway, so the Medina was near this highway, so the

caravans were a fairly easy target for caravans were a fairly easy target for the Muslims.  Not only that, but the the Muslims.  Not only that, but the caravans had also become a means of caravans had also become a means of challenge.  Quraish wanted to challenge.  Quraish wanted to challenge the Prophet and the challenge the Prophet and the Muslims.  They wanted to keep Muslims.  They wanted to keep reminding the Muslims that Quraish reminding the Muslims that Quraish was still alive and well, dominant and was still alive and well, dominant and strong, and that it was still a grave strong, and that it was still a grave threat to the Muslims threat to the Muslims

AT THE SAME TIMEAT THE SAME TIME             More Revelations kept coming to Prophet More Revelations kept coming to Prophet

Muhammad (pbuh) and the Muslims were taught, Muhammad (pbuh) and the Muslims were taught, lovingly, diligently and regularly by the Messenger lovingly, diligently and regularly by the Messenger of Allah, himself, no less.of Allah, himself, no less.

One Revelation was in regard to fasting, which One Revelation was in regard to fasting, which became obligatory during the month of became obligatory during the month of Ramadhan.Ramadhan.

Another Revelation was in regard to Zakat, which Another Revelation was in regard to Zakat, which laid the foundation of the finance of the Muslim laid the foundation of the finance of the Muslim Ummah (society).Ummah (society).

Also, after a specific Revelation, the Muslims Also, after a specific Revelation, the Muslims started to pray toward the Ka'ba rather than started to pray toward the Ka'ba rather than toward Jerusalem, as they used to do before.  As a toward Jerusalem, as they used to do before.  As a result, the Ka'ba in Mecca became the focus, the result, the Ka'ba in Mecca became the focus, the focus toward which every Muslim turns when he focus toward which every Muslim turns when he prays, no matter where he happens to be in the prays, no matter where he happens to be in the world.world.

A'ISHA BECOMES A A'ISHA BECOMES A WIFE WIFE

Muhammad (pbuh) had been a widower Muhammad (pbuh) had been a widower for some time and he lived at home for some time and he lived at home with Fatima, his last unmarried with Fatima, his last unmarried daughter, and his beloved Ali. daughter, and his beloved Ali.

A'isha was the daughter of Abu Bakr.  A'isha was the daughter of Abu Bakr.  She was in her early teens, vivacious, She was in her early teens, vivacious, jubilant, happy, and cheerful.  She jubilant, happy, and cheerful.  She became the Prophet's wife after a long became the Prophet's wife after a long engagement. engagement.

The Prophet (pbuh) was 54 years old The Prophet (pbuh) was 54 years old when he married A'isha.  Khadija, his when he married A'isha.  Khadija, his first wife, had died five years earlier. first wife, had died five years earlier.

PROBLEMS FACING PROBLEMS FACING Prophet MUHAMMAD Prophet MUHAMMAD

(pbuh) (pbuh) AT THIS PERIOD AT THIS PERIOD

The disbelievers of Mecca (Quraish) and The disbelievers of Mecca (Quraish) and others. others.

The Jewish tribes in Medina and their The Jewish tribes in Medina and their scheming. scheming.

The disbelievers of Medina and The disbelievers of Medina and surrounding area. surrounding area.

Directing a fast budding Muslim Directing a fast budding Muslim Ummah:  Administration, decisions, Ummah:  Administration, decisions, formatting, and shaping it according to formatting, and shaping it according to the Islamic Shari'ah the Islamic Shari'ah

Quraish FearsQuraish Fears Two years passed since the emigration of Two years passed since the emigration of

the Prophet from Mecca to Medina.the Prophet from Mecca to Medina. During these two years serious problems During these two years serious problems

faced the disbelievers of Quraish, it was faced the disbelievers of Quraish, it was a fast increase in the number of converts a fast increase in the number of converts to Islam.to Islam.

This meant a serious threat to the social This meant a serious threat to the social relations of the Meccans and power.relations of the Meccans and power.

Another problem feared by Quraish was Another problem feared by Quraish was the success of the Prophet making the success of the Prophet making treaties with the local tribes in Medina.treaties with the local tribes in Medina.

Abu SufyanAbu Sufyan’’s Caravans Caravan Abu Sufyan, a self-appointed en enemy of Islam, Abu Sufyan, a self-appointed en enemy of Islam,

was to lead one of the biggest caravans in the was to lead one of the biggest caravans in the area.area.

The caravan was headed towards Syria and was The caravan was headed towards Syria and was well supplied with guards, guides, rich with well supplied with guards, guides, rich with merchandise and consisted of a large number of merchandise and consisted of a large number of camels.camels.

Learning of such a caravan belonging to the Learning of such a caravan belonging to the enemy, the Prophet took the challenge and enemy, the Prophet took the challenge and wanted to scare and confuse those involved in wanted to scare and confuse those involved in such a caravan.such a caravan.

The move was to late and the caravan was able to The move was to late and the caravan was able to escape Medina without a scratch.escape Medina without a scratch.

