life span chapter 12
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Chapter 12 Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood
20s & 30s PowerPoint's developed by Jenni Fauchier,
Butchered by Professor Carney
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20s & 30s
Integrating Emotional Experiences into Enjoyable Relationships
• Fewer mood swings than adolescence
• More responsible • Less risk-taking • Links between
• childhood temperament• adult personality
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20s & 30s
Childhood Temperament Linked to Adult Personality
• Easy temperament age 3 - 5 • Likely well-adjusted young
adults
• Inhibited temperament in childhood
• Less likely assertive
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20s & 30s
Ability to Control Emotions
• Age 3• Control emotions & cope well
stress
• Continues into adulthood
• Low emotional control & not resilient• Problems as young adults
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20s & 30s
Attachment
• Attachment important in socioemotional development • Securely attached infants
• Used caregiver as secure base to explore
• Securely attached as adults• See partners similarly
• Secure base• Return to & obtain comfort & security when
stressed
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20s & 30s
Conceptualizing & Measuring Adult Attachment
• Attachment-related anxiety • Extent to which individuals feel
secure or insecure • Question:
• Will partner• be available• responsive• attentive
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• Attachment-related avoidance• Degree to which individuals feel
• Secure/insecure relying on others• Opening up• Being intimate
20s & 30s
Conceptualizing & Measuring Adult Attachment
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20s & 30s
Attraction: Physical Attractiveness
• Force of similarity also operates at a physical level • Matching hypothesis
• Abstract• Prefer more attractive person
• Real world• End up with someone close to our level of attractiveness
• Men & women differ on importance of good looks
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20s & 30s
Friendship
• Friendship • Important role in development throughout life• Functions of friendship:
• Companionship• Intimacy/affection• Support• Source of self-esteem• Buffer from stress• Better emotional support than family
• Adult friends usually same age group
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20s & 30s
Gender Differences in Friendships• Women have more:
• Close friends • Self-disclosure• Exchange of mutual support
• Men:• Want practical solutions to their
problems• Rather than sympathy
• Friendships more competitive
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20s & 30s
Falling Out of Love• Collapse of a close relationship may feel
tragic • Depression• Obsessive thoughts• Sexual dysfunction• Inability to work effectively• Difficulty making new friends• Self-condemnation
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20s & 30s
Adult Lifestyles: Single or Cohabiting
• More adults remaining single longer
• Cohabitation • Living together in sexual relationship without
being married • Many view their cohabitation as an
ongoing lifestyle
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20s & 30s
Cohabitation
• Relationships tend to be more equal
• Disadvantages
• disapproval by parents
• difficulty owning property jointly
• legal rights on dissolution of relationship less certain
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20s & 30s
Marriage
• Changing norm of male-female equality means marriages:• More fragile• More intense
• Marry• Over 90 % of U.S. women• Projections: rate will drop 80 - 90 % range
• Average duration of marriage in U.S. • 9 years
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20s & 30s
Happy versus Unhappy Marriages
• Happily married people:• Live longer
• Healthier
• Happier
• Men happier being married
• People in unhappy marriages may have: • High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Psychological problems • Anxiety
• Depression
• Substance abuse
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20s & 30s
Divorce• Increases in divorce correlated with:
• Youthful marriage• Low educational level• Low income• Not religious • Divorced parents• Baby before marriage
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20s & 30s
• Both divorced women & men complain of:• Loneliness• Diminished self-esteem• Anxiety about unknowns• Difficulty forming new intimate relationships
• Divorced adults remarry within 4 yrs
• Men remarry sooner
Divorce
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20s & 30s
Gay Male & Lesbian Adults
• Relationships similar to heterosexual relationships in• Satisfactions• Loves• Joys• Conflict
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20s & 30s
Making Marriage Work: Gottman
• 7 principles determining marriage will work:• Establishing love maps• Nurturing fondness & admiration• Turning toward each other instead of away• Letting your partner influence you• Solving solvable conflicts • Overcoming gridlock • Creating shared meaning