ling 100 - practice with articulatory phonetics (post-class slides)

Articulatory PhoneticsMore Practice

Acoustic Phonetics

Practice with Articulatory PhoneticsLING 100 2013W: Tutorial T02/T04

Meagan Louie

2013-09-27

Meagan Louie Articulatory Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Place of ArticulationManner of ArticulationAirstream Mechanism

Outline

1 Articulatory PhoneticsPlace of ArticulationManner of ArticulationAirstream Mechanism

2 More PracticeArticulatory Description

3 Acoustic Phonetics

Acoustic Phonetics

Articulatory Categorization

The IPA categorizes consonants according to their articulatory properties:

1. Place of Articulation (bilabial, alveolar, pharyngeal, etc.)

2. Manner of Articulation (stop/plosive, fricative, glide, etc.)

3. Airstream Mechanism (voiced, voiceless, ejective, etc.)

Acoustic Phonetics

Identify the Place of Articulation

Acoustic Phonetics

Identify the Place of Articulation

Acoustic Phonetics

Identifying Place of Articulation

Identify the place of articulation of the first and last consonants

(a) bang

(b) smack

(c) thud

(d) crash

(e) splat

(f) wham

(g) pear

(h) tank

(i) flight

(j) yellow

Acoustic Phonetics

Identify the place of articulation of the first and last consonants

(a) bang bilabial [b], velar [N]

(b) smack alveolar [s], velar [k]

(c) thud (inter)dental [T], alveolar [d]

(d) crash velar [k], post-alveolar [S]

(e) splat alveolar [s], alveolar [t]

(f) wham labio-velar [w], bilabial [m]

(g) pear bilabial [p], alveolar [ô]

(h) tank alveolar [t], velar [k]

(i) flight labio-dental [f], alveolar [t]

(j) yellow palatal [j], n/a

Acoustic Phonetics

What about vowels?

1. Height: High, Mid, Low

2. Backness: Front, Central, Back

3. Roundedness: Rounded, Unrounded

Acoustic Phonetics

Identify the Height, Backness and Roundedness for each vowel

(i) heed

(ii) hid

(iii) head

(iv) had

(v) father

(vi) soon

(vii) spleen

(viii) said

(2i) hood

(2ii) hoot

(2iii) high

(2iv) hay

(2v) house

(2vi) cup

(2vii) bag

(2viii) slice

Acoustic Phonetics

Identify the Height, Backness and Roundedness for each vowel

(i) heed H, F, U, (tense)

(ii) hid H, F, U, (lax)

(iii) head M, F, U, (lax)

(iv) had L, F, U

(v) father L, B, U

(vi) soon H, B, R, (tense)

(vii) spleen H, F, U (tense)

(viii) said M, F, U, (lax)

(2i) hood H, B, R (lax)

(2ii) hoot H, B, R, (tense)

(2iii) high L, C, U → H, F, U

(2iv) hay M, F, U → H, F, U

(2v) house L, C, U → H, B, R

(2vi) cup M, C, U

(2vii) bag L, F, U

(2viii) slice L, C, U → H, F, U

Acoustic Phonetics

Canadian Raising

Do your vowels in ’house’ and ’slice’ seem to start off

mid (central)instead of low (central)?

Pronouncing the vowels in ’house’ and ’slice’ that way ischaracteristic of English dialects with Canadian Raising

Acoustic Phonetics

Preliminary Exercise: Manner of Articulation

Name the manner of articulations that matches the descriptions

1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, closeenough so that turbulent airflow is produced.

2. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact).

3. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),and then this closure is slowly released so that turbulent airflow isproduced.

4. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, but notone close enough so that turbulent airflow is produced.

Acoustic Phonetics

1. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, closeenough so that turbulent airflow is produced. fricative

2. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth. stop

3. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),and then this closure is slowly released so that turbulent airflow isproduced. affricate

4. The articulators form an approximate closure in the mouth, but notone close enough so that turbulent airflow is produced. glide

Acoustic Phonetics

1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasalcavity is blocked

2. The soft palate/velum is lowered, so that the airstream flows throughthe nasal cavity

3. A closure at the centre of the mouth, so that air can flow over one orboth sides of the tongue

4. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),but the closure is very brief

Acoustic Phonetics

1. The soft palate/velum is raised so that the airstream into the nasalcavity is blocked oral

2. The soft palate/velum is lowered, so that the airstream flows throughthe nasal cavity nasal

3. A closure at the centre of the mouth, so that air can flow over one orboth sides of the tongue liquid

4. The articulators form a complete closure in the mouth (full contact),but the closure is very brief flap

Acoustic Phonetics

Identifying Manner of Articulation

Identify the manner of articulation of the first and last consonant

(a) bang

(b) smack

(c) thud

(d) crash

(e) splat

(f) wham

Acoustic Phonetics

Identifying Manner of Articulation

Identify the manner of articulation of the first and last consonant

(a) bang bilabial stop, velar nasal stop

(b) smack alveolar fricative, velar (oral) stop

(c) thud (inter)dental fricative, alveolar (oral) stop

(d) crash velar (oral) stop, post-alveolar fricative

(e) splat alveolar fricative, alveolar (oral) stop

(f) wham labio-velar glide, bilabial nasal stop

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Sounds are made by causing movement/vibrations in the air;speech sounds (stops, in particular) can be categorized according to:

1. Airstream: Pulmonic (lungs), Glottalic (glottis), Velaric (velum)

This has to do with which body of air in the vocal tract is moving(i.e., where/how the pressure differential is created)

2. Direction: Egressive, Ingressive

This has to do with whether the air is moving out of the vocal tract,or into the vocal tract

3. Voicing: Voiced (vocal folds tightly closed so that they vibrate), orvoiceless

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Kinds of stop consonants

1. Plosives: p, t, k, q, etc. Pulmonic, Egressive

2. Ejectives:: p’, t’ k’, q’, etc. Glottalic, Egressive

3. Implosives: á , â , ê , ä , É, etc. Glottalic, Ingressive

4. Clicks: ò, |, !, }, etc. Velaric, Ingressive

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Acoustic Phonetics

Airstream Mechanism

Acoustic PhoneticsArticulatory Description

Outline

Articulatory Description: Make the following sounds

(a) voiced bilabial stop

(b) low front unrounded vowel

(c) voiced lateral approximate

(d) voiceless lateral approximate

(e) high back rounded vowel

(f) voiceless alveolar fricative

(g) voiced velar nasal

(h) voiced postalveolar affricate

(i) voiced palatal glide

(j) mid front lax unrounded vowel

(k) voiced dental fricative

(l) voiceless labiodental fricative

Like Articulatory Phonetics?

→ Ladefoged’s ”A Course in Phonetics”

(There are probably a lot of old editions available - I actually prefer the4th, 5th editions to the 6th edition)

There’s also lots of information on acoustic phonetics in Ladefoged...

Acoustic Phonetics

Outline

Acoustic Phonetics

Using PRAAT for Acoustic Phonetics

If you like acoustic phonetics...

Use PRAAT!

1. For recording your voice (or other voices)

2. For seeing a visual representation of the acoustic properties of yourvoice - waveforms and spectrograms

3. For analyzing or manipulating your voice recordings

How can I use PRAAT?

1. Download PRAAT here

2. A ”screencast/video-tutorial” about PRAAT

Acoustic Phonetics

Use PRAAT!

Acoustic Phonetics

Use PRAAT!

Acoustic Phonetics

Use PRAAT!

Acoustic Phonetics

Use PRAAT!

ling 100 - practice with articulatory phonetics (post-class slides)

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