As the caravan was heading back to Mecca from As the caravan was heading back to Mecca from Syria, Abu Sufyan became wary.Syria, Abu Sufyan became wary.

As Abu Sufyan learned that the Prophet along As Abu Sufyan learned that the Prophet along with three hundred Muslims were moving quickly with three hundred Muslims were moving quickly towards the caravan, he was able to quickly towards the caravan, he was able to quickly redirect it to a safer route.redirect it to a safer route.

Abu Sufyan Spreads Abu Sufyan Spreads NewsNews Nervous and short-breathed Abu Sufyan shares Nervous and short-breathed Abu Sufyan shares

the news with the Meccans (Quraish) and they the news with the Meccans (Quraish) and they become furious and can not believe.become furious and can not believe.

Like Abu Sufyan, Abu Jahl was also a power Like Abu Sufyan, Abu Jahl was also a power hungry and self-appointed leader of opposition, hungry and self-appointed leader of opposition, and a serious enemy of Islam.and a serious enemy of Islam.

When he hears the news, he right away urges When he hears the news, he right away urges combat.combat.

The Meccans mobilized a army of one thousand The Meccans mobilized a army of one thousand fighters, force well supplied with arms (swords, fighters, force well supplied with arms (swords, shields (700 fighters were on camels and 300 shields (700 fighters were on camels and 300 were on horses).were on horses).

They all marched towards Medina and stopped They all marched towards Medina and stopped at a place called BADR.at a place called BADR.

When they reached Badr, good news was When they reached Badr, good news was received and that was that the large caravan was received and that was that the large caravan was safe.safe.

Abu Jahl Insisted on Not Abu Jahl Insisted on Not ReturningReturning

Abu Jahl insisted on not returning;Abu Jahl insisted on not returning;He said, He said, ““ WE WILL CAMP FOR THREE WE WILL CAMP FOR THREE DAYS. WE WILL SLAUGHTER DAYS. WE WILL SLAUGHTER CAMELS, FEAST, GET DRUNK, CAMELS, FEAST, GET DRUNK, AND BE ENTERTAINED BY AND BE ENTERTAINED BY MUSICIANS. ALL THE ARABS MUSICIANS. ALL THE ARABS WILL HEAR ABOUT US, AND WILL HEAR ABOUT US, AND THEY WILL GET AFRAID OF US THEY WILL GET AFRAID OF US FOREVER AFTERWARDS.FOREVER AFTERWARDS.””

Muslims Take the Muslims Take the ChallengeChallenge

When the Muslims could not intercept When the Muslims could not intercept the caravan of Abu Sufyan, they heard the caravan of Abu Sufyan, they heard of Abu Jahlof Abu Jahl’’s big army moving towards s big army moving towards them.them.

After discussing this matter with the After discussing this matter with the Muslims, the Prophet got a unanimous Muslims, the Prophet got a unanimous approval for taking the challenge.approval for taking the challenge.

The Muslims marched towards Badr.The Muslims marched towards Badr. It was winter time, the weather was It was winter time, the weather was

fairly cold, dreary and rainy.fairly cold, dreary and rainy.

At BadrAt Badr

The Muslims so small in number (313 men, 70 The Muslims so small in number (313 men, 70 camels, and no more than 2 horses, little camels, and no more than 2 horses, little arms, mainly swords and little armor and arms, mainly swords and little armor and shields), ragged, not well armed and settled shields), ragged, not well armed and settled at the lower part of the ground made Quraish at the lower part of the ground made Quraish feel so strong and excited.feel so strong and excited.

Quriash laughed at the Muslims with scom, Quriash laughed at the Muslims with scom, and thought; and thought; ““LET HIM CALL HIS LORD, LET US SEE IF HIS LET HIM CALL HIS LORD, LET US SEE IF HIS LORD WILL SAVE HIM AND HIS COMPANIONS.LORD WILL SAVE HIM AND HIS COMPANIONS.””

They said this mockingly to themselves. They said this mockingly to themselves.

ProphetProphet’’s Reaction of s Reaction of Both SideBoth Side

After seeing the extreme difference between After seeing the extreme difference between the two sides, the Prophet became worried, the two sides, the Prophet became worried, very concerned and anxiety overtook him.very concerned and anxiety overtook him.

The forces were very unequal, not only in The forces were very unequal, not only in number but in arms too.number but in arms too.

The Prophet was at his tent, prayed and kept The Prophet was at his tent, prayed and kept praying over and over again, from the bottom praying over and over again, from the bottom of his heart.of his heart.

““OO ’’ ALLAH! QURAISH HAS COME WITH ALLAH! QURAISH HAS COME WITH THEIR FRIENDS TO BELIE YOUR THEIR FRIENDS TO BELIE YOUR MESSENGER.MESSENGER.OO ’’ALLAH! WE NEED YOUR HELP WHICH ALLAH! WE NEED YOUR HELP WHICH YOU HAVE PROMISED.YOU HAVE PROMISED.OO ’’ALLAH! SHOULD THIS SMALL BAND OF ALLAH! SHOULD THIS SMALL BAND OF OURS PERISH, THERE WOULD BE NONE TO OURS PERISH, THERE WOULD BE NONE TO WORSHIP YOU.WORSHIP YOU.””

