lighting the path to innovation australian synchrotron initial suite of beamlines

Lighting the path to innovationAustralian Synchrotron

Initial Suite of Beamlines

Australian Synchrotron

Proposed initial beamlinesCrystallography & Diffraction

1 High-throughput Protein Crystallography 2-23 keV

2 Protein Microcrystal & Small Molecule X-ray Diffraction 5.5-20 keV

3 Powder X-ray Diffraction 4-60 keV

4 Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering 5.5-20 keV

Spectroscopy

5 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy 4-65 keV

6 Soft X-ray Spectroscopy 0.1-2.5 keV

7 Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) 10-350 eV

8 Infrared Spectroscopy 0.001-1eV

9 Microspectroscopy (submicron-XAS, XANES, & XRF) 5-20 keV

Imaging

10 Imaging & Medical Therapy 10-120 keV

11 Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Probe (XRD & XRF mapping) 4-37 keV

Polarimetry

12 Circular Dichroism 2-10 eV

Advanced Manufacturing

13 Lithography 2-25 keV

About the facility


Proposed initial suite of beamlines

What techniques will be possible?

X-ray diffraction

Beamline 1 – High throughput protein crystallography

a dedicated facility for crystallography of large protein crystals, set up with robotic loading and centring, and for remote operation




X-ray diffraction


Beamline 2 – Protein microcrystal and small molecule diffraction

finely focussed x-ray beam for determining the crystal structure and electron density maps of weakly diffracting, hard–to-crystallise proteins, nucleic acids, and for small molecules




X-ray diffraction



Beamline 3 – Powder diffraction

a general purpose facility for determining the crystal structures of powdered samples – useful for identifying and quality control of pharmaceuticals




X-ray diffraction



Beamline 3 – Powder diffraction

Beamline 4 – Small and wide angle x-ray diffraction

for measurement of long range order in complex molecules and materials – e.g. the shape and conformational structure of protein molecules




Spectroscopy

Beamline 6 – Hard x-ray absorption spectroscopy

for measurement of short and medium range order, bond lengths, and the oxidation state of atoms from atomic number Z=20 upwards (calcium and above)




Spectroscopy


Beamline 6 – Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

for measurement of short and medium range order, bond lengths, and the oxidation state of atoms below atomic number Z=20 (below calcium)

also for surface studies




Spectroscopy



Beamline 7 – Ultra violet spectroscopy

for determination of the electronic structure and surface characteristics of solids, soft matter and gas phase substances - could be valuable for the development of biosensors




Spectroscopy




Beamline 8 – Infra red spectroscopy

for analysis of bond structures in complex molecules, biological materials, minerals and band structures in certain semiconductorsfor imaging the constituents of cells down to 5 microns resolution (conventional IR imaging is limited to 30 microns)




Spectroscopy




Beamline 8 – Infra red spectroscopy

Beamline 9 – Microspectroscopyultra fine focussed x-ray probe (less than 0.5 microns) that enables the imaging of the distribution of heavy elements in samples – important for development of metal-containing drugs and for following the take up of heavy metals into biological tissue




Imaging

Beamline 10 – Imaging and medical therapya versatile beamline for research into high contrast imaging of objects from small animals through to engineering components.

also for research into the physics and biophysics of cancer therapy techniques




Imaging

Beamline 10 – Imaging and medical therapy

Beamline 11 – Microdiffraction and fluorescence probe

designed particularly for the minerals exploration and minerals processing industry




Imaging



Polarimetry

Beamline 12 – Circular dichroism

for determining the secondary structure of proteins and other biological molecules – extends conventional circular dichroism deeper into the UV region




Imaging



Polarimetry

Beamline 12 – Circular dichroism

Micromachining

Beamline 13 – Lithography beamline

for manufacturing micro-devices with very high depth to width ratio and excellent surface finish – important for the development of advanced biosensors


High-throughput Protein Crystallography


High-throughput Protein Crystallography

Energy range2 keV to 23 keV

Property accessiblecrystalline structure

Measurementsx-ray diffraction patterns at varying energymultiple wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) measurements

Informationprotein (macromolecule) structure

Synchrotron benefitsenergy tuning, signal to noise, beam focus

Key contactsJose Varghese, CSIRO

Ribotoxin Laue pattern Moffat et al, BioCARS

Neuraminidase:Colman & Varghese, CSIRO


Protein Micro-crystal and Small Molecule X-ray Diffraction


Protein Micro-crystal and Small Molecule X-ray Diffraction

Energy range5.5 keV to 20 keV


Measurementsx-ray diffraction patterns at varying energymultiple anomalous dispersion (MAD) measurements

Informationstructure of small crystals (proteins inorganics)

