lists, catalogs and portals: models and tools for e- resource access karen calhoun, associate...
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Lists, Catalogs and Portals: Models and Tools for E-Resource Access
Karen Calhoun, Associate University Librarian for Technical Services, Cornell University LibraryLLNE Spring MeetingApril 30, 2004
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What’s the Problem? What does the library “hold”? Multiple places to look Confusing Poor leverage of investment in
aggregations High labor costs Less than optimal service
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What Do Users Want?
•Faculty and students do more work and study away from campus
•Loyal to the library, but library is only one element in complex information structure
•Print still important, but almost half of undergraduates say they rely exclusively or almost exclusively on electronic materials
•Seamless linking from one information object to another is expected
Do you use electronic sources all of the time, most of the time, some of the time, or none of the
time?
0%
10%20%
30%
40%50%
60%
All of thetime/most of
the time
Some of thetime
None of thetime
Responses
Per
cen
t
Faculty/Graduate
Undergrad
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Toward a New Library Information Space
Methods and tools Web-accessible lists New role for catalogs Portals Reference linking
(OpenURL) E-resource
management systems
Objectives
Unite print, digital and e-collections
Integrate access to all library resources
Simplify digital and e-resource management (lower costs AND improve service)
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What’s An Aggregation? Collection of publications in
electronic form Differ in size, content “Vanilla” “Tutti fruitti surprise”
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Types of Aggregators Hosting service for publishers
Databases of full text (and citations/abstracts)
Gateways
Business Source Premier
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Why Are They Here To Stay? One selection, one contract, many
titles Same scripting and security
requirements One interface, many titles Library users WANT THEM
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Levels of Access Web-accessible lists
Browsing Searching Both
Online catalog Portals Reference linking
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Another Web-accessible list: Database-driven, Serials Solutions+ example
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What’s a Portal? A tool for “organized knowledge
discovery” LCPAIG:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/lcpaig/PortalFunctionalitiesList4PublicComment1st7-22-03.html#portalsfunctionalities
The Dream: A Unifying System Model
Other LibrariesCatalogs
Local Library Catalog
DigitalCollections
LicensedDatabases
Other(e.g.,DSpace)
Many diverse, separate interfaces
Portal: an Integrating System
Authentication layer
Unified Web Interface (“Google-like”)
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What’s a Portal (Continued) Help users easily discover what resources
are available Help users discover what resources are
most useful for their topics Provide parallel searching of multiple
resources at the same time Integrate and manage search results Link search results to full text Authenticate and authorize or block user
access
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Cornell’s Portal Implementation: Part Migration, Part New Functionality
EXISTING: “FIND DATABASES” & “FIND E-JOURNALS”
Search e-Reference metadata
Go to database from search results
Browse by subject Authenticate users for
restricted resources Search for e-journal titles
PLUS: “FIND ARTICLES”
Search at article level Simultaneous search
across multiple databases
Reference linking
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Reference Linking Major domain for innovation Users expect fully linked information
environment Partnerships between content
providers, database producers, and library system vendors
Catalog represents one element of the interlinked environment
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OpenURL
<URL>http://128.84.158.87:8888/lfp/LinkFinderPlus/Display?
&aulast=Przyblyski&atitle=Revolution+at+a+Standstill
%3A+Photography+and+the+Paris+Commune+of+1871&title=Yale+French+Stud
ies&volume=101&issn=0044-0078&spage=54&date=2001&pages=54-
78&stitle=YFS</URL>
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Open Linking & Link Resolvers
A link resolver accepts metadata (an OpenURL) from a source and presents links based on logic and business rules administered locally
It knows what the user has access to Relies on “knowledge base”
Open Linking & Link Resolvers
Source Link Resolver
MetadataOPAC
Link
Full Text
ILL
Link
Link
Open linking introduces a “resolver” into the linking process
OpenURL standardizesthis part of the communication
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Federated search: what’s missing Response time comparatively slow Practical limits to number of databases that can be:
Configured for searching Searched at once
Incomplete search results (also due to practical limits) Lack of control over what is returned in search result sets Order of search results displays not as useful as they
should be Other limitations on what can (or can’t) be displayed
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Limitations of Reference Linking No link resolver and library doesn’t have access to full text
of journal Have link resolver, but knowledge base is incorrect or out of
date Inconsistent metadata within a database and across
databases Bad metadata Varied application of citation standards; non-use of citation
standards Library has full text for journal but not the volume/issue the
user wants Full text availability lags behind citation availability No alternative to “get full text” presented And on and on
Summary: Pros and Cons of 4 Levels of Access
Method/Tool Pros Cons
Web-accessible lists Many ways to produce oneAmenable to in-house solutionsCan use services like SerialsSolutions, TdnetUsers like them, some say users prefer them
Often incompleteHave to look in multiple places for holdings infoCan require dual maintenanceStatic lists can be hard to maintainAccess to journal only (not direct to articles)
Catalog access (via single or separate record technique)
One place to look (provided all are cataloged)Many ways to find (title, keyword, subject)
Can be incomplete (if not all cataloged)Can be expensive and slowAccess to journals only (not direct to articles)Some users find catalog searching/records complex
Portal Unified access to many discrete resources via one interfaceFederated search saves timeGood for discoveryAccess at article levelCan link search results to full textThis is how users want to work
Response time comparatively slowLimits on number of databases that can be searched at onceLimits of number of hits returned (searches not comprehensive)Same searches return different results from different databasesOrder of search results displays not as useful as they should be
Reference linking This is how users want to work, with fully interlinked info environmentSaves staff and user timeEasy and convenientCan provide other services as well as full text linkingCan make print collection more visible
To maximize usefulness, need link resolver and knowledge baseOpenURLs don’t always work (see list in presentation)
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What Do We Need to Do? Figure it out together: collaborate with
selectors, acquisitions staff, reference staff, information technology staff
Share the work with other libraries and other organizations
Seek creative solutions; be nimble Libraries and librarians cannot win if they
do not play
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Riding the Strawberry RoanHe says this here's one pony that's never been rode,And the man that gets on him is bound to get throwed.I got all het up and I asked what he'd payTo ride this old nag for a couple of days.Well, he offered me ten, and I says, "I'm your man,For the bronc isn't living that I couldn't fan."He says, "Get your saddle, I'll give you the chance."So we hopped in his buckboard and rode to his ranch.
Bibliography Blake, Miriam and Frances Knudson.
2002. Metadata and reference linking. LCATS 26 (3): 219-230.
Breeding, Marshall. 2004. The many facets of managing electronic resources. Computers in libraries 24 (1): 25-
Calhoun, Karen and Bill Kara. 2000. Aggregation or aggravation? Optimizing access to full text journals. ALCTS Newsletter Online 11 (1).
Calhoun, Karen. 2004. E-journal access using the catalog, federated search, and reference linking systems. Background paper for CONSER Summit. http://www.loc.gov/acq/conser/catalog-fedsearch-openURL.html
Coombs, Karen A. 2004. Reaching the CROSSROADS of two lists for periodical holdings. Computers in libraries 24 (1): 14-
Degon, John and Liz Maisey. 2003. Linking to full text: using Serials Solutions. Conference presentation. http://www.nelinet.net/edserv/conf/cataloging/serials/assumpt.ppt
Friedlander, Amy. 2002. Dimensions and use of the scholarly information environment: introduction to a data set assembled by the Digital Library Federation and Outsell Inc. http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub110/contents.html
Meagher, Elizabeth S. and Christopher Brown. 2004. Gold Rush: integrated access to aggregated journal text through the OPAC. LRTS 48 (1): 69-76.