Answered PrayersAnswered Prayers The Prophet so deep in his prayers that a The Prophet so deep in his prayers that a

slight nap overtook him.slight nap overtook him. Once awake, he was seen happy and Once awake, he was seen happy and

cheerful.cheerful. He came out with the glad tiding; He came out with the glad tiding; ““Allah Allah

had answered his prayer. The Muslims had answered his prayer. The Muslims would be victorious in the battle ahead. would be victorious in the battle ahead. He who would be killed, however, will be He who would be killed, however, will be honored with heavens.honored with heavens.””

It was the 17It was the 17thth of Ramadhan and the of Ramadhan and the Muslims were fasting.Muslims were fasting.

The Fight Breaks OutThe Fight Breaks Out Ali (the beloved cousin of the Prophet), Hamza Ali (the beloved cousin of the Prophet), Hamza

(his Uncle) and Ubaida (a relative of his), were (his Uncle) and Ubaida (a relative of his), were called upon for a duel by Utcalled upon for a duel by Ut’’ba, Shaiba and ba, Shaiba and Waleed (these three were exceptional fighters of Waleed (these three were exceptional fighters of Quraish and were highly respected for their Quraish and were highly respected for their power and prestige).power and prestige).

The Muslims concentrated on the leaders of The Muslims concentrated on the leaders of Quraish with the encouragement from the Quraish with the encouragement from the Prophet (pbuh).Prophet (pbuh).

Abu Jahl, the enemy of Islam, though heavily Abu Jahl, the enemy of Islam, though heavily protected with armour was fatally wounded, fell protected with armour was fatally wounded, fell off his horse, in severe shock and was covered off his horse, in severe shock and was covered with blood to have slow agonizing death.with blood to have slow agonizing death.

Bilal, previously a slave, was able to finish off his Bilal, previously a slave, was able to finish off his former master Ibn Khalaf.former master Ibn Khalaf.

The Muslims pressed relentlessly so, and The Muslims pressed relentlessly so, and accomplished the seemingly impossible, 11 out accomplished the seemingly impossible, 11 out of the 14 leaders of Quraish were killed.of the 14 leaders of Quraish were killed.

Battle of Badr ContinuedBattle of Badr Continued

The three Muslims stood out as a shining The three Muslims stood out as a shining example not only for their tremendous example not only for their tremendous fighting skills, but their courage.fighting skills, but their courage.

These three were, Ali, Hamza and Abu These three were, Ali, Hamza and Abu Dajana.Dajana.

Ali, was 25 years old.Ali, was 25 years old. 70 people from the enemies side were 70 people from the enemies side were

killed, more than 30 of them were killed by killed, more than 30 of them were killed by Ali.Ali.

The Muslims side only lost 6 people.The Muslims side only lost 6 people.

News of Muslims Win News of Muslims Win Spreads to MeccaSpreads to Mecca

The Pagans of Quraish entered The Pagans of Quraish entered Mecca with shame, disgrace, gloomy Mecca with shame, disgrace, gloomy and depressed.and depressed.

The mood was gloomy, ugly and the The mood was gloomy, ugly and the women became intensely unhappy.women became intensely unhappy.

Abu Lahab DiesAbu Lahab Dies When Abu Lahab first heard the news of When Abu Lahab first heard the news of

the Meccan defeat at Badr he simply the Meccan defeat at Badr he simply denied it, he did not believe it. denied it, he did not believe it.

He thought such thing could not He thought such thing could not possible happen.possible happen.

It shattered him to pieces and crushed It shattered him to pieces and crushed him psychologically, soon after he got him psychologically, soon after he got sick and died.sick and died.

Abu Lahab and Abu Jahl were Uncles of Abu Lahab and Abu Jahl were Uncles of the Prophet, one died during the battle the Prophet, one died during the battle of Badr and the other soon after.of Badr and the other soon after.

Ali Becomes A HusbandAli Becomes A Husband

Ali, the ProphetAli, the Prophet’’s (pbuh) beloved cousin, was s (pbuh) beloved cousin, was in his mid-twenties, handsome, masculine and in his mid-twenties, handsome, masculine and strong.strong.

His wife was the lovely and charming His wife was the lovely and charming daughter of the Prophet (pbuh).daughter of the Prophet (pbuh).

She earned a special honor, labeled by the She earned a special honor, labeled by the Prophet (pbuh), Prophet (pbuh), ““the Queen of the women of the Queen of the women of the world.the world.””

Ali and Fatima lived happy with each other Ali and Fatima lived happy with each other and their house was the focus of the spiritual and their house was the focus of the spiritual goodness. goodness.

During This PeriodDuring This Period

Eid-Prayers and Eid Zakat were Eid-Prayers and Eid Zakat were instituted during this period.instituted during this period.

Islam and Muslims had become Islam and Muslims had become more of a center of attention than more of a center of attention than ever before.ever before.

Badr and the brilliant success of the Badr and the brilliant success of the Muslims proved to be a turning Muslims proved to be a turning point.point.