Synchrotron benefitsenergy tuning, signal to noise, beam focus

Key contactsJose Varghese, CSIROColin Raston, UWA

bis-metalloporphyrin P. Turner, U. Sydney


Powder Diffraction


Powder DiffractionEnergy range

4 keV to 60 keV


Measurementsx-ray diffraction patterns

Informationphase analysis

Synchrotron benefitssignal to noise, resolution, timing (fast data acquisition)

Key contactsBrendan Kennedy, Sydney; Ian Madsen, CSIRO


SAXS/WAXS


Energy range5.5 keV to 20 keV

Property accessiblelong range order (SAXS), short range order (WAXS)

Measurementsx-ray scattering patterns

Informationstructure analysis, including longer scale than conventional XRD

Synchrotron benefitssignal to noise, resolution, small samples

Key contactsIan Gentle, U of Q; David Cookson, ASRP

SAXS/WAXS


X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy


X-ray Absorption SpectroscopyEnergy range

4 keV to 65 keV

Elements accessibleatomic number 20, calcium and heavier

Measurementsx-ray absorption spectra (transmission)x-ray fluorescence (emission)

Informationchemical composition, chemical state, local structure

Synchrotron benefitsunique method because of energy scanning and tuning, as well as intensity

Key contactsMark Ridgeway, ANU

XANES spectra of Cr III (relatively benign) and Cr VI, a known carcinogen

Amorphous GaAs EXAFS and Fourier transform


Soft X-ray Spectroscopy


Soft X-ray Spectroscopy

Energy range0.1 – 2.5 keV

Elements accessibleatomic number 3, lithium and heavier by XPSatomic number 4, beryllium and heavier by XAS

Measurementsx-ray photoelectron spectrax-ray absorption spectra

Informationsurface analysis, including depth profiles

Synchrotron benefitsenergy scanning, signal to noise, resolution

Key contactsAlan Buckley, UNSW

S 2p in FeS2

(Nesbitt & Bancroft et al)


Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV)


Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV)Energy range

10 eV - 350 eV

Property accessibleelectron density in valence band and low binding energy orbitals

Measurementsphotoemission spectra

Informationfundamental information on electrical and magnetic properties of atoms, molecules and solids

Synchrotron benefitsenergy range, intensity, polarisation (circular with variable polarisation undulator)

Key contactsRobert Leckey, LaTrobe


Infrared Spectroscopy


Infrared SpectroscopyEnergy range

0.001 eV to 1 eV (10 cm-1 to 10,000 cm-1)

Property accessiblemolecular vibrations

Measurementsvibrational spectra

Informationmolecular structure, chemical analysis

Synchrotron Benefitssignal to noise, spatial resolution(down to the diffraction limit)

Key contactsDudley Creagh, Canberra; Don McNaughton, Monash


Microspectroscopy


MicrospectroscopyEnergy range

5 keV to 20 keV

Elements accessibleatomic number 14, silicon and heavier by XRF atomic number 24, chromium and heavier by XAS

Measurementsx-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD)

Informationelemental analysis, chemical state, long range & short range structure

Synchrotron Benefitsenergy scanning, spot size (100s of nm), intensity

Key contactsDavid Cohen, ANSTO

Pt spectrum located in a tumour cellHambley et al, U Syd


Imaging and Medical Therapy


Imaging and Medical Therapy


Property accessiblex-ray contrast and refraction

Measurementsx-ray images (contrast, phase contrast, diffraction enhanced)

Informationmacroscopic structure

Synchrotron Benefitsintensity, partial coherence, energy range, collimation

Key contactsRob Lewis, Monash; Steve Wilkins, CSIRO

Bird’s head, phase contrast imageLewis, Monash University


Microdiffraction & Fluorescence Probe


Microdiffraction & Fluorescence ProbeEnergy range

4 keV to 37 keV

Elements accessibleatomic number 14, silicon and heavier(lighter elements under vacuum)

Measurementssimultaneous Laue X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence

Informationelemental composition, phase analysis

Synchrotron benefitsenergy range, spot size (around a micron2), intensity

Key contactsAndrea Gerson, IWRI


Circular Dichroism


Circular DichroismEnergy range

2 eV to 10 eV

Property accessiblestructural order

Measurementsabsorption as varying energies for left and right circularly polarised light

Informationsecondary structure of peptides and proteins

Synchrotron benefitspolarisation, energy range, intensity

Key contactsMibel Aguilar, Monash University


Lithography


Lithography


Synchrotron Benefitsfocus, intensity, energy range, collimation high aspect ratio devices

Key contactsErol Harvey, Swinburne and Minifab

Bio meets micro

lighting the path to innovation australian synchrotron initial suite of beamlines

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